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1
Recommendations for Requiring Student Owned Notebook Computers
Rich Goosen Product Design Engineering Technology
2/29/2008
2
Typical Motivations
• More efficient facility use
• Allows optimization for a specific program
• Enhances program image
• Can reduce institutional costs
• Improves learning
• Promotes computer literacy
• Little reason not to
3
Typical Problems
• Difficult to change institutional attitudes
• Threatens existing infrastructure• Can require additional
infrastructure• Increases student costs• Difficult to develop university
standards that balance cost & performance requirements
4
Notebook Computers in PDET at FSU
• Idea developed circa 1995• Motivated by;
– Lack of solid modeling software consensus
– Lack of computer lab. capacity– Lack of available time for conventional lab.
format classes– Need to increase hands-on learning
• Student attitudes monitored since 1997• Implemented in January 2001
5
Program Details
• Student computer choice – program specifications
• Required by January of 3rd year• Software license (stand alone)
provided by program• Technical support by program
faculty only• Power provided at student
workstations
6
Start Up Problems
• No software agreement
• Hardware limitations
• Organizational resistance– Leadership concerns– IT concerns
• The Technology Fee
• Windows ME
77
Student Class Survey Student Class Survey DataData
88
Available DataAvailable Data
Collected over a 7 year period (2001 Collected over a 7 year period (2001 thru 2007)thru 2007)
Each class surveyed after completing Each class surveyed after completing one semester of class using one semester of class using notebook PCsnotebook PCs
133 survey records available to date133 survey records available to date
99
Importance of ChoiceImportance of Choice
Is allowing students to Is allowing students to select their own laptop PC select their own laptop PC
a positive factor?a positive factor?
1010
““How important is it for students to How important is it for students to have the option of selecting a laptop have the option of selecting a laptop
of their of their choicechoice?”?”
1= Very Important1= Very Important 5= Not Important5= Not Important
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
Student Choice
0
20
40
60
80
Fre
qu
en
cy
Student Choice
Student Choice
78 58.6 60.0 60.0
37 27.8 28.5 88.5
6 4.5 4.6 93.1
5 3.8 3.8 96.9
4 3.0 3.1 100.0
130 97.7 100.0
3 2.3
133 100.0
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
Total
Valid
SystemMissing
Total
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
1111
ConclusionConclusion
Students feel that being able to Students feel that being able to select a laptop computer of their select a laptop computer of their choice is important.choice is important.
1212
Laptop PC OperationLaptop PC Operation
Can a laptop PC satisfactorily Can a laptop PC satisfactorily operate the required software operate the required software
applications?applications?
1313
““Describe your laptop PC’s Describe your laptop PC’s operation running PRO-E.”operation running PRO-E.”
1= No Problems1= No Problems 3= Adequate 3= Adequate
5= Unacceptable5= Unacceptable
1.00 1.50 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00
Operation
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Fre
qu
ency
Operation
Operation
52 39.1 40.0 40.0
2 1.5 1.5 41.5
43 32.3 33.1 74.6
24 18.0 18.5 93.1
7 5.3 5.4 98.5
2 1.5 1.5 100.0
130 97.7 100.0
3 2.3
133 100.0
1.000
1.500
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.000
Total
Valid
SystemMissing
Total
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
1414
ConclusionConclusion
Student laptop computers were able Student laptop computers were able to operate the primary application to operate the primary application software adequately or better for software adequately or better for nearly all (93%) of the students.nearly all (93%) of the students.
1515
Program ImageProgram Image
Do students think that Do students think that requiring a laptop PC is a requiring a laptop PC is a positive or a negative for positive or a negative for
perspective students?perspective students?
1616
““For a student considering entering For a student considering entering the PDET Program do you think the the PDET Program do you think the
laptop PC requirement is a ;”laptop PC requirement is a ;”
1= A positive factor1= A positive factor 5= A negative 5= A negative factorfactor
1.0 2.0 3.0 3.5 4.0 5.0
New Student +/-
0
10
20
30
40
50
Fre
qu
ency
New Student +/-
New Student +/-
47 35.3 36.2 36.2
40 30.1 30.8 66.9
20 15.0 15.4 82.3
2 1.5 1.5 83.8
18 13.5 13.8 97.7
3 2.3 2.3 100.0
130 97.7 100.0
3 2.3
133 100.0
1.00
2.00
3.00
3.50
4.00
5.00
Total
Valid
SystemMissing
Total
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
1717
ConclusionConclusion
Most students (67%) Most students (67%) participating in participating in the program the program think the laptop PC think the laptop PC requirement is a positive factor for requirement is a positive factor for those selecting an academic those selecting an academic program.program.
1818
Student SatisfactionStudent SatisfactionMeasuresMeasures
How do students feel about using laptop How do students feel about using laptop PCs in class?PCs in class?
How do students feel about being How do students feel about being required to have one?required to have one?
1919
Parallel QuestionsParallel Questions
““Overall, how do you feel about Overall, how do you feel about conducting this course using laptops, conducting this course using laptops, compared to computer lab based compared to computer lab based classes ?” classes ?”
1= prefer laptop1= prefer laptop 5= prefer lab 5= prefer lab ““Overall do you think PDET classes Overall do you think PDET classes
using student owned laptop PCs are:”using student owned laptop PCs are:” 1= good idea1= good idea 5= bad idea 5= bad idea
2020
Parallel ResultsParallel Results
1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00
Laptop Course Eval.
0
20
40
60
80
Fre
qu
ency
Laptop Course Eval.
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
Overall Evaluation
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Fre
qu
ency
Overall Evaluation
2121
Parallel ResultsParallel Results
Laptop Course Eval.
77 57.9 57.9 57.9
31 23.3 23.3 81.2
14 10.5 10.5 91.7
7 5.3 5.3 97.0
4 3.0 3.0 100.0
133 100.0 100.0
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.000
Total
ValidFrequency Percent Valid Percent
CumulativePercent
1= prefer laptop1= prefer laptop 1= good idea 1= good idea
5= prefer lab 5= prefer lab 5= bad idea 5= bad idea
Overall Evaluation
68 51.1 52.3 52.3
36 27.1 27.7 80.0
18 13.5 13.8 93.8
7 5.3 5.4 99.2
1 .8 .8 100.0
130 97.7 100.0
3 2.3
133 100.0
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
Total
Valid
SystemMissing
Total
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
2222
ConclusionConclusion
Most students taking a laptop Most students taking a laptop computer class prefer classes using computer class prefer classes using laptop computers (91%) and do not laptop computers (91%) and do not mind being required to have them mind being required to have them (93%).(93%).
2323
Cost Impact to Cost Impact to StudentsStudents
What level of financial burden What level of financial burden does requiring a laptop PC does requiring a laptop PC
have on students?have on students?
2424
Notes on Cost Impact EvaluationNotes on Cost Impact Evaluation
Cost data not available for Winter Cost data not available for Winter 2001.2001.
Estimated new retail cost of a Estimated new retail cost of a suitable laptop PC in Fall 2001 = suitable laptop PC in Fall 2001 = $1199, Feb 2008 = $749$1199, Feb 2008 = $749
Data represents 86 total responsesData represents 86 total responses
2525
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 0
Class Year
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Lap
top
Co
st
110
126
133
112
2626
ConclusionsConclusions
Current students spend about $1200 Current students spend about $1200 for a new laptop PC.for a new laptop PC.
Students historically spend more Students historically spend more than required.than required.
2727
Which Notebook PCs do Which Notebook PCs do Students Prefer ?Students Prefer ?
2828
Who is the Preferred VendorWho is the Preferred Vendor
0Dell
HPToshiba
IBMGateway
CompaqSony
NECFujitsu
SagerE machine
1213
Laptop Manf.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Fre
qu
ency
Laptop Manf.
2929
ConclusionConclusion
DELL is the vendor clearly preferred DELL is the vendor clearly preferred by students.by students.
3030
Out of Class AccessOut of Class Access
How much time do students spend How much time do students spend operating the target software outside operating the target software outside of class?of class?
How much laboratory classroom How much laboratory classroom utilization is saved by using notebook utilization is saved by using notebook PCs?PCs?
3131
““For each hour of class, about how For each hour of class, about how much out of class time did you spend much out of class time did you spend
using Pro-E? ____ hours”using Pro-E? ____ hours”
Descriptives
2.18 .109
1.97
2.40
2.12
2.00
1.510
1.229
0
6
6
2
.722 .216
.542 .428
Mean
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
95% ConfidenceInterval for Mean
5% Trimmed Mean
Median
Variance
Std. Deviation
Minimum
Maximum
Range
Interquartile Range
Skewness
Kurtosis
Out of Class TimeStatistic Std. Error
3232
ConclusionConclusion
For the course evaluated students report For the course evaluated students report spending an average of 2.18 hours out of spending an average of 2.18 hours out of class working with the target software for class working with the target software for each class hour.each class hour.
For equivalent access during class time For equivalent access during class time this 1+3 class would require a 1+12 this 1+3 class would require a 1+12 format. format.
Four Hours of Four Hours of classroomclassroom use would require use would require 13 hours of 13 hours of computer labcomputer lab access. access.
33
Lessons & Observations
• It can hurt to be first• Software licensing is
critical• Hardware must be
adequate for software• Hardware failure is
rare• Notebook batteries
are problematic
34
Lessons & Observations (continued)
• Internet access must be controlled
• Largest Problem – Internet pollution
• Best Instructor location – behind the class
• Notebook computers are becoming equivalent to calculators
35
Lessons & Observations (continued)
• Students are all familiar with PCs
• Many students have bad PC habits
• Students are PC fault tolerant
• Students will find a way to get what they want
36
Lessons & Observations (continued)
• Students use their notebook PCs for much more than school
• Few students use their notebook PCs to take notes in class
• Students prefer to have their own notebook PC
• Students want to select their own notebook PC