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Restless Earth

How and why do tectonic plates move?

What are the different types of plate boundary and what hazards

are found there?

Convection currentsfrom the hot outer

core and mantle move

the tectonic plates on

the earths surface

The Iron in the outer core produces

a magnetic field which protects the

earth from radiation from space

Lithosphere

Asthenosphere

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Volcanoes in MEDCs and !EDCs

"apan #MEDC$ Democratic Republic of Con%o #!EDC$

Mt Sakuraima ! found on a destructive

plate "oundar#

Mt $#iragongo ! found on a constructive

plate "oundar#

%apan is a developed countr#& It can

afford to spend mone# on prediction'

protection and evacuation& (hen

Sakuraima does erupt it usuall# does not

cause man# deaths& )omes' crops and

industries will "e destro#ed "ut most

people have insurance and the government

will help to repair the damage&

Congo is a developing countr#& *eople

cannot afford well+"uilt houses' so the#

often collapse& The# do not have insurance&

The government is not a"le to provide

mone# or resources to the people&

Communications are poor' so warnings and

evacuations ma# not happen&

+ %an ,--,. /-- people died 0from

poisonous gases and the lava flow1&

Earth2uakes destro#ed "uildings& 3ver

4--'--- people "ecame refu%ees&

Hi%h economic costs0financial cost of

destro#ing homes and "usinesses1& !esssocial costs0harm to people1

The social costs are much %reateras

death tolls are often higher in thedeveloping world

&rediction

Seismometers. to monitor earth2uakes as

magma rises to the surface

Tiltmeters. to monitor the volcano swelling

as it fills with magma

Aircraft. To measure the amount of gas

given off "# the volcano

'id

The 5nited $ations sent food

T6 appeals in the 57 sent mone# to "e

used for shelter' clean water and

medicines

Emergenc# measles vaccinations were

carried out "# the (orld )ealth

3rganisation

The refugees needed food' shelter andclean water to avoid the spread of diseases

like cholera& This is a "ig pro"lem for

relief workers as most people left their

homes with nothing&

&rotection

Concrete channels. To divert dangerous

8lahar mudflowsConcrete shelters. To protect people from

volcanic "om"s and ash

Evacuation routes. Clearl# signposted&

*eople also have regular drills

Earth(ua)es in MEDCs and !EDCs

Effects 9uildings collapse' killing people 9ridges and roads collapse

:ires "reak out from "roken gas pipes Access for emergenc# services is difficult as transport links are

"locked

Aftershocks are ver# dangerous

;isease can spread with a lack of clean food and water

Tsunamis a ma# occur in coastal areas

Response MEDCs li)e "apan! Long term planning. The# have regular earth2uake drills to educate

people& Emergenc# services practice how to rescue people& *eople

keep emergenc# kits at home 0torch' food' radio1

Man# "uildings in %apan are earth2uake proof ! deep foundations'

strong' fle

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!EDCs li)e Haiti!

The effects are often greater& This is mainl# due to poorl#

constructed "uilding which are more likel# to collapse&

3ften followed "# international response ! countries donate mone#&

The# also send aid and rescue workers as well as tents' medicines'

food and water&