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Programming Application
Overview of Structure Programming
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C Program
#include <stdio.h>int main ( ){ printf(“ Hello”); return (0);}
Preprocessor Directive
Function header
Function body
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Standard Data Types in C
Integral Types represent whole numbers and their negatives declared as int, short, or long
Floating Types represent real numbers with a decimal point declared as float, or double
Character Types represent single characters declared as char
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Place Holders%d for an int
%c for a char
%f for a float
int age = 8;double height = 1.13;printf(“ Age is %d and height is %f “, age , height ) ;
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Examples
Write a program to ask the user for the
width and length of a piece of land and
then tell him how many orange trees he
can grow on it. Given that each orange
tree requires 4 m2.
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Some Math functions ( pages 98, 619 )
sin(x) cos(x) tan(x)
sqrt(x) pow(x,y)
log(x) log10(x) exp(x)
fabs(x) floor(x) ceil(x)
Write a program to get the third side of a triangle (a), given the lengths of the other two sides (b, and c), and the angle using the formula
a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cos
b
rad_angle = alpha * PI / 180;
a = sqrt(pow(b,2) + pow(c,2) – 2 * b * c * cos(rad_angle);
c
a
Math in C complex math example-2
Write a program that reads the value of x and calculates the values of y and z using the following formulas:
,
Control Structures
use logical expressions which may include:
6 Relational Operators
< <= > >= == !=
3 Logical Operators
! && ||
Operator Meaning Associativity
! NOT Right
*, / , % Multiplication, Division, Modulus Left
+ , - Addition, Subtraction Left
< Less than Left
<= Less than or equal to Left
> Greater than Left
>= Greater than or equal to Left
== Is equal to Left
!= Is not equal to Left
&& AND Left
|| OR Left
= Assignment
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Use of blocks recommended
if ( Expression )
{
}
else
{
}
“if clause”
“else clause”
int p, d=4, a=20;
if ((d==4) && (a>24))
{ p=d+a;
printf(“ Low Risk \n”);}
else
{ p=a-d;
printf(“ Low Risk \n”);}
printf(“ the p is = %d”, p);
Trace
The value that printed is
int delta = 0, x = 3;
if (x / 2 = = 1)
delta = delta + x;
x - -;
if (x / 2 = = 0)
delta = delta + x;
x - -;
printf (“ % d “ , delta);
What is value of x when y is 15.0?
x = 25.0;
if (y != (x-10.0) )
x=x-10.0;
else
x=x / 2.0;
What is the value of variable z after the following code is executed?
int w = 5, x = 7, y = 9, z = 1;
if (x % y > = 2 + w)
{
z+ +;
if (y – 3 * w > = - x)
z - -;
else
z + +;
}
else
{
z = - 1;
}
What is the value is assigned to x when y is 15.0?if (y < 15.0) if (y>= 0.0) x=5*y; else x = 2*y;else x= 3 * y;
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If--Else for a mail order
Write a program to calculate the total price of a certain purchase. There is a discount and shipping cost:
The discount rate is 25% and the shipping is 10.00 if purchase is over 100.00.Otherwise, The discount rate is 15% and the shipping is 5.00 pounds.
Write a C program using functions to ask the user to enter two real numbers and read them. Then, your program will display the following menu:
Select an operation:
1. Addition
2. Multiplication
3. Power
The user will select the operation by entering a number from 1 to 3. After that your program will display the entered numbers with the performed operation using functions and the result up. If the selected operation is invalid, display “Invalid operation”.
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ExampleThe Air Force has asked you to write a program to
label aircrafts as military or civilian. Your program input is the plane’s speed and its estimated length. For planes traveling faster than 1100 km/hr, you will label those shorter than 52 m “military”, and longer as “Civilian”. For planes traveling less than 1100, you will issue an “aircraft unknown” statement.
Find the output
if (x > 10)z= z*m;if ( y< 0)p = p *5;printf(“%d%d”, z, p);
if (x > 10)z= z*m;else if ( y< 0)p = p *5;printf(“%d%d”, z, p);
•For x=15, y=-5, z=2, p =3 and m=10, find the output of the following code
Write a program that reads a number in range 0-100 and print ‘F’ if the number is less than 50, ‘P’ if the number is in the range 50-59, and ‘S’ if the number is greater than 65.
Write a complete C program that asks a person for the number of hours he worked in a week and then print out his salary. Given that a person who worked 40 hours or less gets $5 per hour and a person who worked more than 40 hours gets $7 per hour for over 40 hours?
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A factory has some workers and it divides its workers into three skill levels. Unskilled workers receive L.E. 8.15 per hour, semiskilled workers receive L.E. 12.55 an hour, and skilled workers L.E. 18.60 an hour. Write a program to calculate the worker’s weekly pay formatted to two decimal places. Your program input should consist of the hours worked and a skill level indicator for the worker. Then the wage should be displayed.
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int bright ;printf(“Enter the bulb brightness: “);scanf(“%d”, &bright);switch ( bright ){ case 25 : printf(“ Expected Lifetime is 2500 hours”); break; case 40 : case 60 : printf ( “Expected Lifetime is 1000 hours “); break; case 75 : case 100 : printf(“Expected Lifetime is 750 hours “); break; default : printf(“Wrong Input “);}
int bright ;printf(“Enter the bulb brightness: “);scanf(“%d”, &bright);switch ( bright ){ case 25 : printf(“ Expected Lifetime is 2500 hours”); break; case 40 : case 60 : printf ( “Expected Lifetime is 1000 hours “); break; case 75 : case 100 : printf(“Expected Lifetime is 750 hours “); break; default : printf(“Wrong Input “);}
Example
int z; z = 10 + 8 / 3 * 2 + 10 % 3; switch (z) { case 23 : printf(“ Very High”); break; case 21 : printf(“ High “); break; case 18 : printf(“ Med “); break; case 15 : printf(“ Low “); break; case 10 : printf(“ Very Low “); break; default : printf(“ None “); break; }
Find the output int x= 5, y= 2;
char op = ‘*’;
switch (op)
{
case ‘+’ : x = x+y;
case ‘-‘ : x=x- y; break;
case ‘*’ : x= x * y ;
case ‘/’ : x = x / y; break;
default : x =x + 1; break;
}
printf(“ %d % d”, x , y);
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For Loop
SYNTAX
for ( initialization ; test expression ; update )
{
0 or more statements to repeat
}
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Example of Repetition
int num;
for ( num = 1 ; num <= 3 ; num++ )
{
printf( “ % d Potato \n ” , num );
}
Write a program to display all the numbers divisible by 5 in the range 0 to 5000.
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Write a C program that reads in 30 integer numbers and then print out their sum and average
for (int N = 1; N < 10; N++)
{
if ( N % 2 == 0) printf(“X”);
else if ( N % 3 == 0) printf(“Y”);
else printf(“Z”);
}
printf(“End”);
j = 10;
for (i=1; i<=5; ++i)
{
printf(“%d %d \n “, i, j);
j = j-2;
}
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for ( m=1 ; m<=9 ; m=m+2 )
{
x = pow ( m , 2 );
printf(“ %d %d \n “, m , x );
}
Find the output
Write a program that reports the speed of the wind. The program input is 100 speed of wind:
Wind speed Content
Below 25 Not strong
25 - 38 Strong wind
39 - 54 Gale
55 - 72 Whole gale
above 72 Hurricane
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Write a program to ask the user for a
positive integer, and then display its
factorial. Given that factorial(n) is 1 X 2 X
3 …… x n
Example
Write a program that reads 100 integer numbers, determines how many positive and negative values have been read, and computes the average of the input values.
Write a program to calculate and display a table of n vs n3, as shown below:
1 1
2 8
3 27
4 64
5 125
6 216
7 343
8 512
9 729
10 1000
for(k=0; k<5; k++)
{
printf(“**”);
if(k %3 <=2)
{
k++;
}
else
{
printf(“%d \t “, k);
}
A shop need to keep an inventory of its 100 items for sale. Write a console application to input the item code, price and quantity of each item. Then the program displays a neat table of all items (code, price and quantity) with two asterisks ** next to items whose price > 100 pounds, and one asterisk * next to items whose price is between 50 and 100 pounds.
Write a C program that display the number of odd numbers between its two integers:
Integer 1 integer 2 results 1 -2 1 1 5 1 2 4 1 0 10 5
Locate 10 syntax errors in the code and write a correction for each error#include <stdo.h>
float main
int x=2, n;
switch ( 1 <= x < 10 )
case 2: x ++:
case 3: x - -:
for ( n=1 , n<10 , n++ )
{
scanf( %d “ , n, a ) ;
b = = 3a + 1 ) % ( a + ( 18 - a % 3 ) ;
printf(“%d” n x)
}
for (int N = 1; N < 10; N++)
{
if ( N % 2 == 0) printf(“X”);
else if ( N % 3 == 0) printf(“Y”);
else printf(“Z”);
}
printf(“End”);
While Statement
SYNTAX
while ( Expression )
{ .
. /*loop body */
.
}
NOTE: Loop body can be a single statement, a null statement, or a block.
int count ;
count = 4; /* initialize loop variable */
while (count > 0) /* test expression */
{
printf(“ %d \n ”,count ) ; /* repeated action */
count -- ; /*update loop variable */
}
printf( “Done” ) ;
Count-controlled Loop
Find output n = 5; j = 1; while ( j < 4 ) { if ( n >= 10 ) n = n – 2; else n = n * j; j++; } printf ( “ The n is % d ” , n);
Example
write a program that reads in the grades of
50 students in a course (out of 100 points
each ) and then count the number of A
students ( grade > 85 ) and the number of B
students (grade > 75 ).
Example Write a C program that read ten integers
from the keyboard and returns the number of positive integers including zero?
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To produce the output: 8 17 35 71, the condition of while loop should be:
int N = 8;
do{
printf(“%d”, N);
N = N * 2 + 1;
} while ( ? ? ? ?);
N <= 71 2) N < 71 3) N < 35 4) N > = 8 5) N > 143
6) none of the above
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Do-While Statement
Is a looping control structure in which the loop condition is tested after each iteration of the loop.
SYNTAX
do{
Statements
} while ( Expression ) ;
Loop body statement can be a single statement or a block.
Trace length = 10; count = 2; while ( count < 5 ) { if ( length >= 10 ) length = length – 2; else length = length * count; count++; } printf ( “ The length is % d ” , length);
if x < 3
printf ( “Small value” ) ;
while ( 1 <= x < 10 )
x ++;
for ( n=1 , n<10 , n++ )
printf( “ n = %d \n “ , n ) ;
x = ( 3 + 4 ) / ( 3 * ( 7 + 2 ) ;
while ( a > 5 ) ;
{
printf ( “ * ” ) ;
a = a - 3 ;
}
Tracem = 1;
prod = 1;do {
prod = prod * m ;m = m + 1 ;
}while ( m < 6 ) ;printf (“ prod is %d \n “, prod )
n = 0 ; sum1 = 0 ;sum2 = 0 ;while ( n < 10 ) {
if ( n % 3 = = 0 )sum1 = sum1 + n ;
if ( n % 2 = = 0 )sum2 = sum2 + n ;
n++; }
printf ( “ sum1 = %d \n ” , sum1 ) ;printf ( “ sum2 = %d \n ” , sum2 ) ;
#include<stdio.h>
main( )
{
int x=2, y=2, k=1;
do
{
y = y * x;
printf(“k = %d y = %d \n”, k, y);
y = y – k;
printf(“k = %d y = %d \n”, k, y);
k = k + 1;
}
while (k < 4);
}
int I = 12, J = 0; while ( I > 8) { I = I -1; J = J + I; } Printf( “ % d % d”, I ,J);
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ExampleA sensitive drug cannot sustain a change in temperature of
more than 30o C in a 24-hour period. The temperatures
are monitored and recorded every two hours. Write
console application the laboratory technician can use
once a day to determine whether or not to throw the drug
away.
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Example
In one university, it has a rule that at least 75% of student
in each course must pass. This means that the pass
mark for each course will differ. Write a program that
will read 100 students’ marks and determine the pass
mark.
58
Example
A shuttle bus operates between two terminals
of an airport, departing every hour and half-
hour. Write a program that is given a time
(e.g. 2116), it will calculate how long it is
until the next bus departs (e.g. 14).
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Example Assume you put 1000 pounds in a projects
that returns a profit of about 5% per year. How long will it take for your money to double ?
Assume you put 5000 pounds in a projects that returns a profit of about 10% per year. How much money will you have in 5 years ?
Find the outputfor (i=1; i<5; i++)
{
for (j=0; j<I; j++)
printf("%d", i+j);
}
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Example
A librarian covers books with plastic. She has a roll of plastic
2.2m wide and 100 m long. Books range between
20x14cm and 21x30cm and a book needs twice its size
plus a border of 4cm of plastic. As books come in, she
works across the roll. When book does not fit (first
horizontally, then vertically) she cuts a straight line across
the plastic and starts a new row. Generate random book
size and show for 20 books how the plastic will be used.
Write a C program to calculate the following formula for any given n. The program should read n from the user.
n
xxxx n
2...
6421
2642
Example A year with 366 days is called a leap year. A year is
a leap year if it is divisible by 4 (for example, 1980). However, since the introduction of the Gregorian calendar on October 15, 1582, a year is not a leap year if it is divisible by 100 (for example, 1900); however, it is a leap year if it is divisible by 400 (for example, 2000). Write a boolean method in C# (not a whole class) that accepts an int argument called “year” and returns true if the year is a leap year and false otherwise.
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