1 Planning for the Next Generation of the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs (GAIN) Michael Dennis, Ph.D., David Smith, B.G.S., Michelle White, Ph.D. Chestnut Health Systems, Bloomington, IL Think Tank Presentation for the Joint Meeting on Adolescent Treatment Effectiveness, Baltimore, MD, March 28, 2006, Federal Hill Room. Preparation of this manuscript was supported by funding from the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT Contract no. 270-2003-00006). The content of this poster are the opinions of the author and do not reflect the views or policies of the government. Available on line at www.chestnut.org/LI/Posters or by contacting Joan Unsicker at 720 West Chestnut, Bloomington, IL 61701, phone: (309) 827-6026, fax:(309) 829- 4661, e-Mail: [email protected]
Transcript
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Planning for the Next Generation of the Global Appraisal of Individual
Needs (GAIN)
Michael Dennis, Ph.D., David Smith, B.G.S., Michelle White, Ph.D. Chestnut Health Systems, Bloomington, IL
Think Tank Presentation for the Joint Meeting on Adolescent Treatment Effectiveness, Baltimore, MD, March 28, 2006, Federal Hill Room. Preparation of
this manuscript was supported by funding from the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT Contract no. 270-2003-00006). The content of this poster are the opinions of the author and do not reflect the views or policies of the government.
Available on line at www.chestnut.org/LI/Posters or by contacting Joan Unsicker at 720 West Chestnut, Bloomington, IL 61701, phone: (309) 827-6026, fax:(309) 829-
The GAIN was developed through over a decade of collaboration between clinical researchers, practitioners, informationtechnology specialists, funders, and regulators and is today in over 300 programs around the United States and Canada. Based on a progressive approach to assessment, the GAIN is a series of instruments that include:• A 5 minute GAIN-Short Screener (GSS) that can be used in general
populations, for triage services, or as a denominator/measure of change in program evaluation
• A 20-30 minute GAIN-Quick (GQ) that can be used with targeted populations (e.g. SAP/EAP, JJ/CJ settings) to support a basic assessment, brief intervention, and/or referral to specialty treatment systems
• A 90-120 minute GAIN-Initial (GI) designed to serve as a standardized biopsychosocial and integrated clinical research assessment tool
• A 30-60 minute GAIN-Monitoring 90 days (GM90) for tracking change over time and program evaluation/clinical research.
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This think tank will..
• Summarize the evolution of the GAIN to date, the growth of the community using it, what it does well, and summarize where it is currently going
• Seek your input on three key challenges for the next generation of the GAIN:
- Integrating Treatment Planning and Placement Recommendation
- Software Interface, Modules, & Customization
- Workforce Training, Turnover, & Sustainability
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Evolution of the GAIN
1993 GAIN 1.x created for NIDA Training and Employment Program (TEP) with adult methadone clients as an integrated clinical and research instrument based on ASI, IAP, DATOS, & several existing scales
1996 GAIN 2.x revised for Drug Outcome Monitoring Study (DOMS) of all Chestnut & Interventions adult and adolescent levels of care to focus more specifically on DSM, ASAM, JACHO/CARF and map onto epidemiological data based
1998 GAIN 3.x revised for Cannabis Youth Treatment (CYT) and Adolescent Treatment Model (ATM) in 18 sites to address problems in DOMS and incorporate GPRA versions 1 & 2
2000 GAIN 4.x revised to include several new modules to address specific NIDA and NIAAA research studies (not widely used)
2002 GAIN 5.x revised for Strengthening Communities for Youth (SCY) and CSAT adolescent treatment program to incorporate changes from version 4.x, reasons for quitting, treatment history & process measures, GPRA versions 3 & 4, several state reporting requirements.
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Location of CSAT Adolescent Treatment Grantees Using the GAIN Since 1997
ARTATMCYTDrug Court
EarmarkEATSCYTCEYORP
AK
AL
ARAZ
CA CODC
DE
FL
GA
HI
IA
ID
IN
KS
LA
MD
ME
MI
MN
MO
MS
MT
NC
ND
NE
NH
NJ
NM
NV
NY
OH
OK
OR
PA
RI
SC
SD
TN
TX
UTVA
WA
WV
WY
PR SAC Grant States
VT
WI
IL
KY
MA
CT
DC
Program
3/06
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All Adolescent and Adult, Clinical and Research Sites Using the GAIN since 1993
Indiana
Kansas
Mississippi
Montana
NebraskaNevada
North Dakota
Arkansas
Maine
Oklahoma
South Dakota
Tennessee
Alabam
a
Idaho
Minnesota
New Mexico
North Carolina
West
Virginia
Georgia
Iowa
Louisiana
SouthCarolina
Utah
Kentucky
Alaska
Virginia
PennsylvaniaM
ichigan
Ohio
Oregon
Colorado
New York
Arizona
Texas
Florida
Wisconsin
Missouri
Illinois
California
Washington
Wyoming
Number of Sites
1 to 1415 to 3031 to 88
Puerto Rico
New Hampshire
Delaware
Hawaii
Rhode Island
New Jersey
District Of Columbia
Maryland
Connecticut
Vermont
Massachusetts
None (yet)
3/06
1+ Statewide syst.1+ Statewide systconsidering it
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Where is the GAIN Going?
• The number of programs using the GAIN has doubled every year for five years and is projected to continue to do so for the next five years as increasingly more regional/state systems strongly recommend, offer incentives for, and/or codify requirements to use the GAIN.
• Incorporation of computer adaptive testing to shorten the administration time and other complex statistical modules to improve validity and provide clinical guidance.
• Better integration of information across records from multiple sources (e.g., participant, collateral, urine) and/or over time.
• Better integration into existing clinical information systems related to diagnosis, placement, treatment planning, monitoring, and billing.
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Where is the GAIN Going? (continued)
• Demands for more specialized versions, different languages, self administration, and better modularization/set up for local customization (subsets, new items).
• Demands for easier ways to generate both canned and locally created reports to Word, Excel, Access and other languages.
• Demands for use in a range of platforms (laptop, LAN/WAN, Internet) including minimal/no set up “accounts” for sites with minimal IT infrastructure.
• Demands for tools to help local IT staff manage and update the applications in complex systems.
• Need for more robust and flexible software to meet these demands.
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• Development of work force development/quality control model, public domain manuals, other shared clinical resources, open syntax, data sharing with multiple applied researchers and evaluators.
• Secondary analysis of existing data to improve knowledge about what works for whom and to guide clinicians.
• Meta analysis of Adolescent Treatment Effectiveness Studies and Synthesis to related them to non-experimental outcome studies.
• Development of case mix and propensity score adjustments for non-experimental studies.
• Becoming a key piece of infrastructure in the move toward evidence based practice.
Where is the GAIN Going? (continued)
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Integrating Treatment Planning and Placement Recommendation
• Challenge: Staff have a difficult time consistently implementing approach to treatment planning and ASAM placement; when they edit the diagnoses/reports in Word, the changes are not in the data set.
• Potential Strategies:- Expand the GRRS clinical narrative to provide a summary of what the
client wants, general treatment planning recommendations, and specific recommendation based on their self reports, and preliminary level of care recommendations based on what their peers would do
- Create a tool in the new software for partially editing the diagnosis, treatment planning and placement recommendation in the system so that answers are save and available
- Produce simple cross tabs of what the computer recommended vs. what staff did that can be run overall, by site, staff person or type of client to identify training issues and for program planning
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Software Interface, Modules, & Customization
• Challenge: In the new GAIN Software we plan to provide instrument “templates” that will parallel current grant “cores” plus others that are optimized for assessment time, clinical reporting, mental health, criminal justice, etc. Adding additional customizability will also add complexity, cost and development time.
• Potential Strategies:- Develop an online tool to “fine-tune” these templates further and
create new ones
- Include “knowledge” about the composition of scales and indices in this tool to “protect” the user from breaking important relationships
- Add the ability to add “modules” with additional questions at the end of a GAIN assessment – in essence additional instruments
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Workforce Training, Turnover, Sustainability
• Challenge: Many programs enjoy using the GAIN once it is in use, but when grant funding ends or trained and certified local trainers resign, they have a difficult time sustaining its use. They also have problems with planning issues related to which instruments to continue using, when, and why.
• Potential Strategies:- Offer packets or consultations on addressing sustainability based on the
experiences of programs who have been successful in doing it
- Reduce barriers to initial implementation to retain staff longer, thus reducing turnover problems
- Addition of state or regional level certification/shared local trainers across programs to address turnover and training issues
- Proactive introductions between local programs using GAIN to encourage cross-program collaboration to improve sustainability
- Improve software tools to better identify which staff most need ongoing QA reviews
