1 PRESENTATIONS BY THE PARTNER INSTITUTIONS OF THE JOINT SUMMIT WORKING GROUP – JSWG...

1

PRESENTATIONS BY THE PARTNER INSTITUTIONS OF THEJOINT SUMMIT WORKING GROUP – JSWG

INTER-AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK

(Promoting Human Prosperity: Progress, Challenges and Future Priorities)

SUMMIT IMPLEMENTATION REVIEW GROUP (SIRG) OEA/Ser.EThird Regular Meeting of 2008 GRIC/O.3/Inf.3/08September 18-19, 2008 18 September 2008Bridgetown, Barbados Original: English(Hilton Barbados Hotel)

2

Promoting Human Prosperity: Promoting Human Prosperity: Progress, Challenges and Future Progress, Challenges and Future

PrioritiesPriorities

Ian Ho-A-Shu, Social Development Specialist (HQ)Social Protection and Health DivisionInter-American Development Bank

3

The PresentationThe Presentation

• Poverty trends in LAC. Key challenges Poverty trends in LAC. Key challenges and priority areas.and priority areas.

• Education and Health trends in LAC. Education and Health trends in LAC. Key challenges and priority areasKey challenges and priority areas

• Labor market trends in LAC. Key Labor market trends in LAC. Key challenges and priority areas. challenges and priority areas.

• Closing commentsClosing comments

4

Poverty: Poverty: Progress, Progress, Challenges, Challenges, Strategic Strategic PrioritiesPriorities

Education and Education and Health: Health: Progress, Progress, Challenges, Challenges, Strategic Strategic PrioritiesPrioritiesLabor markets: Labor markets: Progress, Progress, Challenges, Challenges, Strategic Strategic PrioritiesPriorities

Final CommentsFinal Comments

Poverty rates and the number of Poverty rates and the number of poor people have declined poor people have declined

dramatically worldwidedramatically worldwide

Poverty Rates (%)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1970 1980 1990 1998

2 US/day

1 US/day

Number of Poor People (millions)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1970 1980 1990 1998

2 US/day

1 US/day

Source: Sala-i-Martin, NBER Working Paper 8933

5




……but not so in Latin Americabut not so in Latin America

Poverty Rates 2US/day

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1970 1980 1990 1998

Source: Sala-i-Martin, NBER Working Paper 8933

World

Latin America

6




Current poverty rates are Current poverty rates are not much lower than in 1980not much lower than in 1980

Latin America: Trends in Poverty and IndigenceLatin America: Trends in Poverty and Indigence /a /a (percentage of individuals)(percentage of individuals)

14.714.715.415.416.916.9

19.419.418.518.51919

22.522.5

18.618.6

00

1010

2020

3030

4040

5050

6060

19801980 19901990 19971997 19991999 20022002 20042004 20052005 2006b/2006b/

IndigentIndigent Non-indigentNon-indigent

a/ Estimates for 18 countries of the region plus Haiti. a/ Estimates for 18 countries of the region plus Haiti. b/ Projections.b/ Projections.Source: ECLAC (2006). Social Panorama of Latin America 2006. Briefing paper. Source: ECLAC (2006). Social Panorama of Latin America 2006. Briefing paper.

40.540.5

48.348.343.543.5 43.843.8 4444

424239.839.8 38.538.5

7




This partly reflects low This partly reflects low growth ratesgrowth rates

8




……and income concentrationand income concentration

30.630.6

31.831.8

34.534.5

40.840.8

44.744.7

44.144.1

49.549.5

52.852.8

54.654.6

57.657.6

58.058.0

58.658.6

00 1010 2020 3030 4040 5050 6060 7070

PakistanPakistan

BangladeshBangladesh

PolandPoland

United StatesUnited States

ChinaChina

VenezuelaVenezuela

MexicoMexico

ArgentinaArgentina

PeruPeru

ChileChile

BrazilBrazil

ColombiaColombia

Gini Coefficient, 2000 or latest year availableGini Coefficient, 2000 or latest year available

Source: World Bank (2006).Source: World Bank (2006).

9




Non-income aspects of development Non-income aspects of development have improved slowlyhave improved slowly

aMediansNote:Latin America and the Caribbean corresponds to the 26 countries members of the IDB .Source: UNDP (2006). Humand Development Report.

Human Development Index (0 – 1 Scale)

0.760.71

0.67

0.74

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

1975 1985 1995 2004

LACDevelopedDeveloped AfricaEast AsiaEast Asia Rest of AsiaEastern EuropeEastern EuropeMiddle EastMiddle East

10




……but FPI in LAC may further impact but FPI in LAC may further impact poverty and human developmentpoverty and human development

Food Price Index Increases (%)January 2006 - March 2008

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Bahamas

Barbados

Peru

Mexico

Belize

Brazil

ElSalvador

Ecuador

Panama

Colombia

Chile

Argentina

Guatemala

Honduras

Haiti

Guyana

Uruguay

Bolivia

Costa Rica

Jamaica

Paraguay

Nicaragua

Trinidad&Tobago

Venezuela

%

LAC average

11




Strategic Priorities in Poverty Strategic Priorities in Poverty reductionreduction

• Increase equity and coverage in Social Protection Increase equity and coverage in Social Protection Systems (SPS)Systems (SPS)

• Increase effectiveness of SPS: reduce program Increase effectiveness of SPS: reduce program fragmentation and duplications, reduce administrative fragmentation and duplications, reduce administrative costs, increase accountability.costs, increase accountability.

• Continue efforts to mainstream monitoring, evaluation Continue efforts to mainstream monitoring, evaluation and in general the measurement of the effectiveness, and in general the measurement of the effectiveness, impact and sustainability of social policies and impact and sustainability of social policies and programs. programs.

• Promote demand of health, nutrition and education Promote demand of health, nutrition and education services through information and incentives. services through information and incentives. (Conditional Cash Transfer programs)(Conditional Cash Transfer programs)

• In short: Strengthen Social Safety Nets, and in In short: Strengthen Social Safety Nets, and in particular, Conditional Cash Transfer Programs in particular, Conditional Cash Transfer Programs in the Regionthe Region. .

12




Conditional Cash Transfer programsConditional Cash Transfer programs

13




Education Accomplishment: AccessEducation Accomplishment: AccessEducation systems through LAC have almost all primary age students attending school

Net Enrollment Rate for Primary Education

14




Education Challenges: Education Challenges: QualityQuality

Cognitive level of students lags behind that observed in countries at similar levels of income per capita

PISA 2006 results on science and level of income

Australia

AustriaBelgium

Canada

Czech Republic

Denmark

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Iceland

Ireland

Italy

Japan

Korea

Mexico

Netherlands

New Zealand

Norway

Poland

Portugal

Slovak Republic SpainSweden

Switzerland

Turkey

United Kingdom

United States

400

425

450

475

500

525

550

575

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000

GDP per capita (USD using PPPs)

Argentina

Source: OECD PISA 2006

15




Education Challenges: Education Challenges: EquityEquity

Significant income-related inequality in access, learning and overall educational results

Primary completion rates: Share of youths 15-24 years with a primary school degree

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Poorest Quintile

Richest Quintile

Source: Houselhold Surveys 2002-2006, SEDLAC

16




TertiaryTertiarySecondarySecondaryPrimaryPrimaryPreschoolPreschool

Education Priority AreasEducation Priority Areas

Quality of TeachersQuality of Teachers

School to Work School to Work TransitionTransition

Readiness to Readiness to LearnLearn

IDB EDUCATION

17




Health has had outstanding Health has had outstanding improvementsimprovements

Life Expectancy*

5562

71

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1950s 1970-75 2000-05

* AveragesSource: UNDP (various years). Human Development Report.


18




……and infant mortality is converging and infant mortality is converging fast to OECD levelsfast to OECD levels

Infant Mortality (Per 1000 live births)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

1970 1980 1990 2004

Source: UNDP (various years). Human Development Report.


19




Burden of disease by clusters Burden of disease by clusters of causes in LAC (2002)of causes in LAC (2002)1.1. Infectious Infectious

diseases, diseases, maternal and maternal and birth related birth related causes, acute causes, acute malnutritionmalnutrition

2.2. Chronic Chronic diseasesdiseases

3.3. External Causes External Causes and Violenceand Violence

264%

122%

314%

……nevertheless, new challenges emerge…nevertheless, new challenges emerge…

20




Strategic priorities in healthStrategic priorities in health

• Supporting the establishment of national health priorities, Supporting the establishment of national health priorities, linked with epidemiological profile and needs of the poor and linked with epidemiological profile and needs of the poor and excludedexcluded

• Strengthening the supervisory and regulatory role of the Strengthening the supervisory and regulatory role of the Health MinistriesHealth Ministries

• Separating financing and service delivery functionsSeparating financing and service delivery functions

• Improving the effectiveness of the services through primary Improving the effectiveness of the services through primary health carehealth care

• Regional initiatives: nutritional, epidemiological surveillance, Regional initiatives: nutritional, epidemiological surveillance, prevention of HIV/AIDS in mobile populations, drugs prevention of HIV/AIDS in mobile populations, drugs management and procurement, national health accounts etc.management and procurement, national health accounts etc.

• Malnutrition: Chronic undernutrition affects 8.8 million children Malnutrition: Chronic undernutrition affects 8.8 million children under 5, particularly in Central America and Andean countries under 5, particularly in Central America and Andean countries

21




Labor markets in LAC in recent years Labor markets in LAC in recent years

show reason for cautious optimism…show reason for cautious optimism…

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 20068

8.5

9

9.5

10

10.5

11

11.5

12

GDP Growth Urban Unemployment

22




Unemployment, low wages, and employment Unemployment, low wages, and employment instability are the main labor problems in Latin instability are the main labor problems in Latin

America.America.Most important problem in your country

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%

Discriminación racial

Medio ambiente

Transporte

Problemas de vivienda

Tráfico de drogas

Problemas de salud

Violaciones derechos humanoa

Consumo de drogas

Falta de oportunidades para jóvenes

Inflación

Baja calidad en la educación

Terrorismo/ violencia política

Bajos salarios

Inestabilidad laboral

Delincuencia /Insecuridad

Pobreza

Corrupción Desempleo

De: Latinobarometro, IPES, BID

23




Strategic PrioritiesStrategic PrioritiesAccelerate the creation of decent jobs and

improve growth rates in the region

How?• Increasing the efficiency with which workers are matched

to jobs Ease reallocation through effective Labor Intermediation Systems.

• Adequately insuring workers against the risks of high job rotation Provide feasible and adequate income protection that do not penalize work/production.

• Enhancing the opportunities of workers by increasing their skills. Training systems and emphasis on basic education

• Improve the labor administration capacity to register, enforce and evaluate labor laws and regulations

24




Thank youThank you

www.iadb.orgwww.iadb.org

Date post:	11-Jan-2016
Category:	Documents
Upload:	kristina-white
View:	219 times
Download:	0 times

1 PRESENTATIONS BY THE PARTNER INSTITUTIONS OF THE JOINT SUMMIT WORKING GROUP – JSWG...

Documents