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PROCESS ESSAY
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PROCESS ESSAY
*BRIEF DEFINITION:o the careful, detailed explanation of a
particular procedure
*TYPES of PROCESS-ANALYSIS: o DIRECTIVE: how to perform a task
o *you will write this type of process essayo how to change of flat tire
o INFORMATIVE: explain how something workso how the gulf stream works
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TRAITS
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Process Essay VS
First 3 Essays
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*DESCRIPTIVE:
o dominant impressiono sense details with similes (to support DI)o arranged spatiallyo pan like a camera
PROCESS ESSAY vs. FIRST ESSAYS
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PROCESS ESSAY vs. FIRST ESSAYS
*ILLUSTRATIVE:
o reasons, proof, examples o supported by stats, anecdotes, instanceso arranged logically, emphatically o emphatic order—save the best for last
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PROCESS ESSAY vs. FIRST ESSAYS
*NARRATIVE:
o narrative details of a moralistic storyo arranged chronologicallyo linear time sequence—beginning, middle,
end
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*PROCESS-ANALYSIS ESSAY:
o detailed steps in a processo arranged chronologicallyo step by step by stepo use description, narration, illustrationo use transitions between steps
o AND…..
PROCESS ESSAY vs. FIRST ESSAYS
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YOU, YOU, YOU
* The Process Essay is the only one in which you are directly addressing the reader, so get all the you’s out of your system now.
o you, you, you, you, you o “you are” o “you’re” is NOT allowed (no contractions)o “UR” is NOT allowed (no text-messaging lingo)o “your” is allowed
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POV
“YOU”o 2ND-person POVo directly addressing the reader
“I”o 1st-person POV (*more informational process essay)o speaking from personal experience (*more Narrative)
“YOU” with “I” (*recommendation*)o directly addressing the reader (“YOU”)o offering personal examples for illustration (“I”)o “For example, I prefer to add my fabric softener at
the end of the third cycle.”
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INTRODUCTION
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INTRODUCTION
**SCENARIO:
o Create a context for this process o What situation would dictate the reader
needing to know how to perform this task?o Why should the reader know how to do this
activity?o purpose: answer the “so what?!” factor
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INTRODUCTION
*OVERVIEW:Now that you have gained our interest and
created a need by virtue of the scenario, now tell us exactly what we are in for in an overview of the entire process—
o How many steps?o What is the difficulty level?o How long should it take?o Divide into recognizable partso Describe the result (sense details; “After following my
easy, five-step process, you will have safely, properly changed your flat tire.”)
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INTRODUCTION
**PURPOSE STATEMENT:o like a thesis statemento what essay will concern o why readers should doo combine “overview” with your purpose to
get a thesis statement:
purpose: answer the “so what?!” factor
In six easy steps that should take you approximately ten minutes, you can create a
new, exciting, flattering look for yourself.
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INTRODUCTION
**PURPOSE STATEMENT:
DO NOT ANNOUNCE:o Rather than “I am going to tell you how to
make this” OR “In this essay I will show you how,”
o Write “If you follow this easy six-step process, you will be able to create…”.
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INTRODUCTION
*EXAMPLES OF CREATING A SCENARIO & INTRODUCING THE TOPIC:
o Have you ever been driving home late at night on a dark, deserted road out of cell phone range when you felt the car pulling sharply to one side and you heard the unmistakable thumping sound of a flat tire?
o End Intro with Purpose Statemento BODY’s 1st sentence: The first step in
changing a tire is to….
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BODY
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BODY
*COHERENCE:
o *CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER do NOT place steps out of sequence no “But before that” if a step comes before another, then place it
before the other
o *TRANSITIONS
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BODY: Coherence: Transitions
FORMS:
o Transitions often come in the following forms: o SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS: since,
because, if, when, althougho COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS: and, but,
yet, or, nor, for, soo PREPOSITIONS: after, during, behind,
beyond, duringo ADVERBS: once, never, always, frequently
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BODY: Coherence: Transitions
Transitions for the Process-Analysis Essay:Time and Sequence/Order
o First, second, thirdo Next, then, finally, lastlyo After, afterwards, following, o At this time, at this pointo Simultaneously, concurrentlyo Subsequently, while, meanwhileo When, during, immediately, now, later, in the
future, earlier, sometimes, always, never, whenever, once
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BODY: Coherence: Transitions
* Examples of transitions in a process essay:
1) First, pull off the road a safe distance from any possible traffic, and park on a flat surface.
2) Next, put the car in park and put on your emergency brake.
3) Then, after you activate your four-ways, you must gather all the necessary equipment, such as a flash light, crow bar, jack, and, of course, spare tire. All these items should be located in your trunk.
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BODY
*STEP-BY-STEP:
o assume nothingo presume your audience = NOVICESo reader knows nothing about your topico reader has never performed this task before
o DIRECTIVE (how-to, technical writing)
vs/
INFORMATIVE (close to narrative)
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BODY
*THIS IS AN ESSAY, SO…
o *NO LISTS*o *NO RECIPES (keep in essay format)o *do not forget the ARTICLES (a, an, the)o *do not forget the INTRODUCTION &
CONCLUSION paragraphs
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BODY
*DETAILS:
STEP #1: gather all materials 1st o items should NOT just magically appear in the
middle of the processo list them as “items in a series” & not as a
bulleted or numbered list
“HOW EXACTLY” o don’t skip over stepso remember, readers have never done this
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BODY
*DETAILS:
o PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE: since this is not necessarily a 5-paragraph
essay, group steps into related PHASES/STAGES (like the Narrative Essay)
o use DESCRIPTIVE DETAILS
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BODY
*FLAVOR:
o make PERSONAL SUGGESTIONS or PREFERENCES (if no specific brand/flavor is required) (i.e., amount of salt)
o make TIPS (better use a pot holder)o give SPECIFIC INSTANCE if “it depends”o briefly explain the REASON for a step if it is
not obvious (do this to prevent a mess)
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BODY
*GRAMMAR:
o spell “INGREDIENTS” correctlyo no “THINGS” (steps, tasks) (items, utensils)o 350 degrees (not the symbol for degrees)o medium-sized pan (hyphen, -ed)o “THEN” = not a conjunction (use “, and then”)o COMMAS (“Introductory subordinate clause,”)
(between two I.C. joined by a C.C.)o COLONS (“First, gather the following
ingredients: milk, sugar, and flour.”)
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CONCLUSION
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CONCLUSION
*CONSIDER THE PROCESS AS A WHOLE:
o repeat/reference the PURPOSE of your process (why did you tell us how to do this) (scenario)
Process-as-a-whole: o #/difficulty of stepso *total TIME of processo *describe the FINISHED PRODUCT (smells,
taste, sight, feel, sound)
o CLINCHER SENTENCE
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LITMUS TEST
*** CAN THE READER DO IT? ***
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Life is a
PROCESSESSAY
(cognitive & social development)
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TOPICS
related tocognitive & social
development
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TOPIC PROMPTS
*PERSONAL PROTECTION:o How to handle inappropriate and/or
unwanted sexual advances at work, school, social setting
o How to defend yourself if attackedo How to determine that you are in and/or how
to leave an abusive relationshipo How to catch your significant other cheatingo How to get a PFAo How to win a custody battle
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TOPIC PROMPTS
*PERSONAL IMPROVEMENT:o How to quit smoking o How to determine that you have a
drug/alcohol problem AND how get help with ito How to deal with the death of a loved oneo How to start overo How to begin a diet, exercise regimeno How to train for your first 5k, 5-miler…o How to perform a basic dance step o How to find a new apartment/house
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TOPIC PROMPTS
*PERSONAL MAKE-OVER:o How to give yourself a manicure, pedicureo How to prepare a special bubble bath, facialo How properly to wax, tano How to cut, treat, wash, perm, highlight your
hairo How to have a tattoo removedo How to buy a used or new car
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TOPIC PROMPTS
*PERSONAL EDIFICATION:o Take Notes o Studyo Prepare for a Test, Mid-Term or Final Examo Prepare for a Job Interview o Create a RÉSUMÉo Deal with Stress (in a healthy manner)o Deal with a Death in the Family (and school)
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TOPIC PROMPTS
*PERSONAL OCCUPATION:o Job Orientation/Trainingo As if you are training someone on his/her
first day on the jobo How to total the register, scan, waitress, bus
tables, prepare dishes, create a display, unload a truck, stock shelves, stack a pallet, bundle cardboard…
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TOPIC PROMPTS
*PERSONAL INDISCRETION:
On the Dark Sideo How to plagiarize (and not get caught)o How to cheat on a testo How to cheat on your significant othero How to tell a lieo How to commit the perfect crime/murdero How to get out of a speeding ticketo How to file for ARDo How to fail a particular course
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PREWRITING
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PREWRITING
1) LISTS:
3 tasks done at work each time
3 technical/electrical/mechanical skills
3 tasks you have done for yourself lately
3 weekly chores
3 foods you like to make
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PREWRITING
2) STEPS:
Brainstorm.
List every step in the process.
Number the steps in chronological order.
List related sense details.
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PREWRITING
3) BEFORE YOU WRITE:
Do the process yourself.
Details are then fresh in your mind & you will not skip any steps.
Plus, suggestions make themselves apparent.
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SAMPLE PROCESSES
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How to Change a Flat Tire www.americredit.com/.../Learn2ChangeFlatTire.htm
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How to Change a Flat Tire
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How to Make MACARONI & CHEESE
STEP
#1
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STEP #2
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STEP #3
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STEP #4
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STEP #5
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STEP #6
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STEP #7
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CONCLUSION
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OTHER PROCESSES
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OTHER PROCESSES
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HOW TO BE A STARLOOK, SOUND, PLAY, SMELL, TALK or SING
COUNTRY,
BLUES,
ROCK’N’ROLL,
GOTH,
PUNK,
GRUNGE,
RAP,
HIP-HOP,
’80s HAIR BAND, ….