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Pollution TransportPollution Transportfrom Other Air from Other Air
BasinsBasins
San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution
Control District
September 20, 2007
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Northern Domain(CCOS & CRPAQS)
Ozone Attainment
• Modeling is based on domain-wide reductions
• How could strategies in other air basins impact/help Valley attainment?
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Transport from Recent Wildfires
• Day Fire – Fall 2006
• Zaca Fire, Moonlight Fire, Lick Fire – Summer 2007
• Biscuit Fire and McNally Fire – Summer 2002
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Day FireDay FireSeptember 18, 2006
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Zaca FireZaca FireAugust 13, 2007
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Zaca FireZaca FireAugust 14, 2007
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Moonlight and Lick Fires
Moonlight & Lick FireSeptember 05, 2007
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Moonlight and Lick Fires
Moonlight & Lick FireSeptember 06, 2007
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Butler 2 Fire
•
Biscuit and McNally Fires July 29, 2002
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Wildfire Impactson Air Quality
• Particulate matter (soot & ash)• Precursors (NOx & VOC) form ozone• Plume can also block sunlight and reduce
surface ozone• Many fires impact air quality in the Valley
every year• What attainment challenges result from
wildfires?
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Does Wildfire Smoke Resemble Urban Plume?
• Since wildfire emissions can travel from other districts, can anthropogenic emissions?
• What meteorological conditions are required to transport from these directions?
• Do we observe worse pollution on these types of days?
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What We Know About Transport
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Transport Couples
• Air travels moreroutes than identified by ARB
• Are thereair quality impactsfrom unidentifiedregions?
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CCOSModeling can
be used to evaluate
transport from Bay Area and
Sacramento
As the ozone forms…
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…Moves into the Valley…
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…And into the Mountain Counties.
This episode also tracks a major wildfire
to the southeast.
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What We Have Learned From Previous Studies
Methods - tracers, modeling, windflow & timing• ARB triennial review last done 2001
– Ozone 1-hour windflow and timing only• 1990 SJVAQS Tracers & Modeling
– Tracer study: Bay transport to Mountain Counties, later attributed to SJV
– Transport evaluated & reported in Policy Findings & SJV 1-hour ozone attainment SIP
• 2000 CCOS– Transport working group – no final products– Analyzed for 8-hour compliance by domainwide
reductions for SIP, no transport analysis completed
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What Has Been Done to Mitigate Transport
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Transport Mitigation• State law to reduce ozone transport between
basins: requires ARB to identify basin transport couples and set action requirements
• District BARCT regulations to reduce transport emissions are the most stringent in the state
• Lawsuits filed by District for failure to provide relief from pollutant transport received from Bay Area:
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New Issues and Remaining Questions
Regarding Transport
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Northern DomainNorthern Domain
Southern Domain
Modeling• Transport between
domains was not considered
• How do precursors and ozone move between the separate domains?
• How could this impact air quality?
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Questions• Are historical 1-hour ozone transport
evaluations appropriate for 8-hour ozone?• Is there a relationship between “clean”
days in upwind areas and “dirty” days in downwind areas?
• How much ozone above the surface is carryover and how much is transport?
• How far can pollutants travel and how long can they persist?
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Questions, continued• What types of transport events occur in
the Valley?
• How much impact do other districts have on the Valley during these events?
• How often do these events occur?– Understanding the type and frequency of
events can help us prioritize control strategies
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Recommended Next Steps
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General Questions
• How much impact do other regions have on Valley air quality?
• Can the Valley meet the federal 8-hour ozone standard faster with reductions in other districts?
• What measures could be implemented by other districts to achieve attainment ahead of schedule?
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Action Plan Development
• Identify federal, state, and local resources for evaluating air pollutant transport
• District analysis of existing data for 8-hour events and air pollutant transport couples
– Internal efforts, infrastructure and staffing– External contracting
• Review of upwind district BARCT measures• ARB triennial review
– Include non-peak 8-hour ozone exceedances– Better methods & more clarity in findings
• Future air quality study: CEC/NOAA 2010
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Recommendations
1. Develop an action plan to:– Better quantify the impact of air pollution transport
from all neighboring air basins – Determine if reductions from other districts would
enable the District to attain the federal 8-hour ozone standard earlier
– Identify all feasible control measures for significant sources in neighboring districts that transport air to the District
Submit action plan no later than first quarter of 2008
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Recommendations
2. Pursue all available legislative and legal remedies to ensure that air basins that transport air pollution into the Valley are subject to equivalent requirements as the District