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1
Power Resource Management
with assistance of
Kevin Gawne
Karl Reznichek
and
Dave Cormie
2
Basics of Hydroelectric Generation
3
Hydroelectric Generating Station
Flow
Forebay
Tailrace
Powerhouse
Dam
Spillway
4
Cross Section of a Typical Hydro Unit
Forebay
Tailrace
Generator
Hea
d (H
)
Flow (Q)
Efficiency (e)
Power = Flow x Head x efficiency x constant
Turbine
Vertical Axis
5
Introduction toManitoba Hydro System
6
Alberta ManitobaSaskatchewan
Minnesota
North Dakota
Montana
South Dakota
SaskatchewanNelson River Local
Upper Churchill
Red
Lower Churchill
Winnipeg
Nelson and Churchill River Drainage Basins
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HVdc
System MapTotal Installed Capacity 5480 MW
Jenpeg
SelkirkBrandon
Grand Rapids
Limestone
Long SpruceKettle
Laurie River
Kelsey
Pine FallsGreat FallsMcArthur FallsSeven SistersPointe du BoisSlave Falls
LakeWinnipeg
Southern Indian Lake
Split L.
Stephens L.
70% of Capacity on Lower Nelson River: - Kettle (1232 MW) - Long Spruce (1023 MW) - Limestone (1330 MW)
Jenpeg
Cross Lake
Kiskitto Lake
Kisk
ittog
isu
Lake
Playgreen Lake
PlaygreenLake
Cross Lake
Norway House
Warren LandingLake Winnipeg
2-Mile Channel
8-Mile Channel
OminawinBypass
N
Nelso
n R W
est
Channel
Nel
son
R E
ast
Cha
nnel
•
•
•
Lake Winnipeg Regulation
More than 90%Hydraulic Based Generation
8
Interconnected Transmission System
9
Candidate Plants
- Wuskwatim (200 MW)
- Gull (630 MW)
- Conawapa (1400 MW)
Potential NewGenerationand HVdc
Winnipeg
Wuskwatim
Gull
Conawapa
New HVdc
10
Variability of Hydraulic Supply(inflows measured as energy equivalent)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
An
nu
al E
ne
rgy
in T
Wh
Last 12 Months of Inflows(Feb 1, 2003 to Jan 31, 2004)
1940/1941 Drought
Manitoba Consumption
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Wet: Winnipeg River June 8-10, 2002 Precipitation
12
Wet …
13
Wet: June 2002Upper English River at Sioux Lookout
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Wet: Spill at Pointe du Bois, 2002
15
Dry: Winter 02/03 Precipitation% of normal
16
Dry: Lake of the Woods, 2003
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Flow Forecasting
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Load Forecasting
Load is related to time of year, day of week, hour of day, temperature, other
Manitoba LoadTuesday 9 am
1500
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3250
3500
3750
4000
-35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Temperature in C
Lo
ad in
MW
Heating CoolingHeating Cooling
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Market Forecast
YEAR
2001200019991998 19971996 1995
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WINTER WINTERSUMMER
DEMAND
WATERSUPPLY
DEMAND
SU
PP
LY
AN
D D
EM
AN
D
Water Supply &Manitoba Electrical Demand
21
Manitoba and Export Demand(a typical week)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
MW
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
EXPORT
Real Time
Day Ahead
Forward
Manitoba
22
Power Resource Management
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Power Resource Management
• Manage Manitoba Hydro’s system of reservoirs, hydro stations, thermal stations, and tielines in the most economic and secure manner possible
• Meet or exceed regulatory requirements• Consider environment and waterway users
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- domestic load- exports- outages- losses
- inflows, storage, coal, gas- imports- plant capability
UncertaintyLicences
Social and Environmental
Power Resource Management
SUPPLY DEMAND
Resource ManagementDecisions
25
Decisions
• Hydraulic stations (generate or spill?)• Thermal stations (generate?)• Reservoirs (store or release?)• Energy (buy or sell?)
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Uncertain Aspects
• Inflows into reservoirs• Manitoba load• Ice effects on river hydraulics• Export/import market prices• Thermal fuel costs
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Key Resource Management Decision -Lake Winnipeg Outflow
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Decision Considerations
• Multi-stakeholder– e.g. Lake of the Woods
• Multi-jurisdictional– Saskatchewan R. (AB, SK, MB)– Winnipeg R. (USA, ON, MB)
• Environment• Transportation• Recreation
Addressed through: • Boards, Licences, Agreements,
Programs, Facilities, Operating Guidelines
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System ModelRat Rapids DamLake St. Joseph
Lake St. Joseph * 1.00
Lac Seul Local * 1.00English River * 1.00
Sturgeon R. at McDougall * 1.00
Chukuni River * 1.00Trout Lake River * 1.00
Cedar River * 1.77Ear Falls Adjustment * 1.00
Cedar River * 2.62Wabigoon River * 1.00
Long Legged River * 1.00
Sturgeon R. at Salveson * 0.64
Sturgeon R. at Salveson * 1.63
Sturgeon R. at Salveson * 1.46
Whiteshell River * 2.69
Bird River * 1.00Whitemouth River * 1.00
Whiteshell River * 2.43
Bird River * 1.14
Assiniboine River * 0.00Berens Pigeon Rivers * 1.25
Bloodvein River * 1.00Fairford River * 1.00Gunisao River * 2.18
Lake Winnipeg Local * 1.00Poplar River * 1.38
Red River at Lockport * 1.00Kettle River * 3.23
Kettle River * 1.07
Kettle River * 0.99
Odei River * 1.54Grass River * 1.00Kettle River * 0.84Split Lake Adj. * 1.00
Burntwood River* 1.00
Upper Nelson RiverAdjustment * 0.495
Gunisao River * 1.012Upper Nelson RiverAdjustment * 0.505
Laurie River * 1.00Lac La Croix * 1.00
Namakan Lake Local * 1.00
Rainy Lake Local * 1.00
Lake of the WoodsLocal * 1.00
Sturgeon R. at Salveson * 0.96
Saskatchewan River * 1.00Saskatchewan River Local * 1.00
Lac La Croix
Namakan River
Namakan Lake
Kettle Falls
Rainy Lake
Fort Frances
Lake of the Woods
Norman Dam
Sand Lake
Whitedog Falls Spillway
Whitedog FallsPowerhouse
Caribou FallsSpillway
Pointe du Bois Forebay
Pointe du Bois
Slave Falls Forebay
Slave Falls
Natalie Lake
Seven Sisters
Lac Du Bonnet
McArthur
Great Falls Forebay
Great Falls
Pine Falls Forebay
Pine Falls
Cedar Lake
Grand Rapids
Hudson Bay
Limestone
Limestone Forebay
Long Spruce
Long Spruce Forebay
Kettle
Stephens Lake
Split Lake Outlet
Split Lake
Kelsey Forebay
Kelsey
ThompsonSeaplane Base
BurntwoodRiver
Sipiwesk Lake Outlet
Sipiwesk Lake
Cross Lake Outlet
Cross Lake
Jenpeg
Jenpeg Forebay
Nelson West ChannelNelson EastChannel
Lake Winnipeg
Laurie River Forebay Laurie River
HERMESManitoba Hydro System Hydraulic Schematic
EMMA
LEGEND
Generating Station
Lake Inflow
Outlet
Control
Lake
Pakwash Lake
Manitou FallsPowerhouse
Manitou FallsSpillway
Ball Lake
Ball Lake Outlet
Separation Lake
Separation Lake Outlet
Umfreville Lake
Caribou Falls Powerhouse
Root River Dam
Lac SeulEar Falls
Wpg. River Adj. * 1.00
Rev. No. Date File Name
1 2003/10/07 MH_System_HERMES_Schematic.ppt
30
System Model
• Decision variables
• reservoir storage (STt), • turbine release (Rt), • spill (St) • produced energy (HEs,t), • imported energy (IEs,t), and • exported energy (EEs,t).
31
System Model
, , , , , ,( s t s t s t s t s t s t t t T Tt s
Maximize HC HE EB EE IC IE SC S B ST
• Objective function
HCs,t - the hydro energy production cost; EBs,t - the export energy benefit;ICs,t - the import energy cost; SCt - the cost of spilling water; and BT - the benefit from saving the water for future
production.
32
System Model
• Nonlinear hydro production function
• Linearized by assuming a constant value for the head (H) and efficiency (e).
• Iterative Linear Programming optimization
( , )E Q H t e Q H
33
System Model
• Other constraints– Flow continuity
– Tieline load
– Supply and demand
1t t t t tST ST R S I
, ,
,( )s t s t
s t t
IE RATIO EML
IEF EEF EE EEF DPS
, , , , ,s t s t s t s t t s tHE IE EE L DPS W
34
System Model
– Minimum storage
– Maximum storage
– Hydro energy relation to release
ˆ( , )t t tST MAX STMIN ST VARYMX
ˆ( , )t t tST MIN STMAX ST VARYMX
,( ) ( ) 0s t t ts
HE ERF STMAX R
35
System Model
• Linear Programming Optimization– 100’s of decision variables– 1,000’s of constraints– 1,000,000’s of dollars benefits for the utility and
residents of Manitoba• Optimal use of power resource• Taking advantage of the system structure• Taking advantage of energy market
36