1 | Program Name or Ancillary Text eere.energy.gov

Water Power Peer Review

Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center

Belinda A. Batten

Oregon State Universitybelinda.batten@oregonstate.edu, 541.737.94922 November 2011Oregon State University & University of Washington

2 | Wind and Water Power Program eere.energy.gov

Purpose, Objectives, & Integration

NNMREC’s mission is to facilitate the commercialization of marine energy technology, inform regulatory and policy decisions, and to close key gaps in scientific understanding with a focus on student growth and development.

NNMREC’s Project Objectives:• Develop facilities to serve as integrated test Center for

wave & tidal energy developers • Evaluate potential environmental and ecosystem impacts• Optimize devices and arrays for deployment• Improve forecasting • Increase reliability and survivability

3 | Wind and Water Power Program eere.energy.gov

Purpose, Objectives, & Integration

Internal Program Integration:• Monthly PI videoconferences• Annual meetings• Bi-weekly marine forums• Websites for information dissemination

External Program Integration includes partnerships with:• Industry• National Labs• Other universities• Standards committees

4 | Wind and Water Power Program eere.energy.gov

Technical Approach

Field Studies

Laboratory/Scale Model Tests

At-Sea Test Facility

Numerical Modeling

WEC Under Test

To sh

ore

statio

n

Wave Measuring Instrument

100 m

Umbilical

Power & fiber optic

Loadbanks

DAS & Telemetry

Power Conversion

Cable via J-tube to front compartment

6m NOMADBuoy

5 | Wind and Water Power Program eere.energy.gov

Technical Approach

Environmental

Sediment Transport

Marine Mammals

Benthic Ecosystems

EMF and Acoustics

Site Characterization Social

Fisheries/Crabbing

Outreach/Engagement

Existing Ocean Users

Local/Oregon Economy

Technical

Testing/Demonstration

Wave Forecasting

Survivability/Reliability

Advanced Materials

Device/Array Optimization

6 | Wind and Water Power Program eere.energy.gov

Plan, Schedule, & Budget

Schedule• Initiation date: 15 September 2008 (contracted March 2009)• Planned completion date: 14 March 2014• Milestones: Year 2/3 has 25 milestones

– On target with 21 – 4 delayed related to “Integrated and Standardized Test Facility”; delays in design and environmental clearance– Anticipate contract for test berth build in next 2 months; then on-track with milestones by mid 2012

• Go/no-go meeting 6 December 2011 for Phase III Funding (15 March 2012 – 14 March 2014)

Budget:• As of 11 July 2011, 68% of the federal share and 47% of cost match spent in 78% of time

on contract• Expenditures roughly 50-50 federal and cost match(see below).• Cost match expenditures increase substantially once test berth is complete

(approximately March 2012)

Budget History

FY2009 FY2010 FY2011

DOE Cost-share DOE Cost-share DOE Cost-share

$476K $430K $1,800K $1,594K $2538K $2,620K

7 | Wind and Water Power Program eere.energy.gov

Accomplishments and Results

• Completed pre-design and feasibility study for 1MW floating mobile ocean test berth (MOTB) vs. cable-to-shore approach;

• Developed a phased ocean wave test facility development plan – Newport Site open for testing in 2012; Concept development for cabled ocean tidal test facility;

• Worked with NREL on testing protocol and instrumentation development processes;

• Tested two different wave technologies in OSU scaled test facilities in the current funding period; and

• Prototyped Sea Spider instrumentation package: 31,000 hours deployment – no instrumentation lost

Develop Facilities to Serve as Integrated Test Center for Wave & Tidal Energy Developers

8 | Wind and Water Power Program eere.energy.gov

Accomplishments and Results

• Developed initial nearshore wave and current model for WEC array sites;

• Developed estimates of nearshore wave field deviations due to test berth induced perturbations;

• Open ocean test facility environmental characterization

• Convened workshop on environmental effects for tidal energy development

• Developed physically-based models of an open-ocean/estuary tidal system incorporating tidal energy extraction.

Evaluate Potential Environmental and Ecosystem Impacts

9 | Wind and Water Power Program eere.energy.gov

Accomplishments and Results

• Developed reference model in Matlab/simulink for OPT-type device for hydrodynamics and power take-off;

• Modeled array effects for tidal devices; modeled WEC array validated by tank testing

• Developed fully nonlinear fluid-structure interaction code for near field and for intermediate field; and

• Developed vertical axis turbine as prototyping & teaching tool

Optimize Devices and Arrays for Development

10 | Wind and Water Power Program eere.energy.gov

• Only wind forecasts used to predict wave conditions

• Bottom friction and wind effects are minimal on OR shelf

• Forecast error for wave height ~10-15%

• Daily 84-hour forecasts for OR coast now coming online: NANOOS web page

H (m)

2.5 months

Accomplishments and Results

Improve Forecasting – Wave Energy

11 | Wind and Water Power Program eere.energy.gov

Accomplishments and Results

Instrumentation Deployments: April ‘09-Present

Methodology Development

Methodology Implementation

50 m

Improve “Forecasting” – Tidal Energy

12 | Wind and Water Power Program eere.energy.gov

Accomplishments and Results

Instrumentation Deployments: April ‘09-Present

Methodology Development

Methodology Implementation

Siting Data for Snohomish PUD

Standards

50 m

Improve “Forecasting” – Tidal Energy

13 | Wind and Water Power Program eere.energy.gov

Accomplishments and Results

Foul Release Test (Hempel SA)

Composite Aging Test

Significant loss of stiffness and strength may occur in

less than 12 months

No biofouling after 9 months deployment

Reliability and Survivability

14 | Wind and Water Power Program eere.energy.gov

Challenges to Date

Lack of validation data for laboratory/numerical studies due to delay of pilot projects•Develop at-sea test facilities to generate validation data

•Partner with regulatory agencies and industry

Limited resources to support development of at-sea test facilities

•Pursue complimentary funding for first US grid connected test berth site (both wave & tidal)•Develop phased open ocean testing facility plans for wave energy converters

14

Newport, Oregon

Yaquina Bay

Yaquina Head

Territorial Sea (3nm)

Final 1x1 nm site

NEPA study area

15 | Wind and Water Power Program eere.energy.gov

Next Steps

Tidal Energy: NNMREC Phase 3

Pursue research enabling short-term and long-term cost of energy reductions for tidal energy

Design conditions: quantification of turbulence, protocols to calculate design loads

Device spacing: empirical rules for device spacing based on experimental/field validation of numerical simulations

Acoustic effects: field characterization of turbine noise, validated methodology for pre-installation estimation of acoustic effects

Extractable resource: protocols for implementing tidal power extraction in regional numerical models

Compliant moorings: dynamic and control considerations for deep-water moorings

16 | Wind and Water Power Program eere.energy.gov

Next Steps

Wave Energy: NNMREC Phase 3

Continue research efforts advancing industry toward commercialization

Test site Development: Newport site open 2012; feasibility study for grid connected site; site selection

Characterize impact of WEC deployment: environmental (ecological & physical) effects research enabled by devices in water

Device, Array & PTO modeling: Develop analysis tools for design of WEC devices/arrays; numerical code development with validation

Control of devices and arrays: further work in life extending control, array operation

Industry support: protocols development, scaled wave tank and open ocean testing, standards development

17 | Wind and Water Power Program eere.energy.gov

• BACKUP SLIDES

18 | Wind and Water Power Program eere.energy.gov

Accomplishments and Results

Tidal Energy: Enabling Data-Driven Investigation

SS #01 (April 2009)Proof of Concept

Core NNMREC

SS #02 and #03(August 2010)

Acoustic Effects StudyDOE FOA w/ Snohomish PUD

SS #05 and #06 (May 2011)

Active Sonar EvaluationBOEMRE/NOAA/DOE NOPP

31,500 deployment hours – no lost instrumentation

19 | Wind and Water Power Program eere.energy.gov

Accomplishments and Results

Tidal Energy: Array Optimization and Spacing

Cross-sectional Variation

Wake Evolution

Constant vorticity contours around two turbines

Critical driver for cost of energy

20 | Wind and Water Power Program eere.energy.gov

Accomplishments and Results

Tidal Energy: Extractable Resource Modeling

Salinity and velocity in idealized estuary

Idealized model of estuarine – fjord – open ocean system with energy extraction

ChallengeChallenge

Energy removal effects govern the upper limit for resource assessment, but are difficult to model

Technical ApproachTechnical Approach