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Renewable Energy AND Youth Employment

By Prof. M.N. Reddy

Chairman

Swamy Ramananda Tirtha Rural InstituteJalalpur(V), Pochampally(M), Nalgonda District-508284

Andhra Pradesh, India

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Energy Energy, Economy & Environment are the three

inter-related areas having direct correlation for development of any nation. Per capita energy consumption is an index for development of any Nation.

Per capita energy consumption in our country is about 400 units which is very low compared to per capita consumption of developed nations which is about 8000 units.

Power generation with conventional sources has certain limitations and also associated with environmental problems.

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Disadvantages & Limitations Of Conventional Energy

* Resources are limited and may not be able to meet the increase future demand

* Emission of “Green house” gasses from thermal power stations

* Submersion of low lying areas in Hydel power* Consumption of fossil fuels towards transportation

of raw material i.e. coal for thermal power stations* Centralised power generation results in high losses

in transmission & distribution* De-forestation will have adverse effect on climate

change

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Resources and Technologies of Renewable Energy

Solar Wind Biomass Small Hydro Waste to Energy: Municipal Solid / Liquid Waste,

Industrial Waste Bio Diesel OTEC (Ocean Thermal Energy) Wave Energy Geo-thermal energy Fuel Cell Technologies

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Advantages of Renewable Energy Technologies

* Resources are everlasting

* No environmental concern problems

* Modular in nature

* No T & D losses

* Tailor made power generation system to cater to customer needs

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Solar Energy

Sun radiates 180 billion MW of energy over the earth per day.

The three exclusive technologies for utilising solar energy are:-

Solar photovoltaic technology Solar Thermal technology Solar Passive architecture

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Solar Photovoltaic• This technology facilitates in converting the solar

energy into electrical energy and is being used for applications like

– Lighting

Solar Lanterns Solar Street Lights

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Solar lanterns offer best alternative to kerosene lamps, gas lamps and conventional emergency lights.

Portable, light and suitable for use in both indoor and outdoor applications

Solar Lanterns provide opportunity to rural youth for establishing centralised charging system to charge set of lanterns and lease them on daily rental basis. They can also establish sales and service centres.

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– Water pumpingSolar Pumps are useful for agriculture, horticulture and drinking water purpose.

They can draw water from open wells, bore wells and streams.

These systems functions during clear sunny days without any battery back-up.

Solar Water Pump System

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A 1 Hp/ 2 Hp surface mounted pump can give yield of 70,000/ 140000 ltrs per day at 10 meters total head.The SPV submersible pump of different capacities are also available. The capacity ranges from 300 W upto 1800 W SPV array attached with DC/ AC submersible pumps for lifting from varying depths. This are suitable for horticulture farms with drip irrigation. These pumps are also used for drinking water applicationsThere is an employment potential basically in the after-sales service and maintenance of these systems.

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– communication systems– Remote area villages electrification– Telecom applications– Traffic signalling– Railway signalling systems etc.

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- +

+- +- load

Stand Alone DC System

Solar Energy Functional Block Diagram

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=

~

- +

Stand alone AC Solar Power system

+- +- load

Solar Energy Stand Alone AC System

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Solar thermal technology

The process involves utilising heat energy from solar radiation for heating, cooking, drying applications and power generation etc.– Solar water heating system

Flat Plate Solar Water Heating System

Vaccum Tube Solar Water Heating System

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Solar flat plate collector model water heating systems consists of solar panels having collectors which have selective coated fins to absorb heat from solar radiation and transmitting same to water passing through the copper tubes attached to the fins. The water so heated is stored in an insulated tank making it possible to get hot water all 24 hours.These systems are available in capacities of 100 Litres per day (LPD) and in multiples of hundred to any capacity.

Are ideal to replace geysers in domestic and commercial sector i.e hotels, nursing homes, hostels etc., and also in industries as boiler feed water for pre- heating.

 The manufacturing, installation and after sales service of these systems provide good opportunity for youth employment.

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TYPES OF SOLAR COOKERS

BOX TYPE SOLAR COOKER

DISH TYPE SOLAR COOKER (SK-14)

COMMUNITY SOLAR COOKER FOR INDOOR COOKING (SCHEFFLER)

SOLAR STEAM COOKING

–Solar cooking system

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* Solar Box Type cookers are suitable for small sized families and designed in various models with “two”, “three” or “four” cooking vessels.

* The food is cooked at lower temperatures ranging from 1100 to 1400 C preserving the nutritious value.

a) BOX TYPE

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* No personal attention required during the cooking process. After cooking is completed it acts like hot-box keeping the food warm.

* Depending on number of vessels coking can be made at 3-4 items at once.

* Introducing such cookers in a large scale can contribute to conservation of fire wood, kerosene, LPG etc., …….. resulting in better environment and employment generation for youth, who can be involved in marketing and after sales service.

 

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b) Prababolic Dish Type

* Different sizes of these models are available to suit the customer requirements. Such cookers can also help in reducing the crisis of conventional fuels. These can be used for income generation by catering the needs of small communities for cooking purpose at village and small town levels. They can replace kerosene stoves normally being used by road side vendors.

* In Parabolic Solar Cookers the solar rays are concentrated on the cooking vessel, which is painted black, and placed at the focal point of the parabolic dish. Due to higher temperature, cooking is faster than in box cooker and frying etc, is possible.

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c) Community Cookers:

This model facilitates coking food for 50 people. The cooking can be inside the kitchen. This systems can be installed in residential schools, canteens etc.

* It enables cooking comforts in the kitchen. All items can be cooked including frying, baking etc.,

* Solar Community Cookers are ideal for hostels, hospitals, hotels, mid-day meal programs for schools and hostels etc. One Solar dish system can cook for 40-- 50 people.

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* The system has automatic sun tracking mechanism and thus needs to be started only “once in morning”------- whole day the dish moves along with the sun just like sun flower.

* One dish can conserve approx 50-100 kg wood per day.

* After Completion of Training:

* Youth can be involved in marketing and undertaking installation job.

* They can also take Annual Maintainance Contract(AMC)

* or

* Operation and Maintenance Contract (O&M ) for the same.

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d) Solar Steam Cooking

For cooking food to 500 and above persons, solar steam cooking with back-up from conventional boiler system can be installed.

We have the world’s largest Solar Steam Cooking system with a capacity to cook 30000 meals every day, which is functioning at Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams” Nityannadanam” scheme.

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Solar Steam Cooking offers a solution when food for more than 500 people needs to be cooked.

It is ideal for large community cooking and not only does it save fuel and environment but also makes cooking convenient and quick in cooking. 

The system is integrated with back-up boiler and thus cooking can be continued even during non-sunshine hours ------ like early morning------ late evening and------ on cloudy days.

The system can be fabricated locally by imparting training to the entrepreneur, who can employ local youth for fabrication, installation and maintenance work.

 

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– Solar Drying System

This is one of the best technologies suitable for creating rural employment.

* DEHYDRATION PROCESS HELPS IN PRESERVATION OF FRUITS, VEGETABLES BY REDUCING THE MOISTURE CONTENT AND IMPROVING THE SHELF LIFE UP TO 6 TO 10 MONTHS PERIOD.

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* Preparation of fruit bars i.e. mango bar, mixed fruit bars, drying of edible forest produce are best suitable applications in rural areas for reducing wastage and income generation to the rural people by gaining value addition.

* Solar Drying in industrial sector is also developed for conservation of fossil fuels, electrical energy and also reduces the cost of processing. Tea leaves drying, Tobacco drying etc. are few applications in industrial sector.

* Cabinet type Solar Dryers are ideal for drying of spices, fruits, vegetables and medicinal products.

* Dryers are available in sizes ranging from 8 kgs to 50 Kgs capacity. Solar Dryers are an ideal system for getting value addition to the items dried in it. The drying process is hygienic and the dried product will also be of better quality compared to open sun drying.

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* These systems can create self employment for rural youth as the produce can be marketed with value addition at local levels and has good export potential to urban areas and abroad. Some youth can become entrepreneurs and can employ local youth for collection, processing, packing, marketing etc.,

* SWAMY RAMANANDA TIRTHA RURAL INSTITUTE HAS ESTABLISHED A “TRAINING-CUM PRODUCTION CENTRE” AT ITS TRANFER OF TECHNOLOGY –L A B TO L A N D ., BY INSTALLING 4-SOLAR DRYERS AS A PART OF CURRICULUM

* SO THAT TRAINEES CAN GAIN FIRST HAND KNOWLEDGE ON ENTERPRENURAL SKILLS FOR STARTING THEIR OWN UNITS

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Solar Water Heating Systems

* Hot water is required for various applications like

* Bathing* Washing* Cooking * Boiler feed water for industrial

application etc.* In Hospitals and Nursing Homes for

sterilisation etc.,

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Solar Water Heating SystemsInstallation of SWHS in all sectors i.e. residential, institutions, commercial, industries etc. will benefit.

Uses:– After the pay back period of investment on solar hot

water which is around 2 to 2 ½ years, at zero energy cost is available for 17 to 18 years more.

– Uninterrupted hot water supply for 24 hours without any waiting time.

National:

– Conservation of electrical energy and other fossil fuels.– Reduction in environment pollution.– Improving the productivity by diverting the energy

conserved for industrial and agriculture sector.

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This technology is applied in building construction activities. Depending on the climate zones solar passive architecture features are incorporated in the building design. This will help in conservation of conventional energy sources up to 30%. Green Business Centre constructed by CII – Godrej at Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh has got platinum rating from G.B.C., U.S.A.

Solar Passive Architecture

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Bio-energy

Bio-gas & improved smokeless wood burning stoves are two important schemes being promoted by Ministry of Non-conventional Energy Sources, New Delhi in rural areas for conservation of the fossil fuels i.e. Firewood, kerosene, L.P.G etc.Bio-gasTwo models of bio-gas plants are being constructed.Low cost “Deenabandu” model for individual familiesFloating drum model bio-gas plant for community and institutional purposes.

The main raw material used for producing Methane gas in this bio-gas plant is animal waste (Dung). Bio-gas plants with kitchen waste and human excretion are also developed and also in use.

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DEENABADHU MODEL BIOGAS PLANT

Biogas plants of family size, community / institutional capacities are available.

Methane gas produced in the biogas plant can be used primarily for cooking, lighting and running IC Engine to generate power or for mechanical application like water pumping running flourmill etc.

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The Biogas plants can be constructed in rural areas for individual families who own sufficient number of cattle.

The slurry which comes as by-product from bio gas plant is rich in Nitrogen content than raw dung which is used as fertiliser in agriculture farms. Construction of bio-gas plant needs services of skilled masons and unskilled workers.

Manufacturing of bio-gas stove and other auxiliary equipment used in the system needs manufacturing facilities.

These activities help in generating employment for skilled and unskilled youth and also developing entrepreneurs who are engaged as specialised agencies in implementing the schemes.

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Improved smokeless wood burning stoves

These models help in improving the thermal efficiency of wood burning stoves and also help in creating smoke free kitchen. They will also help in reducing the consumption of fire-wood and also, helping the children and women from eye and lung diseases caused due to smoke.

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Energy Efficient Wood Burning Devices

Conventional wood burning stove is less efficient thus consumes more fire wood and also emits lot of smoke creating unhygienic environment in the kitchen.

Women and children are getting effected with eye and lung disease due to this smoke.

Improved wood burning stoves are more efficient and consumes less fire wood and also do not emits very less or no smoke.

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There are portable and fixed type models. The fixed type model improved wood burning stoves are constructed by trained workers (who could be local youth both men and women).

The employment potential in construction and distribution is the largest. The portable models can be fabricated in local workshops.

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Grid interactive power generation from Renewable Energy Sources in India

Estimated potential :

• Wind - 45,000 M.W.• Biomass - 52,000 M.W.• Co-generation - 5,000 M.W.• Mini Hydel - 15,000 M.W.• Municipal / Industrial waste - 5,000 M.W.

-------------------1,22,000 M.W.-------------------

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EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNIES:

Swamy Ramananda Tirtha Rural Institute has established Solar Energy labs for training the rural unemployed youth under YES Campaign with the assistance of UNIDO in Feb.2005 and trained about 1080 candidates. both boys and girls.

In addition to the candidates from Andhra Pradesh State, the training programme also attracted the students from other states of India like Meghalaya, Tripura, Nagaland and Chattisghad. The students trained by our Institute are employed by:

      

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Some are recruited by manufacturers of solar systems in Andhra Pradesh and Bangalore, India.

 

Some of them are recruited for marketing the Solar Equipment.

 

Some of them are recruited for hands-on experience and permanent employment in solar panel manufacturing industries in Andhra Pradesh.

 

Some are working as entrepreneurs in maintaining the already existing solar energy systems.

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Training

Demonstration

Implementation of

projects at field level

Maintenance of systems

R &D Activity & designing

new systems

Consultancy services viz.

surveys, system design etc

Establishment of Renewable Energy

Power Plants

Marketing , Retail sales

Outlets/ Aditya shops

Manufacturing

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Creation of smoke free village with solar cookers, Bio gas plants.

Remote area village electrification.

Replacement of kerosene lamps with SPV lanterns.

Solar drying technology for food processing & edible forest produce.

Training of youth in R.E technologies in installation, servicing, providing after sales service.

Conducting awareness programs

Specific areas for YES concern in developing countries:

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“The Earth, The Water and the Air, not a gift to us from our parents but a loan for our children”

An old Indian Saying

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THANK YOU