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OutlineOutline
Background Role of Legislation, Policy, Planning,
Programming in Transportation Briefly on Using Management Systems &
Simulation/Models as Tools Examples of Legislation as a Tool
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General Framework
Example: Land Use & Transportation
FROM: http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/toolbox/framew
ork.htm
Causal
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Policies (Sacramento Example)Policies (Sacramento Example)
High-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes; High-occupancy toll (HOT) lanes; Light rail transit (LRT) and other
advanced transit; Transit-Oriented Development (TOD); Roadway-Oriented Development (ROD);
and Pricing
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/planning/toolbox/sacramento_overview.htm
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Formalized ProceduresFormalized Procedures
Key steps in policy definition and implementation
Many steps defined in legislation - federal, state, & region/city
New technology introduced by federal rulesState & regions define policies, resist and/or
foster change, implement solutions
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Digression on Different Hierarchies Digression on Different Hierarchies in Decision Makingin Decision Making
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Digression on Policy ActorsDigression on Policy Actors
Federal Legislature (Congress)Federal Government (President &
Agencies)State Legislature State Government (Governor and Agencies)Regions & Counties (in East US Advisory)Cities-townships (Govern on local issues)
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Digression on Policy ActorsDigression on Policy Actors
Federal Congress - General legislation (4 to 6 year span)
Federal Agencies - Create regulations to implement policy
Congress & Agencies - Allocate $$$ to states
State “Congress” - State legislation & budget
State Agencies - Create processes to spend funds and implement technologies - Allocate $$$ to cities
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Key DefinitionsKey Definitions
Policies - Broad Directions (Goals-Objectives-Measures)
Example: Save Lives, Leave Open Space, Decrease Travel Time
Politics - Emphasis on one direction for specific groups of people
Example: Decrease Gas Tax
Planning - Sequence of steps to satisfy the objectives ------ Contains a strong quantitative component (simulation models)
Example: Regional Long Range Transp. Plan
Programming - Process to define allocation of resources to projects
Example: Funding for I-99
OperationsSequence of steps to make a system work in a desirable way
Example: organization of streets & signals
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National Transportation PlanningNatio nal policy and direction
Program fundingStatist icsResearch
Statewide Transportation PlanningState policy an d direction
Conformity with national policiesPro ject programming/administration
Local Transportation PlanningIdentification of projects
Participation in statewide/metro /reg ional p lanningLocal develop ment
Regional PlanningIdentification of projects
Respond to inpu t from mgmt systems
MPO
MPO
MPO LDD
LDD
PennDOT
USDOT
Acronyms:
USDOT -- United States Department of TransportationPennDOT -- Pennsylvania Department of TransportationMPO -- Metropolitan Planning OrganizationLDD -- Local Development District
City
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Hierarchy of goals-objectives-performance Hierarchy of goals-objectives-performance measures-targets-evaluation/monitoringmeasures-targets-evaluation/monitoring
T a rg e tC ontrcat and des ign cen ter by D ec. 200 0
P hll. and P itt. cen ters by D ec. 2005
P e r fo r m a n c e M e a s u reE stab lish traf and opsm anagem ent cen ters
T a rg e t50% of In ters tates covered by D ec 2003
P e r fo m a n c e M e a s u reIm plem ent inciden t m anagem ent
O b je c tiv e 1Im plem entconges tion
m anagem ent
O b je c tiv e 2A chiev e
com pliance w ithenv ironm ental ru les
O b je c tiv e 3P rom ote
telecom m uting
G o a lIm prove the env ironm ent
Specificity increases
Regular monitoring of progress to meet targets – updates based on technical analysis and public involvement
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Hierarchy in the Usual SequenceHierarchy in the Usual Sequence
Politics
PlanningPolicy
Programming
OperationsData
Projects
Define Emphasis Add Goals Add Projects
Goals
Objectives
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Usual Sequence with Strategic PlanUsual Sequence with Strategic Plan
Politics
PlanningPolicy
Programming
Define Emphasis Add Goals Add Projects
Goals
Objectives
Strategic Planning
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Strategic PlanStrategic Plan
Shorter term than planningVision-mission-valuesGoals & objectivesMonitoring of implementationReporting to constituentsUpdate regularly
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Rural TIP
TimeToday 5 years 10 years 15 years 20 years
Policy-Planning Horizon and Roles
National -- U. S. DOT
Statewide -- PennDOT
Regional -- TMA, MPO
Local -- LDD, County government
Long-Range Planning
Policy -- ISTEA
Policy Plan -- PA Long-Range Plan
TIP
Programming -- SUM of TIPsStrategic Plan Strategic Plan Strategic Plan
List of projects
List of projects
TEA 21in 1998
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PennDOT’s Policy-PlanPennDOT’s Policy-Plan
Policy document --- 20 yearsStrategic plan (moving PA forward) --- 5
yearsPennPlan document --- 25 years, updates
every year
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Planning ToolsPlanning Tools
Analytical toolsInventory = Complete electronic and non-electronic catalog of transportation system
components and condition
Management Systems = Information systems to update inventory (see PennDOT systems later)
Simulation Models = An electronic inventory with behavioral models
Forecasting = A toolkit of transport simulation models for scenarios
- Land Use, Demographics, Networks, Facilities, Vehicles etc.
Laws-regulations-rulesFederal laws = provide budgets, general guidelines, standards to achieve, and
“earmarks”
State laws= provide more detailed budgets and guidelines
State rules and regulations = prescribe implementation of laws
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Planning Tools & Innovations- Planning Tools & Innovations- New TechnologyNew Technology Legislation - Framework/Guidelines/Targets Policy & Plans - Framework/Guidelines/Targets Planning - Problem Solutions/Impact Assessment Programming - Implement Solutions/Funding Management Systems - Monitor/Collect
Data/Integrate Models Simulation/Models - Assess Success of
Innovations & Technologies
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Planning ToolsPlanning Tools
Analytical toolsInventory = Complete electronic and non-electronic catalog of transportation system
components and condition
Management Systems = Information systems to update inventory (see PennDOT systems later)
Simulation Models = An electronic inventory with behavioral models
Forecasting = A toolkit of transport simulation models for scenarios
- Land Use, Demographics, Networks, Facilities, Vehicles etc.
Laws-regulations-rulesFederal laws = provide budgets, general guidelines, standards to achieve, and
“earmarks”
State laws= provide more detailed budgets and guidelines
State rules and regulations = prescribe implementation of laws
Monitoring & Management
Systems
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Management & Monitoring Management & Monitoring SystemsSystems Defined by Federal Legislation in 1991 This is one way to “think” about transportation
in an organized way Six Management Systems: Congestion -
Intermodal - Bridge - Safety - Public Transportation - Pavement
One Monitoring - Traffic All contain processes, procedures, technologies
(hardware - software), & information systems
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POLICYPLAN
(PennDOT)
Twelve YearProgram &
S.T.I.P
AnnualReport
Managementand Monitoring
Systems
ReviewGuidanceGuidance
Contiguous Programming Development Cycle
Periodic Policy Plan Input and Consistency Checks
Policy Plan Integration Activities
Long RangePlans
MPOs/LDDs
Public InputOther Agencies
Stakeholders
MPO TIPs/LDDPrograms
Public InputOther Agencies
Stakeholders
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Planning ToolsPlanning Tools
Analytical toolsInventory = Complete electronic and non-electronic catalog of transportation system
components and condition
Management Systems = Information systems to update inventory (see PennDOT systems later)
Simulation Models = An electronic inventory with behavioral models
Forecasting = A toolkit of transport simulation models for scenarios
- Land Use, Demographics, Networks, Facilities, Vehicles etc.
Laws-regulations-rulesFederal laws = provide budgets, general guidelines, standards to achieve, and
“earmarks”
State laws= provide more detailed budgets and guidelines
State rules and regulations = prescribe implementation of laws
Simulation & Forecasting
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Typical Process for SimulationTypical Process for SimulationGoals andobjectives
SurveillanceReappraisalProcedural developmentServiceAnnual report
Continuing elements
Policy andtechnical development
Develop immediateaction plan
PennDOTMPOsTMAsLDDsLocal gov’tsCitizen participation
Transportationorganizations
Plan implementation
Land useTrip generationTrip distributionModal splitTraffic assign.
Calibrate models
PopulationLand useEconomicTrafficRevenues
Areawideforecast
= Part of the Sequential Demand Forecasting Process
Develop alternativesApply models
Land useTrip generationTrip distributionMode choiceTraffic assign.
Plan testing, evaluationand selection
Analysis of futurealternative systems
PopulationLand useEconomic activityTransportation systemTravel volumesTerminal and transfer
facilitiesFinancial resourcesCommunity values
Inventories anddata collection
DATA
Future Network Changes:•Policy Changes•Congestion Relief Policies
•HOV Lanes•Value Pricing
•New Transit Services•Geometric Changes•Rideshare Incentives•Land Use Changes•Information to Passengers
Input Existing System Data
Activity Schedule-what will occur
MOE's forBase Year
Future No ChangeFuture Changes
Traffic Simulation-results in actual travel times
and relative distancesbetween Activity centers
Route Selection-what route will be used to
travel from Activity A toActivity B
Mode Choice-how will the individual get
to the activity location
Activity Location-where will the activity take place
GIS Database
EXAMPLE: URBAN CONGESTION MANAGEMENT
MODEL
Simulation Model ExampleSimulation Model Example
OUTPUT=Estimates of number of trips, travel time, travel costs, modal share
per highway segment
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Planning ToolsPlanning Tools
Analytical toolsInventory = Complete electronic and non-electronic catalog of transportation system
components and condition
Management Systems = Information systems to update inventory (see PennDOT systems later)
Simulation Models = An electronic inventory with behavioral models
Forecasting = A toolkit of transport simulation models for scenarios
- Land Use, Demographics, Networks, Facilities, Vehicles etc.
Laws-regulations-rulesFederal laws = provide budgets, general guidelines, standards to achieve, and
“earmarks”
State laws= provide more detailed budgets and guidelines
State rules and regulations = prescribe implementation of laws
Mandates & Appropriations($)
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Legislation as a ToolLegislation as a Tool
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA)- clean fuels, air quality standards and schedule
Intermodal Surface Transportation Act of 1991 (ISTEA) - management systems, intelligent trans. systems program, transportation centers
Transportation Equity Act of 1998 (TEA) - defined standards (e.g., 20% decrease in fatalities), directed grants to States, Regions, and Universities (for R&D)
State Safety Legislation - grants for safety improvements & ITS technology implementation
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Typical processes/proceduresTypical processes/procedures
http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/MassTrans/doc_pdf/Transfund.pdf
Safety in planning
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News from legislative frontNews from legislative front
August 10, 2005 – New Transportation Legislation Defines The National Framework
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/safetealu/index.htm See also the agenda of the latest AMPO meeting Statewide:
http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/safetealu/factsheets/statewide.htm