1 POP Method An Approach to Enhance the Security and Privacy of RFID Systems Used in Product Lifecycle with an Anonymous Ownership Transferring Mechanism Advanced Information Systems Engineering Lab Saitama University, Japan 2007-March-13 S.K.K.H. Sabaragamuwa, S. M. Reza, J. Miura, Y. Goto, and J. S.K.K.H. Sabaragamuwa, S. M. Reza, J. Miura, Y. Goto, and J. Cheng Cheng Department of Information and Computer Sciences, Department of Information and Computer Sciences, Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan Saitama University, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan {krishan, selim, miura, gotoh, cheng}@aise.ics.saitama-u.ac.jp {krishan, selim, miura, gotoh, cheng}@aise.ics.saitama-u.ac.jp
Transcript
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POP MethodAn Approach to Enhance the Security and Privacy
of RFID Systems Used in Product Lifecycle with an Anonymous Ownership Transferring
Mechanism
Advanced Information Systems Engineering LabSaitama University, Japan2007-March-13
S.K.K.H. Sabaragamuwa, S. M. Reza, J. Miura, Y. Goto, and J. ChengS.K.K.H. Sabaragamuwa, S. M. Reza, J. Miura, Y. Goto, and J. ChengDepartment of Information and Computer Sciences,Department of Information and Computer Sciences,
The goal is to originate a way to enhance the security and privacy of RFID tagged products in product life cycle by enabling ownership transferring mechanism with novel communicational protocol.
Objectives1. Discover a security & privacy enhanced communication
mechanism for RFID tagged products in product lifecycle.
2. Define application layer protocols for RFID communication in product life cycle.
3. Derive an ownership transferring mechanism for RFID tagged products throughout the product life cycle
The secret stored inside the RFID tag may be read/modified by more than one party who may or may not allow to access it.
Therefore the RFID tagging creates the security risks and privacy threats for the individuals as well as for corporations throughout the product lifecycle.
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Why does the problem occur? The same passive tag is used throughout product life cycle
from the point of production up-to the product recycling.
It is easy to buy a RFID tagged product and find out the information inside the tag by reverse engineering it.
Since the RFID signal range is larger and contact-less, communication between tags and readers are susceptible to interference and interception.
It is unable to employ strong security mechanisms on passive tags as they are low in computational power & programmability, small in memory capacity, and also constraint by cost.
Tags cannot be switched-off and also tag answers without the agreement of their bearers.
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Motivation
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Why we must solve the problem?-I
Almost every thing in the world is to be uniquely numbered by embedding a RFID tag as the process automation efficiency and usability can be improved.
It is the passive tag, which are acceptable to be used in the domain of product lifecycle as the cost constraints exists.
Extensive use of RFID tags has been limited as it creates threats to security and privacy.
Corporate and individual privacy Data/information and communication security
No proper mechanism to transfer the ownership and also to allow the multiple authorizations of tagged products.
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Easy access and autonomous Can improve the automated processing Will greatly reduce the need for manual scanning
Efficient Tracking is possible Can store fairly decent information set
Item’s serial number, Color, Size, Manufacture date and Current price, as well as a list of all distribution points the item touched before arriving at a store.
Solution Outline Assumptions Product lifecycle Tag memory Proposed flow of tagged products Point of Sales After purchase Ownership Transference Multiple authorization Characteristics of proposed solution Communication protocols Recycling of tagged products
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Assumptions Proper radio communication is available Tags are having rewritable memory Tags are having 10000~15000 total gate count Capability of reading and writing Able to Disable or Kill the tag at the POS (Point of Sales) Interrogator (Reader) should have the writing capability Tags memory capacity should be at least 512 bits
including minimum programmable memory of 256 bits 96bits for EPC and 16 bits CRC 80bits for Authentication Key 48bits for Shared Secret key
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Product Manufacturer
Distributors/Resellers/Warehouses
Retail Stores
Recycling of Products
Logistics
Customer 2nd 3rd 4th
Product Usage
Customer sells the product to
another customer
Logistics
Product lifecycle1
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(5) Retail Store (6) Customer(4) Logistics(3) Warehouse(2) Logistics(1) Production
BarcodePassive RFID Tag
Gen 2 ISO 18000-6
Productive RFID use throughout the product life cycle
Customer Card & PIN number PIN number will be assigned to for 48 bit Shared Secret
key Card key will be assigned to 80 bits Authentication key By swiping the card and key-in the PIN number once for
all items purchase at any given time. The card and the PIN number will allow smart home
appliances to protect the security and privacy Disable the tag
No more use of RFID tag after the purchase
EEPCS48 bits
K80 bits
Encryption & Decryption
Other Parts of the TagDisable Disable EnableEnable
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After purchaseSmart appliances with RFID tags
Each smart device at home will consist of Key pad and proximity or swipe card reader to input your shared secrets
Each smart device will have their own database and reader in it
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Transferring ownership Seller will have to swipe his card and enter his PIN
number for the product to trusted transferring point Buyer will have to swipe his card key and enter his
PIN number
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Multiple authorization This is necessary in case of product recall, repair or
return
Since these actions should carry out with the consent of the owner of the product each party who expect to read the product tag need to transfer the ownership to proceed
Security Proper authentication before reading or writing Changing the shared secrets in defined frequency Usage of nonce makes duplication extremely difficult Cryptographic key is 80 bits long
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Protocol outline
1. Reading the EPC
2. Disabling the Tag
3. Changing Shared Secret
4. Changing Cryptographic Key
5. Changing both Shared Secret and Cryptographic key
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Protocol outline
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Protocol outline
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Recycling of tagged products
Each product to be recycled should change the tag data as follows
Should assign NULL for two Secrets
S:=NULLK:=NULL
Same method can be used in each stage to remove the damaged products
EEPC
Encryption & Decryption
Other Parts of the Tag
K S
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Contribution
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Devise New process flow for RFID tagged products Re-assigning method of shared secrets when changing hands
over the product lifecycle
Anonymous ownership transferring method for tagged products even after purchase without using database
New protocols for secured authentication, reading and writing of data in RFID tag
Introduced security and privacy enhanced use of RFID tagged products from production to its recycling
A method for recycling RFID tagged products using the same structure
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Conclusion
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Conclusion
Allow anonymous ownership transference
Enhance security
Protect privacy
Single protocol and light weight algorithm is used
throughout the product life cycle
No need to implement multiple authorization
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The POP (Product flow with Ownership transferring Protocol) Method
Is an approach to enhance the security and privacy of RFID tagged products in product lifecycle by enabling anonymous ownership transference. It requires the tag to have a rewritable memory and a simple logic circuit. These requirements are practical and easy to implement though currently cost constraint exists.
Conclusion
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Thank you very much for your
attention !!!.....
Thank you very much for your
attention !!!.....
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Q & A
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Thank youThank you
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K. H. S. Sabaragamu Koralalage, Mohammed Reza Selim, Junichi Miura, Yuichi Goto, and Jingde Cheng: POP Method: An Approach to Enhance the Security and Privacy of RFID Systems Used in Product Lifecycle with an Anonymous Ownership Transferring Mechanism, Proceedings of the 22nd Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC '07), pp. 270-275, Seoul, Korea, ACM Press, March 2007.
