192
Appendix - 2 Baseline Survey AP - 173
Appendix - 2
Baseline Survey
AP - 173
AP - 174
Appendix 2-1
Roles of DNGRH and ARAs in Water Related Disaster
Management
AP - 175
AP - 176
1
Roles o
f DNA an
d AR
As in
Water
Related Disaster M
anagem
ent
Norito
shi M
aeha
raInstitu
tiona
l Develop
men
t Plann
ing
JICA Team
1
Table of Con
tents
•Disaster Cycle
•Ch
aracteristic
s of F
lood
Con
trol M
easures in
Japa
n•Disaster M
anagem
ent M
atrix
•Major Roles of D
NA, ARA
s and
Other Agencies
•Co
nclusio
n•Ch
alleng
es
2
Disaster Cycle
Disaster
Preven
tion/
Mitigatio
n
Prep
ared
ness
Respon
se
Recovery/
Reconstructio
n
3
Characteristic
s of F
lood
Con
trol M
easures in Japa
n•
Focus o
n the preven
tion/ m
itigatio
nstage
•Ho
listic
app
roach from
preventive stage to emergency respon
se and
recovery/ recon
struction.
•A ba
sin‐b
ased
com
preh
ensiv
e flo
od m
anagem
ent p
lan, according
to
the characteristic
s of the
basin
•Co
mbina
tion of "ha
rd (structural)" and
"soft (no
n‐structural"
mea
sures
Preven
tion
Mitigatio
n
Prep
ared
ness
Respon
se
Recovery
Str
uct
ure
&N
on-s
tru
ctu
re
4
AP - 177
2
Red
uctio
n of
Cas
ualti
es b
y C
ontin
uing
Flo
od
Man
agem
ent E
fforts
in J
apan
1
10
100
1,0
00
10,0
00
1945
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
5,0
00
1,9
30
1,8
00
PersonsDeat
h a
nd M
issi
ng
2005
Cathrine Typhoon
Nanki Torrential RainTouyamaru TyphoonIsewan Typhoon
5
Disaster M
anagem
ent M
atrix
Disaster C
ycle
Mea
sures
Major Roles
DNA
ARAs
INGC, IN
AM, o
ther
Preven
tion/
Mitigatio
nNon
‐structural
Structural
Prep
ared
ness
Non
‐structural
Structural
Respon
seNon
‐structural
Structural
Recovery/
Reconstructio
nNon
‐structural
Structural
6
Disaster M
anagem
ent M
atrix
Disaster C
ycle
Mea
sures
Major Roles
DNA
ARAs
INGC, IN
AM, o
ther
Preven
tion/
Mitigatio
nNon
‐structural
Structural
Prep
ared
ness
Non
‐structural
Structural
Respon
seNon
‐structural
Structural
Recovery/
Reconstructio
nNon
‐structural
Structural
7
Preven
tion/ M
itigatio
n(Non
‐structural M
easures) 1/2
DNA
ARAs
INGC, IN
AM, o
ther agencies
Su
pport for fo
rmulation of
flood
man
agem
ent p
lan
Su
pport for plann
ing an
d de
sign
of flood
man
agem
ent facilitie
sCo
llect floo
d inform
ation of
internationa
l rivers from
neighb
oring coun
tries
Ope
ratio
n an
d mainten
ance of d
ams a
nd
barrages fo
r water
utilizatio
n.Organ
izing man
agem
ent
committee
of stakeho
lders
of river b
asin (incl.
internationa
l river basin)
Fo
rmulation of floo
d man
agem
ent p
lan
Plan
ning
and
design of
flood
man
agem
ent
facilities
Co
llect floo
d inform
ation of
internationa
l rivers from
neighb
oring coun
tries
Ope
ratio
n an
d mainten
ance of d
ams a
nd
barrages fo
r water
utilizatio
n.Organ
izing man
agem
ent
committee
of stakeho
lders
of river b
asin (incl.
internationa
l river basin)
Land
use re
gulatio
n to
preven
t flood
dam
age
(Ministry of State
Administratio
n an
d Ministry of Lan
d,
Environm
ent &
Rural
Developm
ent)
Mainten
ance of d
ykes
(Ministry of A
griculture or
water users associatio
n)Ope
ratio
n an
d mainten
ance of d
rainage
facilities incl. draina
ge
pumping
stations (A
IAS an
d mun
icipality
)
8
AP - 178
3
Preven
tion/ M
itigatio
n(Non
‐structural M
easures) 2/2
DNA
ARAs
INGC, IN
AM, o
ther agencies
Upg
rading
floo
d forecasting mod
elPrep
aration of project
prop
osals for don
or
agen
cies to
con
struct and
im
prove flo
od
man
agem
ent facilitie
s
Upg
rading
floo
d forecasting mod
elPrep
aration of project
prop
osals for don
or
agen
cies to
con
struct and
im
prove flo
od
man
agem
ent facilitie
s
9
Disaster M
anagem
ent M
atrix
Disaster C
ycle
Mea
sures
Major Roles
DNA
ARAs
INGC, IN
AM, o
ther
Preven
tion/
Mitigatio
nNon
‐structural
Structural
Prep
ared
ness
Non
‐structural
Structural
Respon
seNon
‐structural
Structural
Recovery/
Reconstructio
nNon
‐structural
Structural
10
Preven
tion/ M
itigatio
n(Structural M
easures) 1/1
DNA
ARAs
INGC, IN
AM, o
ther agencies
Plan
ning
and
con
struction
of dykes
•Oversee
con
struction an
d im
provem
ent o
f dam
(la
rge), b
arrage, sluice, etc.
•Oversee
con
struction an
d im
provem
ent o
f flood
forecasting an
d warning
system
•Oversee
con
struction of
rain water storage facilities
to re
duce floo
d runo
ff (fu
ture ta
sk)
•Oversee
improvem
ent o
f hydrolog
ical observatio
n system
(rain an
d water
level gau
ges)
Plan
ning
and
con
struction
of dykes
•Oversee
con
struction an
d im
provem
ent o
f dam
(small), barrage, sluice, etc.
•Oversee
con
struction an
d im
provem
ent o
f flood
forecasting an
d warning
system
•Co
nstructio
n of ra
in water
storage facilities to redu
ce
flood
runo
ff (fu
ture ta
sk)
•Im
provem
ent o
f hydrolog
ical observatio
n system
(rain an
d water
level gau
ges)
Co
nstructio
n an
d im
prov
emen
t of d
rainage
facilities incl. draina
ge
pumping
stations (A
IAS an
d mun
icipality
)•Im
provem
ent o
f meteo
rological o
bservatio
n system
(INAM
)•Co
nstructio
n an
d im
provem
ent o
f flood
forecasting an
d warning
system
(INAM
, INGC)
11
Disaster M
anagem
ent M
atrix
Disaster C
ycle
Mea
sures
Major Roles
DNA
ARAs
INGC, IN
AM, o
ther
Preven
tion/
Mitigatio
nNon
‐structural
Structural
Prep
ared
ness
Non
‐structural
Structural
Respon
seNon
‐structural
Structural
Recovery/
Reconstructio
nNon
‐structural
Structural
12
AP - 179
4
Prep
ared
ness
(Non
‐structural M
easures) 1/4
DNA
ARAs
INGC, IN
AM, o
ther agencies
Prep
aration of co
ntingency
plan
in hyd
rological aspect
•Prep
aration of business
continua
tion plan
(BCP
) of
DNA (fu
ture ta
sk)
•Co
nclusio
n of M
OU fo
r em
ergency supp
ort w
ith
related organizatio
ns
includ
ing private
constructio
n firms (future
task)
•Prep
aration of floo
d ris
k map
s (future ta
sk)
•Im
plem
entatio
n of ro
utine
disaster drills (jo
in)
•Prov
ision of ra
infall an
d water level information
Setting of stan
dard fo
r issuing evacua
tion orde
r•Prep
aration of business
continua
tion plan
(BCP
) of
ARAs (future task)
•Co
nclusio
n of M
OU fo
r em
ergency supp
ort w
ith
related organizatio
ns
includ
ing private
constructio
n firms (future
task)
•Prep
aration of floo
d ris
k map
s (future ta
sk)
•Pa
rticipation to basin
committee
•Im
plem
entatio
n of ro
utine
disaster drills (jo
in)
Prep
aration of con
tingency
plan
(every m
inistrie
s and
coordina
ted by IN
GC an
d ap
proved
by Assembly)
•Setting of stan
dard fo
r iss
uing
evacuation orde
r (IN
GC, IN
AM)
•Prep
aration of evacuation
plan
(Distric
t, INGC)
•Prep
aration of business
continua
tion plan
(BCP
) (All
administrativ
e levels an
d agen
cies)(future task)
•Co
nclusio
n of M
OU fo
r em
ergency supp
ort w
ith
related organizatio
ns
includ
ing othe
r local
authorities (A
ll related
agen
cies)
13
Prep
ared
ness
(Non
‐structural M
easures) 2/4
DNA
ARAs
INGC, IN
AM, o
ther agencies
•Prov
ision of alert
inform
ation ba
sed on
ha
zard level
•Pa
rticipate SENOE an
d Provincial COE
•Maintain da
taba
se of
rainfall, water level and
discha
rge ob
servation
•Issuan
ce of "Nationa
l Hyd
rological B
ulletin
"•Prep
aration of bud
get
for e
mergency op
eration
•Prov
ision of ra
infall an
d water level information
•Prov
ision of alert
inform
ation ba
sed on
ha
zard level
•Pa
rticipate Provincial COE
•Maintain da
taba
se of
rainfall, water level and
discha
rge ob
servation
•Patrol and
inspectio
n of
river and
hazardo
us areas
•Ra
infall, W
ater level and
discha
rge ob
servation
•Issuan
ce of flood
forecast
and warning
•Prep
aration of bud
get for
emergency op
eration
•Prep
aration an
d dissem
ination of hazard map
s for c
ommun
ity level (INGC)
•Organ
izatio
n of disa
ster
man
agem
ent com
mittee
(IN
GC)
•En
hancem
ent o
f com
mun
ity
based disaster risk
man
agem
ent (CB
DRM) (INGC)
•Im
plem
entatio
n of ro
utine
disaster drills (organ
ized by
INGC an
d pa
rticipation of all
related agen
cies)
•Provision
of rainfall
inform
ation (IN
AM)
•Provision
of a
lert inform
ation
based on
hazard level (INGC)
14
Prep
ared
ness
(Non
‐structural M
easures) 3/4
DNA
ARAs
INGC, IN
AM, o
ther agencies
•Establish
men
t of h
otlin
e with
local autho
rities
(INGC)
•Im
plem
entatio
n of
evacua
tion (Distric
t, Localid
ad, INGC)
•Establish
men
t of SEN
OE
and Provincial COE (IN
GC)
•Patrol and
inspectio
n of
river and
hazardo
us areas
(River basin com
mittee
)•Ra
infall ob
servation (IN
AM)
•Water level o
bservatio
n (River basin com
mittee
)•Issuan
ce of flood
forecast
and warning
(INAM
)
15
Prep
ared
ness
(Non
‐structural M
easures) 4/4
DNA
ARAs
INGC, IN
AM, o
ther agencies
•Stockp
ile of foo
d, water,
med
ical kit for e
mergency
shelter (INGC, Provinces,
Distric
ts)
•Stockp
ile of e
quipmen
t and
materials for flood
figh
ting
(heavy equ
ipmen
t, tools,
sand
bags, etc.) (Province,
Distric
t, INGC )
•Prep
aration of bud
get for
emergency op
eration
(INGC, IN
AM, P
rovince &
Distric
t)
16
AP - 180
5
Disaster M
anagem
ent M
atrix
Disaster C
ycle
Mea
sures
Major Roles
DNA
ARAs
INGC, IN
AM, o
ther
Preven
tion/
Mitigatio
nNon
‐structural
Structural
Prep
ared
ness
Non
‐structural
Structural
Respon
seNon
‐structural
Structural
Recovery/
Reconstructio
nNon
‐structural
Structural
17
Prep
ared
ness
(Structural M
easures) 1/1
DNA
ARAs
INGC, IN
AM, o
ther agencies
•Im
provem
ent o
f commun
ication system
(secure redu
ndan
cy) to
share disaster inform
ation
amon
g related
organizatio
ns
•Im
provem
ent o
f commun
ication system
(secure redu
ndan
cy) to
share disaster inform
ation
amon
g related
organizatio
ns
•Im
provem
ent o
f commun
ication system
(secure redu
ndan
cy) to
share disaster inform
ation
amon
g related
organizatio
ns (INGC, IN
AM
and all related
agencies)
•Prep
aration of evacuation
center (D
istric
t, INGC)
18
Disaster M
anagem
ent M
atrix
Disaster C
ycle
Mea
sures
Major Roles
DNA
ARAs
INGC, IN
AM, o
ther
Preven
tion/
Mitigatio
nNon
‐structural
Structural
Prep
ared
ness
Non
‐structural
Structural
Respon
seNon
‐structural
Structural
Recovery/
Reconstructio
nNon
‐structural
Structural
19
Respon
se(Non
‐structural M
easures) 1/2
DNA
ARAs
INGC, IN
AM, o
ther agencies
•Gathe
r flood
and
dam
age
inform
ation an
d sorting of
the inform
ation
•Inform
ation sharing in
CENOE
•Prov
ision of hyd
rological
cond
ition
and
forecast
•Patrol and
early detectin
g of floo
d cond
ition
such as
depth an
d area of
inun
datio
n•Gathe
r flood
and
dam
age
inform
ation an
d sorting of
the inform
ation
•Inform
ation sharing in
Prov
incial COE
•Prov
ision of hyd
rological
cond
ition
and
forecast
•Ch
rono
logical recording
of
all the
incide
nts a
nd
respon
se con
ducted
(CEN
OE)
•Da
mage assessmen
t (INGC)
•Inform
ation sharing am
ong
related agen
cies (C
ENOE,
all related
agencies)
•Evacua
tion gu
idan
ce (INGC,
Distric
t and
local
authorities)
•Search, rescue an
d supp
ort
activ
ities (INGC an
d local
authorities)
•Tran
sport o
f critical patient
(INGC an
d local autho
rities)
•Setting up
of C
OE (IN
GC
and local autho
rities)
20
AP - 181
6
Respon
se(Non
‐structural M
easures) 2/2
DNA
ARAs
INGC, IN
AM, o
ther agencies
•Ope
ratio
n of drainage
pumps (A
IAS, m
unicipality
an
d local autho
rities)
•Ru
nning of
accommod
ation center
(Distric
t INGC an
d CE
NOE)
•Securin
g food
stuffs,
drinking
water, cloths,
med
icine, etc. (INGC)
•Pu
blic re
latio
ns on da
mage
and respon
se (C
ENOE an
d Local G
overnm
ent)
21
Disaster M
anagem
ent M
atrix
Disaster C
ycle
Mea
sures
Major Roles
DNA
ARAs
INGC, IN
AM, o
ther
Preven
tion/
Mitigatio
nNon
‐structural
Structural
Prep
ared
ness
Non
‐structural
Structural
Respon
seNon
‐structural
Structural
Recovery/
Reconstructio
nNon
‐structural
Structural
22
Respon
se(Structural M
easures) 1/1
DNA
ARAs
INGC, IN
AM, o
ther agencies
•Co
nstructio
n of te
mpo
rally
dykes to preven
t spreading
of in
unda
tion
•Co
nstructio
n of te
mpo
rally
dykes to preven
t spreading
of in
unda
tion
•Co
nstructio
n of te
mpo
rally
dykes to preven
t spreading
of in
unda
tion (Province)
•Dispatch of e
mergency
equipm
ent such as ligh
ting
vehicles, w
ater purifier,
gene
rators, w
ater su
pply
tanks, etc. (INGC an
d CE
NOE)
23
Disaster M
anagem
ent M
atrix
Disaster C
ycle
Mea
sures
Major Roles
DNA
ARAs
INGC, IN
AM, o
ther
Preven
tion/
Mitigatio
nNon
‐structural
Structural
Prep
ared
ness
Non
‐structural
Structural
Respon
seNon
‐structural
Structural
Recovery/
Reconstructio
nNon
‐structural
Structural
24
AP - 182
7
Recovery/ R
econ
struction
(Non
‐structural M
easures) 1/3
DNA
ARAs
INGC, IN
AM, o
ther agencies
•Fo
rmulation of
reconstructio
n plan
of
damaged
floo
d man
agem
ent facilitie
s
•Fo
rmulation of
reconstructio
n plan
of
damaged
floo
d man
agem
ent facilitie
s
•Ope
ratio
n of
accommod
ation centers
(Distric
t INGC an
d CE
NOE)
•Issuan
ce of v
ictim
certificate (D
istric
t, Localid
ad)
•Provision
of spe
cial
paym
ent for disa
ster re
lief
(Province & Distric
t)•Form
ulation of
reha
bilitation plan
(M
OPH
RH, M
inistry of
Health, M
inistry of
Education, Province,
Distric
t)
25
Recovery/ R
econ
struction
(Non
‐structural M
easures) 2/3
DNA
ARAs
INGC, IN
AM, o
ther agencies
•Su
pportin
g reha
bilitation
works of local autho
rities
(MOPH
RH, M
inistry of
Health, M
inistry of
Education, Province,
Distric
t)•Co
ntrol of e
pide
mic
(Distric
t, RE
D CR
OSS)
•Disposal of flood
deb
ris
(Mun
icipality
and
local
authorities)
•Effective use of volun
teers
(Province, Distric
t RED
CR
OSS)
•Clea
ning
of p
ublic fa
cilities
and hygien
e activ
ities
(Province, Distric
t RED
CR
OSS)
26
Recovery/ R
econ
struction
(Non
‐structural M
easures) 3/3
DNA
ARAs
INGC, IN
AM, o
ther agencies
•Pa
rticipation for n
ew to
wn
plan
ning
by collabo
ratio
n of re
siden
ts, com
mun
ity
and ad
ministratio
n (M
OPH
RH, D
istric
t, Localid
ad)
•Co
nsultatio
n an
d mea
sures
for resettle
men
t of
habitatio
n (Province,
Distric
t)•Provide fin
ancing
for
resettlemen
t of h
abita
tion
(Province, Distric
t)•Form
ulation of
reconstructio
n plan
(Province)
27
Disaster M
anagem
ent M
atrix
Disaster C
ycle
Mea
sures
Major Roles
DNA
ARAs
INGC, IN
AM, o
ther
Preven
tion/
Mitigatio
nNon
‐structural
Structural
Prep
ared
ness
Non
‐structural
Structural
Respon
seNon
‐structural
Structural
Recovery/
Reconstructio
nNon
‐structural
Structural
28
AP - 183
8
Recovery/ R
econ
struction
(Structural M
easures) 1/1
DNA
ARAs
INGC, IN
AM, o
ther agencies
•Em
ergency reha
bilitation
works of d
amaged
dykes
and riv
er fa
cilities
•Streng
then
ing of river
facilities s
uch as dykes
•Em
ergency reha
bilitation
works of d
amaged
dykes
and riv
er fa
cilities
•Streng
then
ing of river
facilities s
uch as dykes
•Bu
ilding tempo
rary hou
ses
(Province)
•Em
ergency reha
bilitation
works of d
amaged
levees
and riv
er fa
cilities
(Province)
•Early
reha
bilitation of
essential utilities (p
ower
supp
ly, water su
pply,
sewerage, etc.) an
d road
s (Province, Distric
t)•Streng
then
ing of river
facilities s
uch as dykes
(Province, ARA
’s)
29
Conclusio
n•Major ro
les o
f DNA an
d AR
As are con
centrated
in Prevention/Mitigatio
n an
d Prep
ared
ness
stages of D
isaster Cycle.
•Efforts for Prevention/ M
itigatio
n are the most
impo
rtan
t and
efficien
t to mitigate lo
ss of lives
and prop
erty dam
ages.
•While promoting infrastructure fo
r flood
man
agem
ent from lo
ng‐term view, it is
impo
rtan
t to mitigate floo
d da
mage by non
‐structural m
easures s
uch as im
provem
ent o
f cred
ibility of flood
forecasting an
d warning
, etc.
30
Challeng
es•If the de
scrip
tion of ro
le of D
NA, ARA
s and
other
agen
cies are not correct, p
lease let u
s kno
w fo
r up
date.
•Ba
sed on
the major ro
les o
f DNA an
d AR
As,
capa
city develop
men
t plan includ
ing training
will be discussed from
now
on.
3132
Muito
obrig
ado
AP - 184
Appendix 2-2
Material of Capacity Assessment Workshop
AP - 185
AP - 186
1
AGENDA
1) Dia 1 (27 de Maio de 2015 quarta-feira)
Seminário sobre a Gestão de Rios
13:00 – 13:30 Registo dos Participantes
13:30 – 16:00 (S1.1) Gestão de Rios no Japão
Mr. Makoto Kodama, Team Leader/ River Plan, JICA Team
2) Dia 2 (28 de Maio de 2015 quinta-feira)
Workshop de Avaliação das capacidades aplicando o método PCM
Mr. Noritoshi Maehara, Institutional Development Plan, JICA Team
08:30 – 09:00 Registo dos Participantes
09:00�09:40 (S2.1) Introdução do Método PCM
09:40�10:30 (S2.2) Exercício 1: Analise dos parceiros
Pausa
10:45�12:00 (S2.2) Exercício 2: Analise dos problemas
Pausa para o almoço
13:00 – 14:00 (S2.2) Exercício 3: Analise dos objectivos
14:00 – 14:450 (S2.2) Exercício 4 e 5: Selecção do procjeto e preparação do PDM
Pausa
15:00 – 16:00 (S2.6) Presentação: Analise dos parceiros, Analise dos problemas, Analise dos
obejctivos, Selecção do projecto e da PDM
3) Dia 3 (29 de Maio de 2015 Sexta-feira)
Revendo a resposta das agências relacionadas para as cheias de 2015 - aplicação Table-top
Exercício
Mr. Makoto Kodama, Team Leader/ River Plan, JICA Team
Mr. Noritoshi Maehara, Institutional Development Plan, JICA Team
08:30 – 09:00 Registo dos Participantes
09:00 – 09:30 (S3.1) Outline do Exercício de desastre
09:30 – 10:30 (S3.2) Revisão do Desastre das cheias de 2015
Pausa
10:45 – 12:00 (S3.3) Tabela cronológica dos principais eventos durante o Desastre cheias de 2015
Pausa de Almoço
13:00 – 14:00 (S3.4&3.5) Orientação cenário Tabletop Exercício
AP - 187
2
Pausa
14:15 – 15:30 (S3.6) Presentação dos resultados de TTX
(Notas)
1. Em grupo Equipes mistas de várias agências com aproximadamente 6 pessoas será formada
2. Cada grupo terá um Presidente e um Secretário do Grupo a ser selecionado pelos membros do
grupo, no início dos trabalhos do grupo.
3. O Presidente presidirá e gerenciar trabalhos de grupo, eo Secretário de Grupo terá registros ou
resumir os resultados dos debates a bordo e / ou papel.
AP - 188
May
27,2015
JICATeam
Makoto
KODAMA
ASSISTENCIA
PARA
OFO
RTALECIM
ENTO
DACAPA
CIDADEINSTITUTIONAL
NAGESTÃODEDESASTRES
RELACIONADOSCOM
ÁGUA
EMMOÇAMBIQUE
AGestãodeRiosnoJapão
Outlineoftheproject(1)
ProjectNam
eAssistance
forEn
hancemen
tofInstitutionalCapacityto
ManageWater
Related
DisastersinMozambique
ObjectiveDNAandother
relatedorganizationsdevelopwater
related
disastermanagem
entplan,andDNAandARAsen
hance
river
basinmanagem
entcapacity
Activities
Baselinesurvey
(majorrivers,legalsystem
,policy,
organization,donor’sprojects)
Transfer
technology
regarding
fieldanditem
target
organization/personnel
sched
ule
goalto
beachieved,andothers
Reviewandadvice
for
HFA
andpost
HFA
M/P
ofdisasterpreventionand
mitigation
water
relateddisastermanagem
ent
human
resources
andinstitutional
developmentplan
70
Outlineoftheproject(2)
JICATem
Mem
ber
PolicyAdvisor:
HitoshiBABA
TechnicalAdvisor:
Makoto
KODAMA(Team
leader/Riverplan)
NoritoshiM
AEH
ARA(Institutionaldevelopmen
t)HidekiA
RAKI(River
managem
enttechnology)
HirokiKAI(Satellite
based
data)
Coordinator:
AriannaBOBBA
PeriodNovember
2014
March
2017(about27months)
Conteúdos 1.
HistoriadaGestãodosRiosnoJapão
2.
Características
dosriso
noJapão
3.
AGestãodosRiosnoJapão
71
AP - 189
Conteúdos 1.
HistoriadaGestão
dosRiosnoJapão
2.
Características
dosriso
noJapão
3.
AGestãodosRiosnoJapão
11Historiadodesenvolvim
ento
daterranoJapão
Maisdoque2000anos
atras3ºSeculo
AidadedeYayoi
Começodacultivação
doarroz
Espansãodoscamposarrozais
O4º6ºseculo
AideadedoKofun
Desenvolvim
ento
daterraedaagua
Desenvolvim
ento
dafioliso
O7ºseculo
AidadedoAsuka
O8ºseculo
AidadedeNara
Desenvolvim
ento
devárzea
O9º11ºseculos
AidadedoHeian
Preservação
daterra
O12º13ºseculos
AidadedoKam
akura
Autonomiadosgovernoslocais
O14º15ºseculos
AidadedoMuromachi
O16ºseculo
AidadedoSengoku
Form
ação
emrios
Os17º19ºseculos
AidadedoEdo
Sustentabilidadedouso
davárzea
O20ºseculo
Aidade
Meiji/Taisho/Showa
Industrialização/urbanizasação
O21ºseculo
Heisei(atehoje)
Actividades
economicas
sustentaveis
72
Era
Gestãoderioecontrolodosrios
EraPrehistórica
Temposantigos
(Metadedo3º–10ºseculo)
Construçãodediqueparaevitar
inundações
emaréalta
(Mandanão
TsutsuminorioYodo)
Escavaçãodecanaldedrenagem
dolago
Kaw
achi
paraaKaw
achiBay
CodigoYoro
(*)
•Aprovínciaeraresponsávelparagestão
das
inundações.
•Po
liticas
douso
daaguaecontrolodas
cheias
baseadanaideiadaaguacomobem
comum.
•Osexpertoseram
deslocadodonívelcentral
paraonívellocaldurante
ascheias
mais
severas.
(*)CódigoYoro
foium
acto
básicoquedescreveu
osistem
adegoverno
clássico
noJapão.Foielaboradono718.E’compostode10volumes
de
códigopen
ale10volumes
decódigoadministrativo
12HistoriadaGestãodeRiosnoJapão
(1)
Antesdas
cheias
Durante
ascheias
Dep
oisdas
cheias
Abertura
dodiquedoRioAra
12HistoriadaGestãodeRiosnoJapão
(2)
Era
Gestãoderioecontrolodosrios
Época
Med
ieval
Época
deguerrasprovíncias
O11º
12ºseculo
Senhoresfeudaisconduziam
agestão
das
inundações
paraprotegerosseuscamposagrícolas
eaumen
tarosrendim
entos.
Ex.A
bertura
dodique,aneldediques,etc.
73
AP - 190
Aneldediques
doKisosansen
12HistoriadaGestãodeRiosnoJapão
(3)
Era
Gestãoderioecontrolodosrios
Época
Med
ieval
Época
deguerrasprovíncias
O11º
12ºseculo
Senhoresfeudaisconduziam
agestão
das
inundações
paraprotegerosseuscamposagrícolas
eaumen
tarosrendim
entos.
Ex.levee
aberto,aneldediques,etc.
Tokyo
Tokyo
After
Before
Ara R.
Ara
R.
ToneR.
ToneR.
12HistoriadaGestãodeRiosnoJapão
(4)
Mudança
docursodorioTone,afim
deprotegerTóquioapartirdeinundação
Era
Gestãoderioecontrolodosrios
Iníciodaeramoderna
(Início17º–fim19ºseculo)
Foram
realizadosgrandes
projetosdemelhoriade
rioem
grandeescala.Ex.M
udança
docursodo
rioTone,diquenorioKiso
•Períodosanteriores:apertura
dedique,dique
desegundalinha
•MetadedoPeríodo:C
ontinuação
daconstrução
dediques
diqueparatransbordar,isenção
•Últim
osperíodo:alisam
ento
decanaldorio,
diqueconsolidados
74
OrioWataraseno1940’s
12HistoriadaGestãodeRiosnoJapão
(5)
OrioTonenoiníciodo20ºseculo
Era
Gestãoderioecontrolodosrios
Fim
daép
oca
moderna
(Inicio20
seculo)
OsespecialistasconvidadosdaOlanda
disseminaram
principalmen
teobrasfluviaisde
baixa
mar
queconsistem
desuper
diqueeleito
doriodeescavação.
Leidorioestabelecidano1896
Trabalhosderiosdegrandeescalausando
maquinas
pesantesparaoreforçodoscursodos
rios,contínuosdiques,viasderios,ebarragem
de
uso
múltiplo,etc.
110
100
1,000
10,000 1945
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
Numorodosobitos/desaparecidos
2005
12HistoriadaGestãodeRiosnoJapão
(6)
Red
ucção
dacasualidadeecontinuosesforçodegestão
das
cheias
Era
Gestãoderioecontrolodosrios
Época
actual
(Metade20
seculo–presente)
ONúmerodosóbitosporanochegouamaisde
1.000pessoas
13vezesem
15anos,form
a1945
1959.
Dep
oisde1970,osdesastres
degrandeescala
dim
inuiu.
75
AP - 191
Conteúdos 1.
HistoriadaGestãodosRiosnoJapão
2.
Características
dosriso
noJapão
3.
AGestãodosRiosnoJapão
21Japão
Um
paísdeMontanhas
76
22Vulnerabilidadedopaísaosperigosdaágua
Elevação
graoundem
area
centraldeTokyo
KitaWard ArakawaWard
AdachiW
ard
KatsushikaWard
MisatoCity
MatsudoCity
abaixo
doníveldaáguada
inundação
Outras
Area
Proporção
dos
ben
s
Proporção
da
população
Proporção
da
area Elevation(m)
SumidaRiv.
ArakawaRiv.
EdoRiv.
ObaRiv.
Ayase
Riv.
NakaRiv.
National
Route
6
ToriRiv.Sh
inToriRiv.
Railway
Railway
Railway
Proporção
dosben
sepopulaçãoabaixo
doníveldaáguadainundação
Approx.75%
Approx.50%
Approx.10%
Precipitação
Anual
(mm)
Volumedaprecipitação
anualporpessoa(m
3)
Singapore
Australia
Canada
USA
France
Indonesia
Philippines
SaudiA
rabia
China
Japan
Italia
India
UK
Average
23Asprecipitações
noJapão
enoMundo
Precipitações
Japão
Méd
iamundial
Precipitação
Anual
1690mm
800mm
Volumedaprecipitação
anualporpessoa
4,997m
316,427m
3
77
AP - 192
24Rioscaudalosos
Length(km)
Altitude(m)
RhineRiver
RiosnoJapão
River
mouth
MuitosriosnoJapão
sãomuitoinclinadoscom
umacurtadistânciada
fonte
ateao
mar,consequentemente
ofluxo
émuitorápido. LorreRiver
Colorado
River
Mekong
River
SeineRiver
ShinanoRiver
JoganjiRiver
Kitakam
iRiver
Tone
River
25NosriosdoJapão
oaumen
todoníveldeáguaémuitorápido
78
26Diferen
çadeescoam
ento
OsRiosjaponeses
têm
umagrandediferen
çadeescoam
ento
entre
índicemáxim
osemínim
osdefluxo.
020
4060
8010
012
0
Mississippi
river
Danube
river
Tham
esriver
Yodoriver
Toneriver
Kisoriver
IndiceMaxim
odefluxo/IndiceMinim
odefluxo
Norm
ale
TamaRiver
Typhoon9thin2007
Inundado
27Aocorrên
ciadedesastresrelacionadoscom
água(1999–2012)
Cheias
edesastres
relacionadoscom
sedim
entosocorreram
emmaisde
97%das
municipalidades
aolongo
dosúltim
os10anosnoJapão
Numerototaldas
municipalidades
em2012
1,742municipalidades
97.7%
10
vezes
:1,057municipalidades
60.7%
59vezes
:374municipalidades
21.5%
14vezes
:271municipalidades
15.6%
0vezes
:40municipalidades
2.3%
79
AP - 193
Conteúdos 1.
HistoriadaGestãodosRiosnoJapão
2.
Características
dosriso
noJapão
3.
AGestão
dosRiosnoJapão
31Gestãodoriopelogovernonacionalelocal
Riosdeclasse
1Riosdeclasse
2
Gestãopelogoverno
nacional.(MLIT)
Gestãopelogovernadorda
prefeitura
ouparaoprefeito
deumacidadedesignadade
orden
ação
dogoverno.
(Segmen
tosespecificados)
Gestãopelogovernadorda
prefeitura
ouparaoprefeito
deumacidadedesignadade
orden
ação
dogoverno Ontrosrios
Gestãopeloprefeito
deum
governo
municipal
RoisdeClasse1
(segmento
geridodirectamente)
RoisdeClasse1
(Segmentosespecificados)
RoisdeClasse2
Leiaplicávelaosrios
Riosordinarios
(riosfora
doâm
bitodaLeiderios)
80
32Classificaçõesdegestão
derios
RiosdeClasse1
*GestãopeloMLIT
Sistem
asdeáguadorioconsideradosdeparticularim
portânciaparaaconservação
daterra
nacionaledaeconomianacional.D
esen
hadospeloMinistérioMLIT.
RiosdeClasse2
*GestãopelopeloGovernadorouPrefeitodecidades
designadas
NonClasse1
Desen
hadospeloGovernadordaPrefectura
Leiaplicávelaosrios*Gestãopelas
municipalidades
NonClassse
1,2
Desen
hadospeloprefeito.
segm
ento
geridodirectamen
te(gestãopeloMLIT)
Secções
designadas
comoim
portante
entreriosdeClasse1
Segm
entosespecificados(Parcialmente
geridas
pelogovernodaprovínciae
cidades
designadas)Desen
hadas
peloMLIT
Riosordinarios*Gestãopelas
municipalidades
NonClasse1,2,Leiaplicávelaosriosondeoacto
deriosnão
seaplica
33Gestãoderiospelogovernonacional
Cerca
de7%doscomprimentostotaisdosriossãogeridosdirectamen
tepelogovernonacional(M
LIT). RiosdeClasse1
(gestãopeloMLIT)
10,588km
,7%
RiosdeClasse2
(gestãopelas
prefecturas)
35,853km
,25%
Leiaplicávelaosrios
(gestãopelas
municipalidades)
20,258km
,14%
RiosdeClasse1
(gestãopelas
prefecturas)
77,463km
,54%
Total44,162km
Largura
População
Ráciodegestão
directa
doMLIT
Outros:93%
Governonacional:7%
Governonacional:41%
(47mil.depessoas)
Outros:59%
81
AP - 194
34Partilhadecustosdoprojetrio
Projetpelogovernonacional(M
LIT)
ParteNacional
(2/3)
Partedaprefectura
(1/3)
ParteNacional
(7/10)
Partedaprefectura
(3/10)
ParteNacional
(1/2)
Partedaprefectura
(1/2)
ParteNacional
(5.5/10)
Partedaprefectura
(4.5/10)
ParteNacional
(10/10)
Partedaprefectura
(10/10)
Melhoramen
to
Manutenção
Projetpelas
prefecturas
Melhoramen
to(grandeescala)
Melhoramen
to
Melhoramen
to(grandeescala)
Manutenção
35Geren
tesdosrios
Nocaso
dagestão
dosrecursoshídricos,incluindoGestãodeCheias,os
gerentesdosriossãodesignadosdeacordocom
a"Leiderios".
AsResponsabilidades
dosgerentesderiossão:m
onitoramento,
planeamento
degestão
derecursoshídricos,eim
plemen
tação*
*ex;construçãodeinstalações
decontrolodeinundações,o
peração
emanutençãode
instalações,permissãoemanutençãodedireitosdeágua,im
plemen
taçãodeprojetos
dedesenvolvim
ento
derecursoshidricos,etc.
Umavezqueocorreodesastre,osgerentesdosriossãoosprimeirosa
responder
paraumarápidarecuperação
ereconstruçãodeinfra
estruturasfluviais.
82
36Fluxo
degestão
derios
Conselhode
Infrastructura
(parariosdeclasse
1)
ConselhosPrefectural
derios
(parariosdeclasse
2)
Finalizar
eanunciar
oPlanodeMelhoriade
rios
Pessoas
de
reputação
acadêm
ica
Esboço
doPlanode
MelhoriadeRio
Esboço
dePoliticas
Basicas
deGestãode
Rios
Finalizar
eanunciar
aPoliticadebasepara
gestão
derios
Opinião
Noscasosem
quehá
um
conselho
provincialderio
O Esboço de PoliticasBasicas de Gestão de Rios
O Esboço do Plano deMelhoria de Rio
Projetos de RioManutenção de rios
Residenteslocais
Metas
finaisdamelhoriaderioa
longo
prazo
GovernodaPrefectura
paraRiosdeclasse
1
Prefectoparariosde
Classe2
Item
sDecididos
Políticas
básicas
em
matériadeconservação
globaleutilização
dosriosnosistem
aderio
Iten
squedevem
seras
bases
paraamelhoriado
rio
Iten
srelativosàconcepçãodeinundação
easua
atribuição
aocursodorioepararegulaçãode
instalações
decheia
Iten
srelativosao
desen
hodedescargadecheiaede
níveldeinundação
nospontosmajores,alargura
dorio
relacionadas
com
operfiltransversal,eoíndice
necessárioparamanteras
funções
norm
aisdofluxo
de
águacorren
te.
Índicedemelhorias
concretas
deméd
ioprazo
determinadodeacordocom
aPo
líticadeGestãodeRioBásico
(períodoprevisto:d
e20a30anos)
Item
sDecididos
Iten
srelativoscom
asmetas
doPlanodeGestão
derios
Iten
srelacionadoscom
aexecuçãodemelhorias
dorio
Linhas
geraisdas
finalidades,tiposelocaisdeexecuçãode
obrasdorio,defunções
deinstalações
degestão
dorio
fornecidas
pormeiodaexecuçãodas
referidas
obrasfluviais.
Propósitos,tiposelocaisdeexecuçãodeobrasfluviais
Med
idas
necessárias
pararefletir
opiniões
Opinião
Opinião
37Situação
daform
ulaçãodaPo
líticaBasicaePlano
Um
RioBasicoPo
liticas
deGestãojá
form
uladas
paratodosossistem
asfluviaisdeclasse
A(109sistem
asde
rios)
ORioPlanodemelhoriajáform
ulado
para94rios(87sistem
asfluviais)
As
of M
arch
29,
201
3
Pla
nos
de G
estã
o de
rio
s fo
rmul
ados
(9
4 ri
os (
87 S
iste
mas
de
rios
)
Legenda
83
AP - 195
38Water
relateddisastermanagem
entinJapan
Enfoquenafase
deprevenção
Abordagem
holística
dafase
preventiva
paraarespostadeem
ergência
erecuperação
Um
planoabrangente
baseadonabaciaparaagestão
deinundações,
deacordocom
ascaracterísticasdecadabacia
Combinação
demed
idas
"hard"(estruturais)e"soft(não
estruturais)
Prevention
Mitigation
Prepared
ness
Response
Recovery
Hard
& Soft
39Efeito
doinvestim
ento
paraaGestãodeCheias
noJapão
(1)
Numerodas
fatalidades
causadas
paradesastres
relacionadoscom
água
GDPeorçam
ento
paraagestão
das
cheias
(2000preço)
05,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
110100
1,000
10,000
1946
1951
1956
1961
1966
1971
1976
1981
1986
1991
1996
2001
2006
FloodManagem
entCost(2000
price)
GDP(2000price)
Num
berof
Fatalities
Num
berofFatalities
(peo
ple)
Floo
dManegem
entCost(2000
price)
(hun
dred
ofmillionyen)
GDP(2000
price)
<billionyen>
<600,000>
<500,000>
<400,000>
<300,000>
<200,000>
<100,000>
<0>
*Number
offatalitiesexcludethose
whodeadbytsunam
i*G
DP:19802011(2000price),19461979(1990price)
Estatisiticasdedesastres
relacionadoscom
águanoJapão
84
05,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
FloodManagem
entCost(2000price)
GDP(2000price)
FloodManagem
entCost(2000price)
(hundredofmillionyen)
GDP(2000price)<b
illionyen>
<600,000>
<500,000>
<400,000>
<300,000>
<200,000>
<100,000>
<0>
39Effectofinvestmen
tforFloodManagem
entinJapan
(2)
Intesidadedodam
noparacheia
(perdas
economicas
porarea),
GDPeorçam
ento
paraagestão
dacheia(2000preço)
Estatisiticasdedesastres
relacionadoscom
águanoJapão
020
40
60
80
100
120
140
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
1962
1967
1972
1977
1982
1987
1992
1997
2002
2007
Dam
ageto
Gen
eralAssets
(10billionyen)
Den
sity
ofDam
ageCost
(thousandyen/ha)
TotalInundated
Area(10,000ha)
AreaofInundated
(Residen
tial&Other
Property)(10,000ha)
Den
sity
ofFloodDam
ageto
Gen
eralAssets
Dam
ageto
Gen
eralAssets(2000Price)
Inundated
area
(10,000ha)
20
10 0
310Med
idas
decontrolodeinundações
abrangentes
Med
idas
decontrolodeinundações
abrangentes
Melhoriaderios
Med
idas
paraaleviarodam
no
Med
idas
parabaciasderios
Manuntençãodocontrolodas
areas
urbanas
Conservação
doscampos
Construcção
das
albufeiras
Aconstrucção
dereservatóriosdeágua
dachuva
Aconstrucção
depavim
entospermeáveis
epoçosdeinfiltração
Estabelecer
ossistem
asdealerta
de
evacuação
Manutençãodossistemas
Suibo
Promoveraconscientizaçãodos
moradoreslocais
Melhoriadecanaisderios
Construcção
debarragens,baciasde
retardam
ento
ecanaisdedescarga,etc.
85
AP - 196
311Med
idas
decontroloabrangente
deInundações
emumabaciahidrográfica
Conservação
daterranatural
Prevençãodosdesastres
nosreservatorios
Restrincções
econtrolos
douso
daterra
Instalações
parao
armazen
amento
deáguadachuva
einfiltração
Instalações
dearmazen
amento
deáguadachuva
ede
infiltraçãoparacadacasa
controlodas
areas
deurbanização
pavim
ento
permeável
poçosde
infiltração
melhoriaderios
retardodebacia
tanques
deáguas
pluviais
Rainwater
storage
inparks
Riossubterraneo
s
estaçãodebomba
dedrenagem
Prédiosàprova
deágua
Med
idades
derios
Med
idas
debacias
Med
idas
dereduçãodedanos
Estabelecim
ento
de
sistem
asdealerta
deevacuação
barragens
MuitoObrigado
86
1
NoritoshiM
AEH
ARA
JICATeam
WorkshopdeAvalia
çãodas
capacidades
aplicandoas
metodologias
PCM
27/29Maiode
2015
AssistênciaparaoFortalecimento
Institucionaldas
Cap
acidad
esdeGestão
dosRiscosdeDesastres
relacionad
oscom
Agua
2
Esclarecer
ospap
éisdas
partesinteressadas
na
gestão
dosrios
Identificarosproblemas
naim
plementa
çãodegestão
dorioeas
suas
causas
Objetivos
Considerar
med
idas
eventuaisedesej
áveisde
gestão
dorio
87
AP - 197
1
1
Norito
shi M
AEHA
RAJIC
A Te
am
Worksho
p de
Avalia
ção da
s capa
cida
des a
plican
do as m
etod
olog
ias
PCM
27/29 Maio de
201
5
Assistên
cia pa
ra o Fortalecimen
to In
stitu
cion
al das
Capa
cida
des de
Gestão do
s Riscos d
e Desastres
relacion
ados com
Agu
a
2
Esclarecer os p
apéis d
as partes interessada
s na
gestão
dos rios
Iden
tificar os p
roblem
as na im
plem
enta
ção de
gestão
do rio e as su
as cau
sas
Objetivos
Considerar m
edidas eventua
is e de
sejáveis de
gestão
do rio
3
1. Perfil da metod
olog
ia do PC
M
4
O que
éa metod
olog
ia PCM
?
•PC
M sign
ifica G
estão do
Ciclo de Projecto
•Uma da
s ferramen
tas p
ara gerir to
do o
ciclo de
um projeto
Plan
ifica
ção pa
rticipativa do
Projecto
Mon
itoramen
to con
tinuo
da im
plem
enta
ção do
projecto
Avalia
ção do
projecto na
sua conclusão
AP - 198
2
5
O que
éum
projecto?
•Um projecto
éum
a serie
de activ
idad
es
com objectiv
osespe
cífic
os,
•de
ntro de um
tem
poe
•com um bud
get d
efinido.
6
O que
éum
Ciclo de Projecto?
PDM
: M
atri
z d
o P
roje
cto
7
PDM (M
atriz do Projecto)
Precon
ditio
nCo
ndition
s that m
ust b
e fulfilled be
fore a project
starts.
Inpu
tsPe
rson
nel, materials, equ
ipmen
t, facilities, and
fund
s requ
ired by th
e project
Activ
ities
Specific actio
ns ta
ken to
prod
uce Outpu
ts
Outpu
tsStrategies fo
r achieving
the Project P
urpo
se
Project P
urpo
seObjectiv
e that th
e project
shou
ld achieve with
in th
e project d
uration
(See
next slid
e.)
Data so
urces from
which
indicators are derived
.Stan
dards for m
easurin
g project a
chievemen
t
Overall Goa
lDirection that th
e project
shou
ld ta
ke next
Impo
rtan
t Assum
ption
Mea
ns of V
erificatio
nObjectiv
ely Ve
rifiable
Indicators
Narrativ
e Su
mmary
Pré‐cond
içõe
sCon
diçõ
es q
ue d
evem
se
r cu
mpr
idas
ant
es q
ue
um p
roje
to c
omeç
a.
Inpu
tsPe
ssoa
l, m
ater
iais
, eq
uipa
men
tos,
inst
alaç
ões,
e
os fun
dos
requ
erid
os p
elo
proj
eto
Activ
idad
esM
edid
as e
spec
ífica
s to
mad
as p
ara
prod
uzir
saíd
as
Outpu
tsEs
trat
égia
s pa
ra
alca
nçar
o O
bjet
ivo
do
Proj
eto
Objectiv
o do
Projecto
Obj
etiv
o qu
e o
proj
eto
deve
alc
ança
r de
ntro
da
dura
ção
do p
roje
cto
As
font
es d
e da
dos
a pa
rtir d
o qu
al o
s in
dica
dore
s sã
o de
riva
dos
.N
orm
as p
ara
med
ir a
re
aliz
ação
do
proj
eto
Objectiv
o Geral
Direç
ão q
ue o
pro
jeto
de
ve t
omar
em
seg
uida
Supo
siçõe
s impo
rtan
tes
Meios de Av
aliação
Indicado
res avaliáveis
abjectivam
ente
Sumario Narrativ
o
Nom
e do
Projecto
：Ve
r.No:
Área alvo:
Grupo
Alvo:
Date:
：Tempo
do Projecto
Ver.N
o:Da
ta:
8
Ciclo
de
Proj
ecto
e E
xper
ienc
ia P
assa
da
Ava
liaçã
oP
lan
ific
ação
Imp
lem
enta
ção
Imp
lem
enta
ção
Pla
nif
ica
ção
Ava
liaçã
o
O c
iclo
Pla
nif
icaç
ão-I
mp
lem
enta
ção-
Ava
liaçã
o p
rodu
z ex
periên
cias
e li
ções
a s
erem
apl
icad
as n
a pl
anifi
caçã
o da
s fa
ses
de p
roje
to b
em s
uced
idas
.
AP - 199
3
9
Desenvolvimen
to da metod
olog
ia de
PCM
No fim
dos a
nos
1960
A USA
ID elabo
rouo qu
adro
logico
1970
As organ
izações
internaciona
iscomeçãm
pesquisar/introd
uziro qu
adro
logico
Inicio dos ano
s 19
80A GTZ desen
volvea Metod
olog
iaZO
PP
No fim
dos ano
s 19
80Os p
aises Eu
rope
os ado
ptam
a m
etod
olog
ia ZOPP
Inicio dos ano
s 19
90A FA
CID incia as pesqu
isas e o de
senvolvimen
to do PC
MMetod
olog
ias
1994
A JIC
A começaa introd
uzira gran
deescalaa metod
olog
iaPC
M19
96A FA
CID de
senvolve
um m
odelode
avaliação
Usado
ate hoje
A metod
olog
ia PCM
foi aplicad
a a nível interna
cion
al e para
projectosd
oméstic
os da JIC
A
FASID: Fou
ndation for A
dvan
ced Stud
ies o
n Internationa
l Develop
men
t, Japa
n10
Características
•Ab
orda
gem partic
ipativa
–através d
a im
plem
enta
ção de
worksho
p com os
parceiros
•Logica
–Processos a
nalíticos sã
o ba
sead
os na logica da
causa‐efeito ou da
rela
ção meio ‐fim
–O PDM
étambé
m elabo
rado
de um
a form
a logica
•Co
nsistên
cia
–Gestão coeren
te do ciclo do
projeto por um PDM
11
Falha na
Assistên
cia ao
Desen
volvim
ento
no Passado
Plan
ifica
ção do
projecto po
r os go
vernos ofic
iais
Implem
enta
ção pa
ra um desen
volved
or estrang
eiro Assistência
Conclusão da
s Instala
ções
Não
utilizada
s pe
las p
essoas
Destrui
ção da
s instalaç
ões
devido
a uma
falta
de O & M
Inad
equa
das
para as
pessoa
sNecessida
des
Falta
de
Prop
rieda
de
12
Porque
uma ab
orda
gem
participativa
Prof. M
. Nagam
achi (H
iroshim
a Internationa
l University
, Emotion‐Te
chno
logy)
•As pessoas não
precisam se
r orden
adas ou
forcad
as,
•As pessoas gostam de pa
rticipar e se
rem
envo
lvidas nas que
stõe
s que
são a elas
relacion
adas,
•As pessoas persegu
em o que
propo
em•A pa
rticipaç
ão fa
z as p
essoas m
ais respo
nsaveis
•En
volvim
ento e re
spon
sabilid
ade
são ligad
as com
joia e
satisfacão
AP - 200
4
13
Porq
ue a
inte
recç
ão n
o gr
oupo
é
nece
ssar
ia?
1º Step: Para classificar os itens in
dividu
almen
te
2nd Step
: Para classificar os itens atraves da discussão de
group
o
3rd Step
: Para compa
rar a
s respo
stas com
as respo
stas co
rrectas d
a NAS
A
Descobe
rtas e diálogo
através de "G
roup
os de discussão"
pode
levar m
elho
r idé
ia do grup
o
As re
spostas a
travez da discussão de
group
o cond
uzem
a m
elho
r resultado
s da
queles in
dividu
ais.
“Pe
rdido sobre o Exercício da
lua”
: A su
a na
ve tive uma aterragem fo
rçad
a na
lua. V
ocê foi p
rogram
ado pa
ra encon
trar‐se com um navio‐m
ãe 200
milh
as de
distân
cia. So 15
iten
s são
dispo
niveis para ser u
sado
s A sua tarefa é classificar o
s ite
ns em te
rmos da sua im
portân
cia pa
ra a so
brevivên
cia.
‐
14
Worksho
p PC
MStep
s an
alíticos p
ara
a plan
ificação
do projecto
Visualização
Aborda
gem
de te
am
Facilitad
os do
grup
o PC
M
Cartas
Brain‐storming,
Consen
so
Inform
ação
Espe
cialidad
e ‐
Expe
riencia
15
Wor
ksho
p PC
MWorksho
p pa
rticipativos con
duzem a:
Partilh
ar e re
conh
ecer as informaç
ões
Prod
uzir o consen
so basea
do no en
tend
imen
to
reciproco
Plan
ifica
ção do
projecto em
acordo com as
necessidad
es
16
Mérito
s do worksho
p PC
M
AP - 201
5
17
Principa
is step
s na plan
ificação pa
rticipativa
1. Ana
lise do
s pa
rceiros
2. Ana
lise do
s problem
as
3. Ana
lise do
s objectiv
os
4. Selec
ção do
projecto
5. Formaç
ão do PD
M
6. Plano
das ope
raçõ
es
Bene
ficiário
s, Grupo
s negativam
ente afectad
os,
decision
‐makers, Agencias implem
entado
ras, etc.
Prob
lema principa
l, Grupo
alvo
Rela
ção causa‐efeito→ Arvore do
problem
a
Rela
ções M
eios‐fins
→ Arvore do
s objec
vos
Selecção
de M
étod
os da
árvo
re de ob
jetiv
os
Form
ação
do PD
M desde
a árvore do
s objectiv
os
18
2. Ana
lise do
s parceiro
s
19
Analise
dos parceiro
s
•Pa
ra id
entificar a situaç
ão actua
l das
áreas a
lvo através d
a an
alise
das
organiza
ções, grupo
s pe
ssoa
s interressado
s.•Pa
ra decidir se os p
roblem
as pod
em se
r resolvidos pelo projecto (`Grupo
Alvo)?
20
Porque
a ana
lise do
s parceiro
s éne
cessárias?
•Re
conh
ecim
ento so
bre os problem
as,
necessidad
es, factos, etc. d
ifere
depe
nden
do do po
nto de
vista de
cad
a pe
ssoa
, grupo
ou organiza
ção, etc.
•Em
algun
s casos, a própria dife
renç
a nã
o éreconh
ecida at
éàfase fina
l de um
projecto!
AP - 202
6
21
Analise
dos parceiro
s •Lista do
s parceiro
s relaciona
dos com a gestão
dos rios.
•Lista de
todo
s os p
apeis espe
rado
s para cada
pa
rceiro na gestão
do rio
.•De
scriç
ão dos problem
as e que
stõe
s pa
ra
cada
parceiro
na gestão
do rio
.
Exercício 1
Disaster Cycle
Disaster
Preven
tion/
Mitigatio
n
Prep
ared
ness
Respon
se
Recovery/
Reconstructio
n
22
23
Step
1: P
lease list a
ll the stakeh
olde
rs
related to "River M
anagem
ent (Floo
d Man
agem
ent)"
DNA
(Examples)
ARA Ce
ntro Norte and
its Units
ARA Norte and
its U
nits
INGC
Prov
incial Governm
ent
Distric
t Governm
ent
Localid
ade Governm
ent
Commun
ity
••••
•
24
Step
2: P
lease list a
ll the roles e
xpected for
each stakeh
olde
r in disaster cycle
DNA
(Examples fo
r "Prev
entio
/ Mitigatio
n Stage")
Collect floo
d inform
ation of
internationa
l rivers
Ope
ratio
n an
d mainten
ance
of floo
d man
agem
ent
infrastructure
Developm
ent a
nd upg
rading
of floo
d forecasting mod
el
Plan
ning
and
con
struction of
dykes
••••
•
AP - 203
7
25
Step
3: P
lease de
scrib
e prob
lems a
nd issues fo
r ea
ch stakeh
olde
r in riv
er m
anagem
ent
DNA
(Examples fo
r "Prev
entio
/ Mitigatio
n Stage")
Collect floo
d inform
ation of
internationa
l rivers
Ope
ratio
n an
d mainten
ance
of floo
d man
agem
ent
infrastructure
Developm
ent a
nd upg
rading
of floo
d forecasting mod
el
Plan
ning
and
con
struction of
dykes
••••
•
Ope
ratio
n an
d mainten
ance
has n
ot bee
n prop
erly
performed
26
Ponto de
vista e iden
tificaç
ão dos
prob
lemas/que
stõe
s
a) Recursos H
uman
osCa
pacida
des Té
cnicas: C
onhe
cimen
tos, hab
ilida
des, sistem
a de
partilha
da
s inform
açõe
s, etc.
Capa
cida
des centrais: Sistem
a de
incentivos, Sistem
a do
pessoal, e
tc.
b) Gestão
Estratégia da organiza
ção, Lideran
ça e to
mad
a de
decisõ
es, p
oliticas d
e ba
se, com
unicaç
ões, estructura organizativ
a, cultura das organ
izaçõe
s,
etc.
c) Con
texto Externo
A po
lítica do
gov
erno
, institui
ção, gov
erna
nça, partic
ipaç
ão cidad
ã, a
posse de
partes interessad
as, e
tc.
d) In
put
Recursos in
telectua
is, re
cursos m
ateriais, re
cursos fiscais, re
cursos
human
os, d
e fornecim
ento firm
e de
recursos, sistem
a de
orçam
ento,
despesas e sa
ída, etc.
27
Parc
eiro
sPa
pel
Prob
lem
as/Q
uest
ões
(Exemplo) Fase de
Preve
nção
/Mitiga
ção
ARA Ce
ntro Norte
DNA
Supe
rvision
ar •
••••
••
Observar •
••••
••
Observar •
••••
••
Mon
itorar •
••••
••
Repo
rtar
••••
•••
Mon
itorar •
••••
••
• • • • • • •
• • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • •
• • • • • • •
• • • • • • • •
• • • • • • •
1
28
Parc
eiro
sPa
pel
Prob
lem
as/Q
uest
ões
(Exemplo) Fase de
Prepa
raçã
o
ARA Ce
ntro Norte
DNA
Supe
rvision
ar •
••••
••
Observar •
••••
••
Observar •
••••
••
Mon
itorar •
••••
••
Repo
rtar
••••
•••
Mon
itorar •
••••
••
• • • • • • •
• • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • •
• • • • • • •
• • • • • • • •
• • • • • • •
2
AP - 204
8
29
Parc
eiro
sPa
pel
Prob
lem
as/Q
uest
ões
(Exemplo) Fase de
resposta a Emerge
ncia
ARA Ce
ntro Norte
DNA
Supe
rvision
ar •
••••
••
Observar •
••••
••
Observar •
••••
••
Mon
itorar •
••••
••
Repo
rtar
••••
•••
Mon
itorar •
••••
••
• • • • • • •
• • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • •
• • • • • • •
• • • • • • • •
• • • • • • •
3
30
Parc
eiro
sPa
pel
Prob
lem
as/Q
uest
ões
(Exemplo) Fase da
Recon
strucção
e Reh
abilita
ção
ARA Ce
ntro Norte
DNA
Supe
rvision
ar •
••••
••
Observar •
••••
••
Observar •
••••
••
Mon
itorar •
••••
••
Repo
rtar
••••
•••
Mon
itorar •
••••
••
• • • • • • •
• • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • •
• • • • • • •
• • • • • • • •
• • • • • • •
4
31
Seleção do
s problem
as cen
trais
Faz favor de selecion
ar os p
roblem
as prin
cipa
is qu
e de
veria
m se
r end
ereç
ado a sua
organiza
ção
32
3. Ana
lise do
s problem
as
AP - 205
9
33
Analise
dos problem
as
•Pa
ra com
pree
nder a situ
ação
actua
l•Através d
a an
alise
dos problem
as
existentes
da organ
izaçã
o•Através d
a rela
ção causa efeito
•Pa
ra m
ostrar a fo
rma da
arvore do
s prob
lemas
34
Arvo
re dos problem
as (E
xemplo)
Exem
plo: The
Pub
lic Bus Corpo
ratio
n of L.City
Os
acid
ente
s en
volv
endo
a
empr
esa
de a
utoc
arro
s pú
blic
os
ocor
rem
com
fre
quên
cia.
Os
auto
carr
os s
ão
prop
enso
s a
ter
prob
lem
as.
Os
auto
carr
os s
ão v
elho
s.O
s au
toca
rros
est
ão e
m
mau
est
ado
de
cons
erva
ção .
As
insp
ecçõ
es
periód
icas
não
são
re
aliz
adas
.
Os
Mec
ânic
os s
ão
mal
tre
inad
os.
As
estr
adas
não
são
be
m c
uida
das.
Os
mot
oris
tas
não
cum
pram
as
regr
as
de t
râns
ito.
São
cau
sado
s en
garr
afam
ento
s .
Os
tran
spor
tes
da L
. City
são
impe
dido
spa
ra o
s ci
dadã
os.
Os
pass
agei
ros
são
ferido
s e
mor
tos
em
acid
ente
s.
Os
pass
agei
ros
têm
pou
ca
conf
ianç
a na
em
pres
a de
pr
opried
ade
públ
ica.
(Pro
blem
a Pr
inci
pal)
(Cau
sas
dire
ctas
)
(Efe
itos
dire
ctos
)
35
Como cond
uzir a an
alise
dos problem
as
1)Iden
tificar os p
roblem
as prin
cipa
is2)
Escrever os p
roblem
as que
dire
ctam
ente cau
sam os
prob
lemas prin
cipa
is (Cau
sas d
irectas)
3)De
term
inar as c
ausas d
irectas das Cau
sas D
irectas
aos p
roblem
as (e
m 2) e
com
o sobra) e re
petir o
mesmo proced
imen
to4)
Escrever os p
roblem
as que
dire
ctam
ente cau
sam os
prob
lemas prin
cipa
is (Cau
sas d
irectas)
5)De
term
inar os p
roblem
as cau
sado
s pelos efeito
s directos e re
petir o m
esmo proced
imen
to
36
Cartõe
s das re
gras para escrever os p
roblem
as (1
)
1)Indicar o
s problem
as existen
tes.
2)Escrever os p
roblem
as →
nega
vos d
a situa
ção
presen
te.
3)Escrever uma prob
lema po
r cartão.
4)De
screver o
problem
a em
uma frase.
5) Não
incluir a
s ambo
s as c
ausas e
o efeito
s do prob
lema
em um cartão. e.g.
(x) C
apacidad
es té
cnicas sã
o inad
equa
das e
os veículos s
ão em m
ãos c
ondi
ções.
(○) ‐os veículos s
ão em m
ãos c
ondi
ções.
(x) C
apacidad
es té
cnicas sã
o inad
equa
das e
AP - 206
10
37
Cartõe
s das re
gras para escrever os p
roblem
as
(1)
6) Experim
entar e
vitar e
xpressõe
s com
o ne
nhum
a solu
ção/recurso
édispon
ível
Invés, Descrever as c
ondi
ções re
sulta
ntes da
falta
ou ab
sência de solu
ções ou recursos
particulares e.g.
(×) N
ão te
m nen
hum hospital.
(○) A
s pessoas não
pod
em re
cebe
r tratamen
tos
méd
icos ade
quad
os.
38
Anal
ise
dos
prob
lem
as•
Tent
ar a
ana
lise
dos
prob
lem
as c
omeç
ando
pa
ra o
pro
blem
a pr
inci
pal s
elec
iona
do n
o ex
ercí
cio
1•
Dis
cuss
ão fa
cilit
ada
para
um
gru
po d
e fa
cilit
ador
es.
•Te
mpo
Útil
:
Exercício 2
39
4. A
nalis
e do
s ob
ject
ivos
40
Anal
ise
dos
obje
ctiv
os?
•Pa
ra m
ostra
rSol
uçõe
s de
sejá
veis
um
a ve
z qu
e o
prob
lem
a se
rá re
solv
ido,
eto
das
as s
oluç
ões
poss
ívei
sfo
ram
con
segu
idas
•Em
aco
rdo
com
a re
laçã
o M
eios
-Efe
itos
entre
as
situ
açõe
s de
sejá
veis
que
ser
ão
atin
gida
s um
a ve
z qu
e os
pro
blem
as s
ão
reso
lvid
os, e
as
solu
ções
par
a os
mes
mos
•E
para
mos
trar n
a fo
rma
da a
rvor
e do
s ob
ject
ivos
AP - 207
11
41
Arvo
re d
os o
bjec
tivos
Exem
plo:
The
Pub
lic B
us C
orpo
ratio
n of
L.C
ity
Os
acid
ente
s en
volv
endo
a
empr
esa
de a
utoc
arro
s pú
blic
os s
ão r
eduz
idos
.
Os
auto
carr
os t
em
prob
lem
as r
aram
ente
Os
auto
carr
os
antig
os s
ão
pouc
os
As
com
petê
ncia
s do
s m
ecân
icos
sã
o m
elho
rada
s
As
insp
ecçõ
es
periód
icas
são
re
aliz
adas
.
Os
mec
ânic
os
adqu
irem
hab
ilida
des
nece
ssár
ias.
As
estr
adas
são
m
antid
os
adeq
uada
men
te.
Os
enga
rraf
amen
tos
são
redu
zido
s.
Prog
ress
ivam
ente
os
tran
spor
tes
para
os
cida
dãos
L.
Cid
ade
são
mel
hora
dos.
Men
os p
assa
geiros
são
fe
rido
s e
mor
tos
em
acid
ente
s.
Os
pass
agei
ros
têm
aum
enta
do a
co
nfia
nça
na e
mpr
esa
dos
auto
carr
os p
úblic
o.
(Obj
ectiv
o Pr
inci
pal)
(Mei
os d
irec
ots)
(Fim
dir
ecto
)
Os
cond
utor
es
resp
eita
m a
s re
gras
de
trân
sito
.
Os
mot
oris
tas
são
trei
nado
s
Os
auto
carr
os v
elho
s sã
o su
bstit
uído
s po
r no
vos.
As
Inst
alaç
ões
de
man
uten
ção
são
mel
hora
das.
42
Como cond
uzir um
ana
lise do
s ob
jecitvos (1
)•
Todo
s os c
artões dos objetivos devem
ter
frases que
descrevem
situ
açõe
s desejad
as.
1)Iden
tificar os o
bjecitv
os prin
cipa
is2)
Escrever os m
eios dire
ctos para o ob
jectivo
principa
l (Meios Dire
ctos)
3)De
term
inar m
eios dire
ctos dos M
eios Dire
ctos
aos p
roblem
as (e
m 2) e
com
o sobra) e re
petir o
mesmo proced
imen
to.
43
4)Escrever os o
bjectiv
os dire
ctos para os
objectivos prin
cipa
is (Fins Directos)
5)De
term
inar os o
bjectiv
os dire
ctos para os
Fins Dire
ctors e
repe
tir o m
esmo
proced
imen
to
Se necessário
,
•Re
visão da
s dem
onstrações
•Ad
iciona
r nov
os cartões
•Elim
inar algun
s cartões
Como cond
uzir um
ana
lise do
s ob
jecitvos (2
)
44
Anal
ise
dos
obje
ctiv
os•
Espe
rimen
tar a
anl
ise
dos
obje
ctiv
os
base
ada
na a
rvor
e do
s pr
oble
mas
pr
epar
ada
no e
xerc
icio
2.
•D
iscu
ssão
faci
litad
a pa
ra u
m g
roup
o de
fa
cilit
ador
es.
•Te
mpo
Util
: Ex
ercicio 3
AP - 208
12
45
5. Selec
ção do
projecto
46
Selecção
do projecto
•Nem
todo
s os m
eios so
bre os Objetivos da
árvo
re
pode
m se
r implem
entado
s devido a vá
rias restriçõe
s•
Ène
cess
ária a fo
rmulaç
ão a partir de projectos d
e um
a pa
rte da
árvore.
•As se
cçõe
s "Meios‐fins" d
a árvo
re fo
rmam
um grupo
qu
e represen
tam um projeto can
dida
to .
•Grupo
s reu
nido
s em dire
ção ao
cen
tro são
cham
ados de "abo
rdagen
s".
•As abo
rdagen
s devem
ser d
ados nom
es que
indicam
claram
ente o que
será
alcanç
ado em
cad
a ab
orda
gem.
47
Inde
ntifi
car a
s ab
orda
gens
Exem
plo:
The
Pub
lic B
us C
orpo
ratio
n of
L.C
ity
Os
acid
ente
s en
volv
endo
a
empr
esa
de a
utoc
arro
s pú
blic
os s
ão r
eduz
idos
.
Os
auto
carr
os
rara
men
te t
em
prob
lem
as
Pouc
os
auto
carr
os s
ão
velh
os
Hab
ilida
des
de
mec
ânic
o sã
o m
elho
rada
s.
As
insp
ecçõ
es
periód
icas
são
re
aliz
adas
.
Os
mec
ânic
os
adqu
irem
hab
ilida
des
nece
ssár
ias.
As
estr
adas
são
m
antid
as
adeq
uada
men
te.
(Obj
ectiv
o Pr
inci
pal)
(Mei
os D
irec
tos)
Os
cond
utor
es
resp
eita
m a
s re
gras
de
trân
sito
.
Os
mot
oris
tas
são
trei
nado
s
Os
auto
carr
os v
elho
s sã
o su
bstit
uído
s po
r
novo
s.
As
inst
alaç
ões
de
mel
horia
da
man
uten
ção
são
mel
hora
das
●Abo
rdag
em
de
trei
nam
ento
do
s m
otor
ista
s●
Abo
rdag
em d
a m
elho
rias
dos
veí
culo
s●
Abo
rdag
em d
a co
nduç
ão s
egur
a
●Abo
rdag
em
de m
elho
ria
de e
stra
da
48
Seleção do
projecto
•Te
ntar a Seleç
ão de Projetos com
base
nos o
bjectiv
os da
árvo
re prepa
rada
no
Exercício 3.
•Discussão facilitad
a pa
ra um grupo
de
facilitad
ores.
•Te
mpo
Útil: Ex
ercício 4
AP - 209
13
49
6. Formaç
ão do PD
M
50
O que
um PDM
•Um fo
rmato pa
ra m
ostrar as c
ompo
nentes
essenciais do
projeto, com
o ob
jetiv
os,
activ
idad
es, e
ntrada
, risc
os, ind
icad
ores, e
tc.,
juntam
ente com
as s
uas inter‐relaç
ões l
ógicas.
•També
m cha
mad
o como "U
m re
sumo de
pá
gina
" de
um projeto
•Semelha
nte ao
Qua
dro Ló
gico empregad
o po
r muitas agên
cias doa
doras
51
Form
ado do
PDM
51
Precon
ditio
nCo
ndition
s that m
ust b
e fulfilled be
fore a project
starts.
Inpu
tsPe
rson
nel, materials, equ
ipmen
t, facilities, and
fund
s requ
ired by th
e project
Activ
ities
Specific actio
ns ta
ken to
prod
uce Outpu
ts
Outpu
tsStrategies fo
r achieving
the Project P
urpo
se
Project P
urpo
seObjectiv
e that th
e project
shou
ld achieve with
in th
e project d
uration
(See
next slid
e.)
Data so
urces from
which
indicators are derived
.Stan
dards for m
easurin
g project a
chievemen
t
Overall Goa
lDirection that th
e project
shou
ld ta
ke next
Impo
rtan
t Assum
ption
Mea
ns of V
erificatio
nObjectiv
ely Ve
rifiable
Indicators
Narrativ
e Su
mmary
Pré‐cond
içõe
sCon
diçõ
es q
ue d
evem
se
r cu
mpr
idas
ant
es q
ue
um p
roje
to c
omeç
a.
Inpu
tsPe
ssoa
l, m
ater
iais
, eq
uipa
men
tos,
inst
alaç
ões,
e
os fun
dos
requ
erid
os p
elo
proj
eto
Activ
idad
esM
edid
as e
spec
ífica
s to
mad
as p
ara
prod
uzir
saíd
as
Outpu
tsEs
trat
égia
s pa
ra
alca
nçar
o O
bjet
ivo
do
Proj
eto
Objectiv
o do
Projecto
Obj
etiv
o qu
e o
proj
eto
deve
alc
ança
r de
ntro
da
dura
ção
do p
roje
cto
As
font
es d
e da
dos
a pa
rtir d
o qu
al o
s in
dica
dore
s sã
o de
riva
dos
.N
orm
as p
ara
med
ir a
re
aliz
ação
do
proj
eto
Objectiv
o Geral
Direç
ão q
ue o
pro
jeto
de
ve t
omar
em
seg
uida
Supo
siçõe
s impo
rtan
tes
Meios de Av
aliação
Indicado
res avaliáveis
abjectivam
ente
Sumario Narrativ
o
Nom
e do
Projecto
：Ve
r.No:
Área alvo:
Grupo
Alvo:
Date:
：Tempo
do Projecto
Ver.N
o:Da
ta:
52
Form
ação
do
PDM
•Te
ntar
pre
para
r o P
DM
par
a a
abor
daje
m
sele
cion
ada
no E
xerc
iço
4.•
Dis
cuss
ão fa
cilit
ada
para
um
gro
upo
de
faci
litad
ores
.•
Tem
po U
til:
Exercicio 5
AP - 210
14
53
7. Presentaç
ão
54
Presen
taçã
o•Arvo
re dos problem
as•Arvo
re dos objectiv
os•PD
M:
•Que
stõe
s e Respo
stas
•Te
mpo
: 15 minutos
Exercício 6
55
Referencias
•Project C
ycle M
anagem
ent, Man
agem
ent
Tools for Develop
men
t Assistan
ce,
Participatory Plan
ning
, 5th editio
n, M
arch
2001
, FAS
ID•Introd
uctio
n of PCM
and
Introd
uctio
n of PCM
an
d Iden
tification of Problem
s and
Iden
tification of Problem
s and
Possib
le
Solutio
ns, U
NEP
“Sustainab
le San
itatio
n Seminar
”15/12
/200
4, FAS
ID56
Car
ibb
ean
Dis
aste
r M
anag
emen
t P
roje
ct P
has
e 2
AP - 211
1
Revend
o a resposta das agências
relacion
adas para As che
ias‐20
15
Aplican
do a ta
belatop exercício
1
EXER
CÍCIO DE DESAS
TRE
1.
2
Exercícios de de
sastres n
o Japã
o
3
Tipo
de Exercício
Exercício no
cam
poTabletop
Exercise
AP - 212
2
4
Exercício no
cam
po•Pa
ra m
elho
rar a
proficiência nos
proced
imen
tos respon
dentes e nas ope
rações
de equ
ipam
ento e re
petin
do‐as no
cam
po•Pa
ra con
firmar‐se as ope
rações do de
sastres
são cond
uzidas para tomar procedimen
tos
pred
eterminad
os.
5
Tipo
logia do
treina
men
to no campo
•Exercício de
evacuação
•Exercício de
fogo
•Form
ação
para o resgate
•Form
ação
de construçõe
s em
sacos d
e areia
•Form
ação
em
inform
açõe
s e
comun
icação
6Exercício de
Cam
po e Tab
letop Exercise
Exercício no
cam
po
Tabletop
Exercise
Atingir h
abilida
des
Melho
rar a
predição da
s capa
cida
des
Melho
rar a
proficiência
Melho
rar a
tomad
a de
de
cisão
Simulaçõe
sEn
saios
7
TABL
ETOP EX
ERCISE
1.
AP - 213
3
8
1. Tipolog
ia de Tabletop
Exercise
•Tabletop
O exercício é uma da
s ferramen
tas
para desen
volver bom
sen
so e verificar o
s plan
os con
tra de
sastres.
•Existem
vários tipos de tabletop
Exercise
s•Tabletop
Exercise
spod
em ser classificado
s po
r nível p
ratico e dificulda
de.
9
Tipo
logia de
Tab
letop Exercise
Dificuldades
Prat
icab
ilidad
e
Imagem
‐form
ação
DIG
Cena
rio‐
Driven
Role‐Playing
10
2. Im
agem
‐form
ação
•Ca
pacida
de de im
aginação
de situa
ção de
de
sastre e a re
sposta necessária
pod
e ser
desenvolvida
com
base em
inform
açõe
s fornecidas pela fase de de
sastres.
•Po
de se
r rea
lizad
a facilm
ente, sem
muita
prep
aração
.•Alvo pod
e ser tan
to in
dividu
al e em grupo
.
11
O que
é uma im
agem
?•Co
mo o de
sastre pod
e acon
tecer?
•Que
dam
nospo
dem acontecer?
•A im
agem
mostra as possib
ilida
des concretas
(qua
ndo, ond
e, com
o e qu
e, etc.)
•Qua
is med
idas são
necessária
s para a situa
ção
•Que
obstáculos, dificuldad
es e preocup
açõe
s você te
m?
AP - 214
4
12
3. Disa
ster
ImaginationGam
e (DIG)
•Um ta
bletop
exercise
simples pod
e ser
cond
uzido pa
ra qua
lque
r pessoa
•Através d
o uso de
uma larga escala de map
a e
marker(cane
ta)
•Diversas in
form
açõe
s, com
o lugares p
erigosos,
rota de evacua
ção segu
ra, lug
ares de
evacua
ção, etc. são
indicada
s no
map
a através
de disc
ussão en
tre os partic
ipan
tes
13
Características da DIG
•Discussão do
s eventos extremos no map
a•Co
nsidera as áreas de inun
dação, ro
tas d
e evacua
ção, plano
s de evacua
ção no
map
a
14
4. Cen
ario‐driv
en Tab
letop Exercise
•O exercício é con
duzid
o através d
a discussão
basead
a no
cen
ario.
•Este exercício é usado
para de
senvolver o
u melho
rar o
plano
de gestão
de de
sastres p
ara
o de
sastre em grand
e escala
•Vá
rias c
ontram
edidas pod
e ser c
onsid
erad
a com base em
um cen
ário
15
Cena
rio‐driv
en Tab
letop Exercise
•O cen
ario
é providen
ciad
o •Co
ntro‐m
edidas são
con
siderad
as basea
da no
cena
rioda
do
AP - 215
5
16
5. Role‐playing Tabletop
Exercise
•O exercício é uma sim
ulação
do centro de
operaçõe
s de em
ergência
•O exercício é con
duzid
o em
uma situa
ção de
de
sastre simulad
a•Para treina
r o tratam
ento da inform
ação
e
capa
cida
de de tomad
a de
decisã
o du
rante a
emergência
•O exercício é re
aliza
do dividindo
‐se em
dois
grup
os "P
layer" e "C
ontroller"
•Os "
Jogado
res" não
con
hecem o cen
ário do
exercício em
tudo
.
17
Role‐playing
Tab
letop Exercise
18
CENAR
IO‐DRIVE
N TAB
LETO
P EX
ERCISE
(DETAL
HE)
6.
19
Características
•Ideias de vária
s con
tram
edidas pod
e ser
desenvolvida
s com base no
cen
ário de
desastre possív
el•Plan
o de
acção
concreto pod
e ser p
repa
rado
pa
ra o cen
ário de de
sastre possív
el•Plan
o pa
ra a Red
ução
do Risco de
Desastres
pode
m ser prepa
rado
s (prep
aração
proactiv
a e ob
ras d
e contramed
idas)
AP - 216
6
20
Cena
rio‐driv
en Ta
bletop
Exercise
Cená
rio
Prob
lema
Contra
Med
idas
Prob
lema
Contra
Med
idas
Prob
lema
Contra
Med
idas
Situação
Situação
Situação
Dis
cuss
ão s
obre
os
parc
eiro
s21
Discussão do
s pap
eis
•Pe
rgun
tas e
Con
firmaçõe
s são
bem
‐vinda
s•Criticas s
ão proibidas
•Uma discussão construtiva sem criticas in
úteis
ou negativas
22
Exercício (M
ozam
biqu
e Ch
eias 201
5)
Se o te
mpo
pod
eria voltar p
ara
Se o te
mpo
pod
eria voltar p
ara
atrás, e
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1
Procedimentos para o Cenário-driven Tabletop Exercise (TTX) Sobre o Desastre da cheia de 2015
1. Trabalho em grupo Formar equipes mistas de várias agências com aproximadamente
7/6 pessoas.
1) Um presidente e um secretário por grupo: Cada grupo terá um Presidente e um
Secretário de Grupo a ser selecionados pelos membros do grupo, no início dos
trabalhos de grupo.
2) O Presidente presidirá e gerenciará os trabalhos de grupo, e o Secretário de Grupo
terá registros ou resumos dos resultados dos debates. 2. (S3.2) Grupo de trabalho-1 (3º dia - Manhã): Revisão do desastre das cheias de 2015
1) Respostas Com base na experiência do respectivo grupo, os seguintes são para ser resumidos para as respectivas categorias de trabalho, tais como: 1) Alerta, 2) Prevenção e Operação, 3) Relações Públicas, 4) Comunicação, 5) Donações, 6) Pedido de manutenção da paz, 7) Alívio de Reabilitação e 8) Administração e outros. Resposta efectivas O problema que precisa mais consideração
As respostas obtidas durante o desastre das cheias de 2015
Respostas efectivas obtidas Problemas e questões deixadas para o
futuro 1) Alerta: ・ ・ ・
・ ・ ・
2) Prevenção e Operação: ・ ・ ・
・ ・ ・
3) Relações publicas: ・ ・ ・
・ ・ ・
4) Comunicações: ・ ・ ・
・ ・ ・
5) Donações: ・ ・ ・
・ ・ ・
6) Manutenção da ordem: ・ ・ ・
・ ・ ・
7) Reabilitação do Socorro:
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2
・ ・ ・
・ ・ ・
8) Administração e outros: ・ ・ ・
・ ・ ・
【Notas】 1) Respostas eficazes efectivamente tomadas e os problemas encontrados devem ser
escritos simplesmente em notas (post-it) e estão dispostas no formato mostrado. 2) Para respostas eficazes os nomes dos organismos devem ser adicionados no final da
descrição. 3) Os tempos dos trabalhos devem ser geridos pelo presidente em cada grupo, de modo
que a revisão deve passar por itens integrais dentro do período de tempo determinado.
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3. (S3.2) Grupo de trabalho-2 (3º dia - Manhã): A tabela cronológica dos principais eventos durante o desastre das cheias de 2015 (cenário) é preparada de acordo com os procedimentos seguintes.
1) Preparação dos cartões dos eventos: cada um dos principais eventos durante as cheias de 2015 está escrito em cada cartão com data e hora (se disponível) da ocorrência (Event-Card).
2) Preparação do Cenário: Cartões de eventos são colocados a bordo em ordem cronológico. Os cartões dos eventos devem ser adicionados e / ou modificados, se for considerado necessário depois de olhar através de uma série de eventos-cards. A cronologia dos cartões eventos adicionados e / ou modificados serão usados como um cenário- driven tabletop Exercise.
Eventos Principais durante as cheias de 2015 (Cenário)
Região: Província:
Período de resposta: Desde até
Evento N.
Data Tempo: Eventos importantes e informação que precisam de respostas por parte das agencias relacionadas
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
【Notas】 1) O evento que ocorreu antes do período de desastre também deve ser incluído no
cenário, se está estreitamente relacionado com o evento durante o desastre. 2) O evento que ocorreu em outras regiões pode ser adicionado no cenário, se for
necessário.
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4. (S3.4) Guiões (3º dia Tarde): Antes da implementação do Cenário Tabletop Exercise, são explicados os procedimentos de exercícios, e prós e contras.
5. (S3.5) Scenario-driven Tabletop Exercise (3º dia Tarde):
1) Exercício: De acordo com o cenário, as discussões são feitas para propor uma resposta / medida melhor nas respectivas situações de grandes eventos, a partir de três aspectos a seguir. As Respostas a serem tomadas durante o desastre, a fim de prevenir ou
atenuar a perda de vidas e danos materiais As Respostas a serem tomadas durante o desastre, a fim de prevenir ou
atenuar a perda de vidas e danos materiais
Os resultados do Cenário TTX (Melhores respostas possiveis) Evento
N. Resposta:
Resposta as ser dada Durante o Desastre
Prevenção/Preparação Resposta as ser dada
Antes do desastre 1.
・ ・ ・
・ ・ ・
2. ・ ・ ・
・ ・ ・
3. ・ ・ ・
・ ・ ・
・ ・ ・
・ ・ ・
・ ・ ・
6. (S3.6) Preparação dos resultados do TTX (3º dia tarde):
1) Preparação dos resultados do TTX ： Depois do TTX, os resultados dos exercícios serão apresentados a todos os participantes das seguintes forma pelos representantes dos grupos selecionados da seguinte forma.
(1) Presentação dos conteúdos: (1) esboço do cenário, e (2) as respostas
propostas para um ou dois importantes eventos selecionados para fora do cenário. É preferível selecionar um caso em que não é apresentada por outros grupos.
(2) Tempo da presentação Por cada apresentador, serão dados __________minutos para a presentação
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Appendix 2-3
Baseline Survey Report
Presentation of Baseline Survey Result
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ASSISTANCE FOR ENHANCEMENT
OF INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY TO
MANAGE WATER RELATED
DISASTER RISKS IN MOZAMBIQUE
Baseline Survey Report
July 2015
Japan International Cooperation Agency
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Table of Contents Chapter 1 Major Rivers ........................................................................................................................ 1
(1) Overview .................................................................................................................... 1 (2) Collected GIS Data .................................................................................................... 2 (3) DEM Data .................................................................................................................. 6 (4) Hydrological Data ...................................................................................................... 7 (5) Related Report on Major River Basins ...................................................................... 8
Chapter 2 Law and Regulation ........................................................................................................... 10 (1) Water Law (No.16/1991) .......................................................................................... 10 (2) National Disaster Management Law (No. 15/2014) ................................................ 11 (3) Local State Bodies Law (No. 8/2003) ...................................................................... 13 (4) National Service for Public Law (No. 3/2009)......................................................... 13 (5) Ministerial Decree No. 142/2012: Regulation of DNA ........................................... 13
Chapter 3 Policy and Plan .................................................................................................................. 14 (1) Water Policy (2007) ................................................................................................. 14 (2) National Strategy for Water Resource Management (2007) .................................... 15 (3) Master Plan for Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Disasters ............................. 16 (4) Contingency Plan (2014-2015) ................................................................................ 17 (5) National Progress Report on the Implementation of the HFA (Final version) ......... 19
Chapter 4 Organization ...................................................................................................................... 28 (1) New Government Ministries .................................................................................... 28 (2) Roles of Organizations in charge of Disaster Risk Management ............................. 28 (3) Major Roles of DNA and ARAs ............................................................................... 40 (4) Emergency Operations ............................................................................................. 44 (5) Flood Monitoring and Warning ................................................................................ 52 (6) Human Resources Management ............................................................................... 54 (7) Budget of DNA ........................................................................................................ 57 (8) Capacity Assessment Workshop applying PCM Method ......................................... 58 (9) Scenario-driven Tabletop Exercise on the 2015-Flood Disaster .............................. 65 (10) Reorganization of DNA ......................................................................................... 71 (11) Donors' Assistance in Water Resources Management ............................................ 73 (12) Challenges .............................................................................................................. 75
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Chapter 1 Major Rivers
(1) Overview
Baseline data and information on main rivers in Mozambique are corrected mainly form Water
Resources Department (DRH), DNA in Maputo.
The following 13 river basins are acknowledged as main river basins in Mozambique, of which 9 river
basins are categorized in cross-border rivers.
1. Maputo *
2. Umbeluzi *
3. Incomati *
4. Limpopo *
5. Save *
6. Buzi *
7. Pungoe *
8. Zambeze *
9. Licungo
10. Ligonha
11. Lurio
12. Messalo
13. Rovuma *
*: cross-border river
Location of 13 main river basins is illustrated in Figure 1.1 by applying USGS HydroSHEDS GIS data.
General topographical basin feature of 13 major river basins are also summarized in Table 1-1.
Source data: USGS HydroSHEDS GIS data
Figure 1.1 Location of 13 Major River Basin
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Table 1-1 General Topographical Feature of 13 Major River Basins
ARAs No. River basin Basin area (km2) (*1) Stream length (km) (*2)
Remarks Inside MOZ
Outside MOZ
Total Inside MOZ
Outside MOZ
Total
ARA South （Maputo）
1 Maputo 1,700 (6%)
28,600 (94%)
30,300 150
(27%)415
(73%) 565
Cross-border; South Africa, Swaziland
2 Umbeluzi 2,300 (42%)
3,200 (58%)
5,500 100
(32%)214
(68%) 314
Cross-border; South Africa, Swaziland
3 Incomati 15,300(33%)
31,300 (67%)
46,600 283
(40%)431
(60%) 714
Cross-border; South Africa Swaziland
4 Limpopo 79,400(19%)
328,500(81%)
407,900561
(38%)900
(62%) 1,461
Cross-border; South Africa, Botswana, Zimbabwe
5 Save 17,500(17%)
84,800 (83%)
102,300330
(45%)405
(55%) 735
Cross-border; Zimbabwe
ARA Central （Beira）
6 Buzi 24,800(87%)
3,700 (13%)
28,500 320
(89%)40
(11%) 360
Cross-border; Zimbabwe
7 Pungoe 29,500(95%)
1,400 (5%)
30,900 322
(87%)50
(13%) 372
Cross-border; Zimbabwe
ARA Zambezi （Tete）
8 Zambeze 157,200(11%)
1,235,000(89%)
1,392,200820
(30%)1,880 (70%)
2,700
Cross-border; Angola, Zambia, D. P. Congo, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Malawi
ARA Central North （Nampla）
9 Licungo 23,100(100%)
0 (0%)
23,100 336
(100%)0
(0%) 336
10 Ligonha 14,900(100%)
0 (0%)
14,900 295
(100%)0
(0%) 295
11 Lurio 61,600(100%)
0 (0%)
61,600 605
(100%)0
(0%) 605
ARA North （Pemba）
12 Messalo 24,800(100%)
0 (0%)
24,800 530
(100%)0
(0%) 530
13 Rovuma 102,900(63%)
61,200 (37%)
164,100650
(81%)150
(19%) 800 Cross-border
Source: (*1): USGS HydroSHEDS GIS data, (*2): Basic Hydrographic Scale 1:2,000,000
(2) Collected GIS Data
Flowing GIS data were obtained from DNA;
Administration boulder: 10 provinces, 131 districts, 408 localities
including 1997 census data (population, household, religion, electrification, water supply, etc.)
Road network
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River network
Geological map
Land use map
River basin boundary: 58 river basin in Mozambique
ARAs boundary:
Others
Outline of these data are illustrated below;
131 Districts 408 Localities
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Distribution of Population Distribution of Households
Road Network River Network
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Geological Map Land Use Map
58 Basin Boundary 5 ARAs Boundary
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Concerns and further activity;
Several coordinate systems such as GCS_WGS84, UTM 36S, LZ, etc. are applied, but not well
managed or not defined as GIS data. Verification and proper definition of available GIS data are
required.
Census data in 1997 are available however that information is rather old. Latest information
should be collected.
Delineation methods for some basin boundaries are not clear. Re-delineation of basin boundary
by using latest D available EM is required.
(3) DEM Data
DEM (Digital Elevation Model) data for the basin analysis and modelling were collected from serval
open web data sources such as SRTM-1Arc (1 arc-second: 30m x 30m), ASTER GDEM (1
arc-second: 30m x 30m), GMTED 2010 (7.5 arc-second: 250m x 250m).
GMTED 2010 (7.5 arc-second) ASTER GDEM (near Zambezia)
Concerns and further activity;
Open DEM data can be applied in mountainous area with acceptable accuracy however low
accuracy in low-lying/floodplain. Adequate DEM or revising DEM for modeling are required.
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(4) Hydrological Data
Water Resources Department (DRH) in DNA is managing DNA's own hydrological data (rainfall,
water-level, discharge, discharge measurement records) by using mainly "HYDATA" (hydrological
data processing and analysis system).
Over 20 years records are available at 458 rainfall stations, 195 water-level stations and 131 discharge
stations. General status of HYDATA database (as of Feb. 2015) is summarized below;
Summary of Registered Stations in Database (Unit: number of station)
No. ARA Station registered Station with record
Rainfall Water Level Discharge Rainfall Water Level Discharge
1 ARA Sul 300 181 133 292 169 98
2 ARA Centro 220 97 74 214 90 56
3 ARA Zambeze 353 131 46 277 77 27
4 ARA Centro-Norte 361 140 113 341 124 101
5 ARA Norte 114 71 52 111 58 39
Total 1,348 620 418 1,235 518 321
Outline of Hydrological Record by Station (Unit: number of station)
Rainfall Station HYDATA Record (year)
Total 0 1~10 11~20 21~
1) ARA-Sul 8 93 60 139 300
2) ARA-Centro 6 90 45 79 220
3) ARA-Zambeze 76 104 88 85 353
4) ARA-Centro-Norte 20 111 102 128 361
5) ARA-Norte 3 47 37 27 114
Total 113 445 332 458 1,348
Water-level Station HYDATA Record (year)
Total 0 1~10 11~20 21~
1) ARA-Sul 12 60 35 74 181
2) ARA-Centro 7 43 17 30 97
3) ARA-Zambeze 54 44 13 20 131
4) ARA-Centro-Norte 16 37 27 60 140
5) ARA-Norte 13 34 13 11 71
Total 102 218 105 195 620
Discharge Station HYDATA Record (year)
Total 0 1~10 11~20 21~
1) ARA-Sul 35 25 33 40 133
2) ARA-Centro 18 18 19 19 74
3) ARA-Zambeze 19 10 7 10 46
4) ARA-Centro-Norte 12 31 17 53 113
5) ARA-Norte 13 22 8 9 52
Total 97 106 84 131 418
Location of rainfall and water-level stations is compiled in GIS data and shown in following Figures.
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And detailed status of each station is summarized in Annex.
Location of Rainfall Station Location of Water-level Station
Concerns and further activity;
Historically, several hydrological data management system (POP, HYDRO and Hydstra) had been
applied. Then, past hydrological data records are compiled in different hydrological databases. So
far, DNA can manage those data but it is quite complicated. Updated hydrological data
management system and integration of hydrological databases are required.
Some stations have no location data or inaccurate information. Adequate updates of status of
stations are required by using GIS.
(5) Related Report on Major River Basins
Following reports on main river basins are available in DNA. No. Title Style Remarks 1 【LIMPOPO】
Monografia hidrografica da bacia do rio Limpopo (Abril 1996) Hydrographic Monograph of Limpopo river basin (April 1996)
Report DNA Library (Available for Limpopo basin in Portuguese version only.)
2 Flood Report 1999/2000 (May 2000) Cheias do ano hydrologico 1999/2000 (Maio 2000)
Report DNA
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No. Title Style Remarks 3 【8 major rivers】
Mozambique Flood Risk Analysis Project report (Feb. 2005) Volume 1: Relatório Principal Volume 2: Bacia do Rio Maputo Volume 3: Bacia do Rio Umbelúzi Volume 4: Bacia do Rio Incomati Volume 5: Bacia do Rio Limpopo Volume 6: Bacia do Rio Save Volume 7: Bacia do Rio Púnguè Volume 8: Bacia do Rio Zambeze Volume 9: Bacia do Rio Licungo
Digital PDF
DNA, DRH, (Water Resources Department)
4 【PUNGWE】 Development of The Pungwe River Basin Joint Integrated Water Resources Management Strategy (Feb. 2006)
Digital PDF
DNA
5 【MAPUTO】 Consultancy for the Integrated Scoping Phase of the Water Resources of the Maputo River Basin Joint Maputo River Basin Study, Water Resources Report (Apr. 2005)
Report DNA Library
6 【MAPUTO】 Consultancy for the Integrated Scoping Phase of the Water Resources of the Maputo River Basin Joint Maputo River Basin Study, Scope of Work for the Assessment of Legal, Institutional and Financial Arrangements (Apr. 2005)
Report DNA Library
7 【MAPUTO】 Joint Maputo River Basin Water Resources Study Hydrological Investigations (Jul. 2007)
Report DNA Library
8 【INCOMATI & MAPUTO】 Consultancy Services for the project on Disaster Management in the Incomati and Maputo Watercourses (Jul. 2011)
IAAP 5: IAAP, Project 5 IAAP: The Implementation Activity and Action Plan for IIMA (Interim IncoMaputo Agreement) Project 5: Disaster Management in the Incomati and Maputo Watercourses
Digital PDF
DNA DRI (International Rivers Department)
9 【BUZI】 Development of The Buzi River Basin Joint Integrated Water Resources Management Strategy (May 2013)
Digital PDF
DNA
10 【SAVE】 The Save River Basin – a shared water resource The Joint Integrated Water Resources Management Strategy (May 2013)
Digital PDF
DNA
11 WB: Transforming Hydrological and Meteorological Services Project (Ppcr-Hydromet) Third Progress Report 2014
Digital PDF
DNA, DRH
"Hydrographic Monograph of Limpopo river basin" (April 1996) describe the details of Limpopo river
and basin situation, such as basin characteristics, water resources, water uses, water management,
international basin, etc.). Only information on Limpopo river basin is available and some information
needs up-to-date. Similar study reports on each main river basin by DNA are desired.
Related study report on northern river basin (Ligonha, Lurio, Messalo and Rovuma) is limited.
General information on other 9 main river basins (Maputo, Umbeluzi, Incomati, Limpopo, Save, Buzi,
Pungoe, Zambeze and Licungo) are extracted from the report No.3 and No.9 in the above.
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Chapter 2 Law and Regulation
(1) Water Law (No.16/1991)
The Water Law (No.16/1991) was established in 1991 in corresponding to increasing demand on water
use for various purpose and necessity of integrated water management. The law defines water as
public domain and provides the institutional structure and responsibilities of organization/individual
for water management.
Because the law focuses on water utilization as described above e.g. water right, concession, fee,
arrangement among various purposes, water quality, it hardly address water related disaster excluding
Article 58 Soil protection in Chapter V Harmful effects of water.
The law is summarized as follows.
Objective To provide the general policy to manage water resource as public domain To give the legal regime for water resource management e.g. conservation, inventory survey,
utilization, control, monitoring, etc. To define competence of the government regarding water management
Outline of the Water Law (No.16/1991)
Water management principle To conduct the integrated management of a river, its drainage basin and groundwater aquifer To implement institutional coordination and participation of the people in major decisions
concerning water management policy To harmonize the water management policy with the land use planning policy and
environmental conservation
Water use Water right Competence Fee, etc.
Water quality Ground water Harmful effect of water Soil protection Sanitation
Article 58 Soil protection ARAs are responsible for soil protection, erosion control, etc. in the upstream of a river
excluding nature preserve. ARAs’ task is water resources development in the rivers, lakes and ponds.
When ARAs implement soil protection works, they have to discuss with other organizations involved in agriculture, forestry, spatial plan and mineral resources.
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(2) National Disaster Management Law (No. 15/2014)
National Disaster Management Law (No. 15/2014) was established in June 2014. The law consists
of 7 chapters including 44 articles as shown in following figure. Contents in each chapter are
summarized as follows.
Chapter I (General Provisions) introduces the objective and scope of the law, and definition, principles
and inter-organizational cooperation of disaster management. Chapter II (Prevention and Mitigation
Measures) includes not only prevention and mitigation, but also preparedness. This chapter describes
early warning system, building code and disaster management training as prevention measures,
production of crops resistant to drought as mitigation measures, and training of operating plan, public
awareness, simulation, securing finance, etc. as preparedness measures. According to the chapter, the
government is responsible to demarcation, mitigation and prevention for risk area. Chapter III
(Warning System) refers to alert level classified into 3 levels by situation of disaster (approaching,
occurring and causing damage). Chapter IV (Disaster Management System) describes the rolls of
organizations related to disaster management e.g. government, Cabinet, media, research agencies, etc.
After Chapter V (Goods/Service Procurement), Chapter VI (Special Protection of Areas and People)
especially focuses on risk area e.g. definition of risk area, building regulation, right and obligation of
residents. Article 37 in this chapter deals with vulnerable people such as older persons, women,
children and persons with disabilities.
According to the law, definition of risk area is important factor for implementing disaster management.
The appropriate countermeasures against disaster should be planed and prioritized depends on the risk
level. However, the low does not describe the organization responsible for defining risk area.
It is highly important that consideration for vulnerable people such as older persons, women, children
and persons with disabilities is mentioned devoting one article (Article 37).
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Outline of National Disaster Management Law
Objective: To establish the legal framework for disaster management at prevention, mitigation,
response, reconstruction and recovery stages. To pursue disaster management through multi-sectoral and multidisciplinary activities. To develop the framework of international commitment and cooperation with other
countries or international organizations.
Principle: Solidarity, justice, effectiveness, participation and cooperation.
Role of bodies concerned: Government: to define the structure and function of disaster management. Resident at risk area: to obey the evacuation order. Civil defense services: to conduct search and rescue operations. Public officials: to cooperate with INGC Media: to disseminate disaster information and warning.
Plan: Disaster Management Plan Contingency Plan
Prevention/Mitigation - Analysis of past disasters and their
impacts - Construction and development projects
resistant to disaster - Building regulation at risk area - Relocation from risk area - Promotion of crops resistant to drought
Preparedness - Disaster insurance - Disaster management fund - Early warning system for meteorology
and earthquake - Stock of emergency material and relief
supplies - Plan, drill and education about
emergency operation - Countermeasures at risk area
Response - Mandatory evacuation order - National/regional emergency declaration - Special consideration to vulnerable
people - Hiring equipment and other properties of
government/private organizations - Extension of payment of tax, finance, etc. - Emergency assistance of food, medicine,
education, evacuation, etc. - Coordination of international emergency
assistance - Warning system (Red, Yellow, Orange)
Rehabilitation/Reconstruction - Financial and technical assistance to
resume socioeconomic activities
Disaster RiskManagement
Cycle
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(3) Local State Bodies Law (No. 8/2003)
The central government distributes budget for planning to provincial government in accordance with
the Local State Bodies Law (No. 8/2003). INGC provincial offices are under the control of each
provincial government not central government (INGC) according to the law. On the other hand, 3
INGC regional offices belong to INGC.
(4) National Service for Public Law (No. 3/2009)
National Service for Public Law (No. 3/2009) was established in April 2009. The objective of the
law is to improve the emergency response for national level such as prompt rescue and search during
disaster.
(5) Ministerial Decree No. 142/2012: Regulation of DNA
According to this Ministerial Decree No. 142/2012 (Regulation of DNA), the functions of DNA are:
a) To propose the definition of policies and strategies for development and utilization of water
resources, potable water supply and sanitation
b) To participate in drafting the legislation on waters
c) To ensure the access to water resources of international hydrographic basins
d) To monitor compliance with the legislation on waters
e) To implement programs in the area of water purification and sanitation
f) To operate the training centers in the area of water resources, water supply and sanitation
RPA RAA RS RPMA RO RF RAP SC RRH RIGORH
DEE DRH DOH DRI DAS DP DAF
UGEAConselho Tecnico
Colectivo de Direccao
DNA
Organization of DNA
UGEA: Management & Execution of Acquisitions Unit ODEE: Department of Strategic Study DRH: Department of Water Resources DOH: Department of Hydraulic Works DRI: Department of International Rivers DAS: Department of Water Supply and Sanitation DP: Department of Planning DAF: Department of Administration and Finance
RIGORH: Division of Information and O&M of water resourcesRPA: Division of Planning and Environment RAA: Division of Water Supply RS: Division of Sanitation RPMA: Division of Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation RO: Division of Budgeting RF: Division of Finance RAP: Division of Administration and Properties RRH: Division of Human Resources SC: Central Secretary
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Chapter 3 Policy and Plan
(1) Water Policy (2007)
The Water Policy was revised in 2007 structured into 4 main parts. Part 1 (Chapter 1) shows the
vison, objectives and policies. Part 2 (Chapter 2-5) describes the needs of water supply and
sanitation for socio-economic activities, environmental aspect, flood and drought. The description
about flood in Chapter 5 is summarized in the box below. Part 3 (Chapter 6-7) deals with the
integrated water resources management focusing on information, planning and development of water
resources. Part 4 (Chapter 8-11) contains cross-cutting issues, i.e. financial aspects, participation of
the private sectors, institutional and legal framework, capacity building and education.
For next step,the mid/long-term plan to realize the policies is required.
Chapter 5 Flood and Drought
5.1 Flood
Main objectives
To prevent loss of life
To minimize the negative social and economic impacts caused by flood - loss of property,
damage to public and private infrastructure, disruption of social and economic life
Policies
Flood warning system will be operated properly and efficiently with close coordination among the
water sector, meteorological sector and civil protection institutions.
Inter-sectorial coordination will be established at the highest level of government in order to ensure
coordination among government agencies, civil society, NGOs and others.
Annual contingency plans at national, provincial and district levels will be prepared based on a
participatory approach to encourage a broad involvement of all stakeholders.
Close cooperation with the upstream countries will be established in order to improve the efficient
flood warning systems by exchanging hydrological information in real time before and during the
floods.
The mitigation of negative impacts of flooding will be improved through a variety of methods
including:
Zoning of flood plains of major rivers and licensing of permanent occupations in these areas
Dike to protect urban centers in flood plain
Appropriate planning and construction of roads, bridges and other infrastructures crossing flood
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plains
Regular review of the operation rules for all large dams for appropriate operation during floods
incorporating flood forecasting and making adjustments at the beginning of the rainy season.
Revision of the dam operation rules to prevent small floods
Including flood mitigation component in new large dam projects
(2) National Strategy for Water Resource Management (2007)
National Strategy for Water Resource Management was approved by Parliament in August 2007.
The strategy consists of 8 fields that are water resource management, water supply/sanitation, water
development, economy/finance, private sector, gender, institutional cooperation and institutional
strengthening, as illustrated in the following figure. It shows the policy, mid-term strategy and
short-term strategy for flood management.
The priority of the mid- and short-term strategies needs to be modified in accordance with the national
disaster management law. For example, “to clarify flood inundated area” and “flood risk evaluation”
listed in mid-term strategy will be ranked as a higher priority because the law describes the land use
according to disaster risk.
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(3) Master Plan for Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Disasters
2006-2015 version
Master Plan for Prevention and Mitigation of National Disasters (2006 -) was prepared by INGC based
on National Policy on Disaster Management (1999) in order to materialize the Hyogo Framework of
Action. The objectives of the plan are (a) to reduce vulnerability to drought in arid region, (b) to
mitigate human and property damages caused by natural disasters, (c) to minimize the number of
affected people by natural disasters and (d) to secure prompt recovery/reconstruction process.
The plan describes promotion of disaster reduction and preparedness including agricultural protection,
income increase of non-agricultural sector, water resource conservation, rainwater utilization, water
resource infrastructures (dam and dike), etc.
2016 - version
The new Master Plan for Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Disaster is under finalization as of June
2015. It will be released by the end of 2015 according to CENOE.
Eight strategies 1 Water resource management 2 Water supply/sanitation services 3 Water for social/economic development 4 Economy/finance 5 Private sector 6 Gender 7 Institutional coordination 8 Institutional strengthening
Policy: To establish flood warning system for international rivers in cooperation with upstream countries
Short-term strategy: 1 To establish hydrological data management system 2 To make emergency response plan by participatory method 3 To promote structural measures 4 To cooperation with other related organization for effective operation of flood warning system
Mid-term strategy: 1 To improve flood warning system 2 To strengthen flood management structure 3 To clarify flood inundated area 4 To secure flood control function of dam by pre-discharge before rainy season 5 To study on flood risk evaluation, flood inundation map, dissemination of warning 6 To make regional plan with building code in flood risk area
National Strategy for Water Resources Management
Component of water resources management 1 Water assessment 2 Water resource plan 3 Water demand control 4 Distribution of water use 5 Water use facilities 6 International river management 7 Flood control 8 Drought measures 9 Water environment 10 Water pollution prevention
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(4) Contingency Plan (2014-2015)
The Government of Mozambique prepares Contingency Plan annually, taking into account that the
country is cyclically affected by extreme events i.e. cyclone, floods, droughts, epidemics and
earthquakes. The Contingency Plan includes actions and multi-sectorial strategic prevention,
management and response to be performed before, during and after the rainy season from October to
March.
The objectives of the plan are as follows.
- To identify the main threats of the rainy and cyclones season 2014-2015;
- To find the area at risk and predict the possible impacts by threats;
- To prepare the main activities to be undertaken before, during and after the occurrence of an
extreme event;
- To inventory the available materials and necessary equipment for emergency response;
- To define human resources, material and financial resources for intervention in cases of
extreme event.
The Contingency Plan is outlined as shown in the following figure. The plan is submitted to
Parliament in November and is normally approved in December. Therefore, DNA can use the
amount of approved budget after April next year but the rainy season is already over. DNA uses the
amount for rehabilitation of damaged structures and prevention measures for next rainy season, and
saves the remaining amount for emergency response activities in the next rainy season.
The plan is made based on the seasonal climatic forecast. However, seasonal forecast (rainfall) for 3
to 6 months just shows 3 probabilities that normal rainfall, above-normal rainfall and below-normal
rainfall and it is relatively not so accurate. Therefore it is recommended that the plan is prepared
targeting definite situation such as 50-year probable flood, the severest past flood, etc.
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Ch 3. Seasonal climatic forecast Rainfall tendency for OND/JFM of each province
Ch 4. Flood Risk for OND/JFM of each province
Ch 5. Climate forecast for agricultural sector
Ch 6. Risk analysis
Ch 7. Population at risk
Provincial population for each Scenario
Ch 8. Sector activities
proactive measures (before disaster)
reactive measures (during disaster)
life normalization measures (after disaster)
Contingency plan is submitted to Parliament in November and approved in December.
Outline of the Contingency Plan
Disaster Scenario I Scenario II Scenario III
Strong wind & lightning O O O
Localized floods O O O
Drought O O O
Floods of medium risk O O O
High risk flood X O O
Depression & X O O
tropical cyclone (category 1 - 3) X O X
(category 3- ) X X O
Earthquake X X O
Ch 9. Budget per Scenario
Description Scenario I Scenario II Scenario III
Central Level 158,784,284 376,291,341 599,334,776
Provinces 191,901,919 293,286,403 392,566,784
Total 350,686,203 669,577,744 991,901,560
Source: Contingency Plan (2014/2015)
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(5) National Progress Report on the Implementation of the HFA (Final version)
The progress of Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) in Mozambique is compiled in National Progress
Report on the Implementation of the HFA. The report describes achieved level and the reason for
each indicator that 4 to 6 indicators are prepared for each priority for action. These indicators,
achieved levels and reasons ae summarized in the following table.
Priority for Action 1: Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and a local priority with a
strong institutional basis for implementation.
Because the National Disaster Management Law was established in 2014, it is considered that the
regal framework for DRR has been already set. Following the law, a variety of policies, plans,
measures, etc. will be revised and implemented. Regarding lack of budget, they should make efforts
to find actions to do under current situation considering priority.
Priority for Action 2: Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning.
The National Disaster Management Law mentions the activities in the risk area and so improvement of
capacity to analyze the risk area is required. In the past there were many hydro-meteorological
stations in the country but most of them suspended observation during the civil war. And many
stations have not resumed yet. To inspect the current status of stations and to study the new
observation network are needed. Reconstruction of database system is also prioritized in order to
prevent the loss of past valuable data.
Priority for Action 3: Use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and
resilience at all levels.
DNA has data base system to stored hydro-meteorological data observed by ARAs. However it is not
utilized effectively by the relevant organizations due to expiration of the license, delay of data
updating, etc. Re-building of database considering sustainability and information sharing is required.
Message about DRR should be simplified in order to realize prompt and safe evacuation. This issue
was pointed out in the workshop held by the JICA Team in May 28-29, 2015.
Priority for Action 4: Reduce the underlying risk factors.
Limited enforcement of environmental laws, lack of financial resources to improve the existing
vulnerable infrastructures, inadequate technical capacity regarding design, construction, maintenance
and investment for infrastructures, etc. are listed as the remaining issues. Each organization has to
prepare the capacity development plan regarding these issues for the staff. When the training is
conducted in the donor’s project, it should be designed following the capacity development plan.
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Priority for Action 5: Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels.
Contingency plans at central and provincial levels are prepared every year before rainy season.
However, contingency plans at municipal level are insufficient at even though the many municipalities
are located at the floodplains and along the coastline. INGC should give guidance to the
municipalities and monitor the progress under the leadership. The leadership and communication
through preparation of contingency plans will improve the response activities during at the time of
disaster.
Evaluation of Priorities for Action described in “National Progress Report on the Implementation of
HFA” is as follows.
Evaluation of Priorities for Action
Priority for Action 1: Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and a local priority with a strong
institutional basis for implementation.
Core indicator 1: National policy and legal framework for disaster risk reduction exists with decentralized
responsibilities and capacities at all levels.
Level of progress achieved: 5 (Comprehensive achievement with sustained commitment and capacities at
all levels)
Reason
DRM law was approved by the Assembly in April 2014.
The national climate change monitoring and evaluation framework was established.
DRR and CCA were integrated into the Health Sector Strategic Plan 2014-2019.
Core indicator 2: Dedicated and adequate resources are available to implement disaster risk reduction
plans and activities at all administrative levels
Level of progress achieved: 4 (Recognized limitations such as financial resources and/or operational
capacities)
Reason
Limited financial capacity
Mobilization of additional budget to local governments is under discussion between Ministry of
Planning and Development and Ministry of Finance.
Limited technical capacity at sector and local levels to formulate and effectively implement DRM and
CCA programs and projects.
Core indicator 3: Community Participation and decentralization is ensured through the delegation of
authority and resources to local levels
Level of progress achieved: 4 (Recognized limitations such as financial resources and/or operational
capacities)
Reason
The vulnerable resettlements are move to safer locations and development is restricted in unsafe and
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risky locations.
Ongoing discussion between Ministry of Planning and Development and Ministry of Finance for
setting up a legal provision in the state budget.
Limited financial capacity for 128 districts and 53 municipalities.
Limited technical capacity at municipal and district levels to utilize and execute the budget allocated
to DRR/DDA interventions
Core indicator 4: A national multi sectorial platform for disaster risk reduction is functioning.
Level of progress achieved: 4 (Recognized limitations such as financial resources and/or operational
capacities)
Reason
No changes were observed in the composition of the national DRR platform – The Technical Council
for Disaster management (CTGC)
The participation of civil society organizations in the national platform remains week.
Private sector has limited its engagement in DRR activities.
INGC will continue to dialogue with the civil society platform (G20) and the private sector platform
(CTA), aiming at triggering their passion and engagement in the DRR discussions and
decision-making within the CTGC and CENOE.
Priority for Action 2: Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning
Core indicator 1: National and local risk assessments based on hazard data and vulnerability information
are available and include risk assessments for key sectors.
Level of progress achieved: 4 (recognized limitations in key aspects, such as financial resources and/ or
operational capacities)
Reason
National capacity to undertake comprehensive risk assessments is still limited as a result of limited
staff with specific training in DRR/Climate change risk assessment methodologies, particularly
quantitative risk assessment.
Financial constraints remains a huge challenge, particularly for quantitative risk assessment as apart
from hiring international skilled persons, the procurement of weather data is still costly as these needs
to be purchased from INAM.
Core indicator 2: Systems are in place to monitor, archive and disseminate data on key hazards and
vulnerabilities
Level of progress achieved: 4 (recognized limitations in key aspects, such as financial resources and/ or
operational capacities)
Reason
Although mechanisms are in place, financial constraints are still limiting the development of sector
capacity to monitor the development of hazards covering the whole country, particularly for
acquisition of satellite imagery.
Technical constraints also limit the timely sharing and dissemination of data and information as very
often, the data and information formats are not compatible.
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Core indicator 3: Early warning systems are in place for all major hazards, with outreach to communities.
Level of progress achieved: 4 (recognized limitations in key aspects, such as financial resources and/ or
operational capacities)
Reason
The number of hydro-climatological gauge stations is still limited.
Deficient communication network.
Damage of the GPRS communication system hindering data transmission between the seismological
stations and the data processing and analysis centers
Lack of spear parts in-country for the maintenance and repair of seismological stations.
Core indicator 4: National and local risk assessments take account of regional / trans boundary risks, with
a view to regional cooperation on risk reduction.
Level of progress achieved: 4 (recognized limitations in key aspects, such as financial resources and/ or
operational capacities)
Reason
Technical barriers for timely communication remain an issue, particularly, for timely monitoring of
fast growing events such as flooding, particularly, in the southern region when folding is triggered by
a regionally localized weather disturbance.
Communication also poses serious impediment for regional exchange of seismic data between
Mozambique, Tanzania, Malawi, all situated along the Rift Valley, and Madagascar.
Priority for Action 3: Use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and resilience at
all levels
Core indicator 1: Relevant information on disasters is available and accessible at all levels, to all
stakeholders (through networks, development of information sharing systems etc)
Level of progress achieved: 4 (recognized limitations in key aspects, such as financial resources and/ or
operational capacities)
Reason
The access of DRR information at local level remains an issue due to limited internet access, and
limited availability of DRR materials in local public places including libraries.
Core indicator 2: School curricula , education material and relevant trainings include disaster risk
reduction and recovery concepts and practices.
Level of progress achieved: 4 (recognized limitations in key aspects, such as financial resources and/ or
operational capacities)
Reason
The existing limited technical skills to undertake comprehensive risk assessments will remain.
Core indicator 3: Research methods and tools for multi-risk assessments and cost benefit analysis are
developed and strengthened.
Level of progress achieved: 4 (recognized limitations in key aspects, such as financial resources and/ or
operational capacities)
Reason
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The existing tools are still limited in terms of geographic coverage, as of now both LIDAR and
FLOMA have been prepared for the Limpopo. There is need to accelerate the expansion of the
utilization of these soft-wares to other basins frequently affected by floods, such as the Zambezi,
Save, Incomati, Búzi, Messalo, Ligonha and Licungo.
Rapid development of national capacity at INAM to generate reliable weather data along the main
river basins needs to be speeded.
Training of staff, particularly of the Regional Water Administration (ARA´s) and INGC is critical to
improve national and local capacities to explore all the capabilities offered by these two flood
management tools.
Core indicator 4: Countrywide public awareness strategy exists to stimulate a culture of disaster resilience,
with outreach to urban and rural communities.
Level of progress achieved: 5 (Comprehensive achievement with sustained commitment and capacities at
all levels.)
Reason
The country still needs to improve DRR messaging and communication to facilitate the dissemination
of DRR contents and messages. For instance, limited technical capacity to translate, simplify and
communicate the DRR messages and information in an understandable language to the local
communities, including the communication of risk to the urban dwellers remains an issue.
The introduction and systematic conduction of simulation exercises in urban areas should be part of
DRR sensitization programs aiming at accelerating the engagement of urban dwellers in DRR
activities in their communities.
Much more attention will be required for the strengthening of risk communication in the urban areas
as a means to build better understanding and preparedness of the cities to respond to increasing risks
as consequence of climate change impacts.
Priority for Action 4: Reduce the underlying risk factors
Core indicator 1: Disaster risk reduction is an integral objective of environment related policies and plans,
including for land use natural resource management and adaptation to climate change.
Level of progress achieved: 4 (recognized limitations in key aspects, such as financial resources and/ or
operational capacities)
Reason
The enforcement of environmental laws is still limited due to weak institutional capacity to
implement a monitoring program targeting all category A and B development projects at all levels.
The lack of adequate financial resources limits capacity development, including the setting up of an
environmental laboratory, and also does not allow regular deployment of staff of the Ministry for the
Coordination of Environmental Affairs (MICOA) to undertake onsite environmental monitoring of
development projects across the country.
Provision of additional resources to MICOA to secure specialized training and environmental field
inspections is required.
Core indicator 2: Social development policies and plans are being implemented to reduce the vulnerability
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of populations most at risk.
Level of progress achieved: 4 (recognized limitations in key aspects, such as financial resources and/ or
operational capacities)
Reason
Lack of adequate financial resources continues to pose a serious limitation for scaling up of
micro-insurance to a significant number of farmers and districts with high agro-ecological potential.
At sector level, the dependence on international consultancy for the definition of vulnerability
indicators and index applicable to Mozambique and widely acceptable remains.
Leveraging of private sector interest to enter and manage the micro-insurance market needs to be
promoted.
Core indicator 3: Economic and productive sectorial policies and plans have been implemented to reduce
the vulnerability of economic activities
Level of progress achieved: 4 (recognized limitations in key aspects, such as financial resources and/ or
operational capacities)
Reason
Financial constraints to retrofit the entire existing vulnerable infrastructure network as consequence
of poor design or inadequate construction standards
Outdated or non-existent adequate building codes and standards adjusted to the current and future
sector disaster and climate risk
Limited technical capacity of the Government institutions to enforce the existing building regulations
to ensure quality of constructions works in all sectors.
Core indicator 4: Planning and management of human settlements incorporate disaster risk reduction
elements, including enforcement of building codes.
Level of progress achieved: 4 (recognized limitations in key aspects, such as financial resources and/ or
operational capacities)
Reason
Limited financial resources to speed up:
(i) The construction of drainage system designed to cope with the existing floods risk in each
municipality
(ii) The construction of robust protection infrastructure in all the coastal cities faced with
progressive coastal
(iii) The design and implementation of a just resettlement program to all families at risk in urban
areas
The limited technical capacity to undertake risk assessments emerges as the greater impediment to
advance the integration of DRR/CCA actions into the existing and future municipal urban structural
plans. The lack of a legal provision to prevent the development of human settlements, including
towns and cities along floodplains
Mobilization of additional resources to support investment for construction or expansion of drainage
network in vulnerable coastal cities and for training of sector staff on risk assessment is required as a
pre-condition for rapid, gradual and consistent adoption of sound DRR measures to protect existing
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and projected human settlements across the country.
Core indicator 5: Disaster risk reduction measures are integrated into post disaster recovery and
rehabilitation processes
Level of progress achieved: 4 (recognized limitations in key aspects, such as financial resources and/ or
operational capacities)
Reason
Limited financial resources to invest in robust and comprehensive measures (coupling of structural
and non-structural mitigation measures) to significantly and adequately reduce the existing risks to all
sectors at all levels
The lack of national and sector capacity to prepare, test and enforce new building codes slows down
the real action as the design of building codes is dependent on mobilization of international financial
and technical support.
Continuous investment in the construction of protection infrastructures (e.g. dikes) and training of
sector staff to improve infrastructure management and maintenance should remain as national priority
to progressively protect all the investment made so far and those projected in future.
Core indicator 6: Procedures are in place to assess the disaster risk impacts of major development projects,
especially infrastructure.
Level of progress achieved: 4 (recognized limitations in key aspects, such as financial resources and/ or
operational capacities)
Reason
The limited technical capacity to model the contribution of the witnessed, actual and future land use
changes in inducing and amplifying disaster risk impact will remain a serious technical constrain to
ensure full safety and risk-free infrastructures.
In the coming years, the Government should focus its attention to the revision of the EIA regulation
to strengthen integration of DRR provisions and training of MICOA staff on risk assessments as a
pre-condition for the enforcement of the EIA regulation by all developers and sectors.
Priority for Action 5: Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels
Core indicator 1: Strong policy, technical and institutional capacities and mechanisms for disaster risk
management, with a disaster risk reduction perspective are in place.
Level of progress achieved: 4 (recognized limitations in key aspects, such as financial resources and/ or
operational capacities)
Reason
Difficulties remain at technical level where limited capacity exists at CENOE to coordinate and deal
with complex and extensive emergencies.
Preparedness planning remains an issue to allow timely and targeted mobilization of adequate
number of disasters responders and means for effective emergency response in remote areas across
the country.
Limited capacity exists to handle emergency in the context of simultaneous floods and heavy rains.
Improvement of preparedness planning based on the worst case scenario for national and local
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disasters responders institutions and staff is required to rapidly build national and local capacity to
deal with complex and extensive disasters across the country.
Core indicator 2: Disaster preparedness plans and contingency plans are in place at all administrative
levels, and regular training drills and rehearsals are held to test and develop disaster response programmes.
Level of progress achieved: 4 (recognized limitations in key aspects, such as financial resources and/ or
operational capacities)
Reason
Technical capacity to undertake adequate preparedness planning for effective and preparedness
disaster response is still limited.
The lack of protocols to guide preparedness planning and disaster response persists.
The engagement and leadership of sector in CENOE has receded, leaving INGC and CTGC alone in
the leadership and coordination of emergency preparedness and response.
Lack of contingency plans at municipal level, despite the high vulnerability to disasters of all
municipalities located along the coastline and floodplains.
The design and approval of protocols to guide disaster preparedness and response planning and
expansion and allocation of contingency plan resources to municipalities and districts in areas at high
risk of disasters needs to be considered and prioritized in the coming years.
Core indicator 3: Financial reserves and contingency mechanisms are in place to support effective
response and recovery when required.
Level of progress achieved: 5 (Comprehensive achievement with sustained commitment and capacities at
all levels.)
Reason
Financial constraints still limit the decentralization of Contingency funds to districts and
municipalities. As consequence, these administrative units has limited capacity to intervened to
respond to local emergencies, requiring therefore, the intervention of provincial and central
authorities to emergencies that with provision of adequate funding could be handled by the respective
local authorities.
Lack of progress in the discussion for the establishment of the National Disaster Fund, which in
principle would act as the financial instrument to support the implementation of the DRM law in all
DRM components and phases, with emphasis to disasters prevention and mitigation.
The Government has to rethink the option of establishing a sustainable post-disaster reconstruction
funding mechanism and the introduction of a selective decentralization of DRR resources to specific
local governments as a pre-condition for the gradual implementation of the DRM law once this is
approved by the Parliament.
Core indicator 4: Procedures are in place to exchange relevant information during hazard events and
disasters, and to undertake post-event reviews.
Level of progress achieved: 4 (recognized limitations in key aspects, such as financial resources and/ or
operational capacities)
Reason
The implementation of the information flow policy reform will require removal of current technical
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and financial barriers through:
(i) Capacity building of CENOE staff to work throughout the stages for fully implementation of the
information flow system, including feedback from local responders and end-users;
(ii) Government commitment to use part of Contingency Plan to fund extra broadcasting time of the
provincial radio stations and community radios.
(iii) Equipment of all Local Communities for Disaster Risk Management with communication kits,
including mobile phones.
Government should focus its attention and efforts in building a multi-sector core team that is
regularly trained to lead regular and systematic damages and loss assessment whenever the country is
affected by disasters regardless their size and extent.
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Chapter 4 Organization
(1) New Government Ministries
The President of the Republic of Mozambique, Mr. Filipe Jacinto Nyusi, named the following
members of the Government by Presidential Order on January 16, 2015. The name of Ministry of
Public Works and Housing, to which Department of Water Resources (DNA) belongs, has been
changed to Ministry of Public Works, Housing and Hydric Resources.
Table 4.1 Names of New Ministers and Ministries
Name of Minister Ministry 1. Adriano Afonso Maleiane Ministry of Economy and Finance 2. Oldemiro Julio Marques Baloi Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation 3. Jaime Basilio Monteiro Ministry of Interior 4. Atanasio Salvador Mtumuke Ministry of the National Defence 5. Jose Condungua Antonio Pacheco Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security 6. Carmelita Rita Namashulua Ministry of the State Administration and Public Functions 7. Vitoria Dias Diogo Ministry of Work, Labor and Social Security 8. Adelaide Anchia Amurane Minister in the Presidency for Internal Civil Affairs 9. Agostinho Salvador Mondlane Ministry for the See, Fishing and Internal Waters
10. Pedro Conceicao Couto Ministry of Mineral and Energy Resources 11. Abduremane Lino de Almeida Ministry of Justice, Constitutional and Religious Affairs 12. Nazira Karimo Vali Abdula Ministry of Health 13. Alberto Hawa Januario Nkutumula Ministry of Youth and Sport 14. Cidalia Manuel Chauque Oliveira Ministry of Gender, Children and Social Affairs 15. Luis Jorge Manuel Teodosio Antonio Ferrao Ministry of Education and Human Development 16. Ernesto Max Elias Tonela Ministry of Industry and Trade 17. Carlos Alberto Fortes Mesquita Ministry of Transportation and Communication 18. Celso Ismael Correia Ministry of Land, Environment and Rural Development 19. Silva Armando Dunduro Ministry of Culture and Tourism 20. Eusebio Lambo Gumbiwa Ministry of Fighters 21. Jorge Olivio Penicela Nhambiu Ministry of Science, Technology and Professional Training22. Carlos Bonete Martinho Ministry of Public Works, Housing and Hydric Resources
(2) Roles of Organizations in charge of Disaster Risk Management
In order to cope with potential disasters, annual Contingency Plan for Rainy and Cyclones Season
2014-2015 has been prepared by multi-sectoral agencies and approved by the Council of Ministers.
The Contingency Plan defines roles of the agencies in charge of disaster risk management before,
during and after emergency. Major roles of the agencies are as described below: It should be noted
that the names of the ministries and agencies shown here are as described in the Contingency Plan and
are different from the new names since January 16, 2015.
1) Disaster Management Coordination Council (CCGC)
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Disaster Management Coordination Council (CCGC) is the highest level decision making council
chaired by the Prime Minister, and participated by all members of the Council of Ministers of the
sectors directly involved in situations of natural disasters. CCGC is responsible to ensure the
coordination of all emergency operations and implementation of the Master Plan for Prevention and
Mitigation of Natural Disasters. In emergency, CCGC is organized regularly to review
implementation of the contingency plan and provide guidance to all the levels.
2) Disaster Management Technical Council (CTGC)
Disaster Management Technical Council (CTGC) is chaired by the Director General of the National
Institute for Disaster Management (INGC) and is composed by the National Directors of relevant
sectors, appointed by member ministers of CCGC. CTGC is primarily responsible for coordinating
sectorial warning systems and early warning of impending calamities of meteorological origin,
hydrological, geological, epidemics and food security and ensure the multi-implementation of the
various plans under reducing vulnerability and disaster risk. CTGC normally meets once a month
and extraordinarily whenever convened by the Director General of INGC. Representatives of
development partners are invited to CTGC, such as the National Humanitarian Team (HCT), civil
society and the private sector.
3) Emergency Operation National Center (CENOE)
CENOE is a multi-sectorial coordination structure and decision-making for representatives of
institutions, civil society and groups of actors involved directly in disaster response operations. The
purpose of CENOE is to provide to all those involved in the prevention, mitigation and response to
disasters, a guiding instrument procedures, tasks and scientific technical monitoring actions, warnings
issued, control operations, and activation of emergency operations. CENOE is established at the Air
Base of Mavalane in Maputo, with possibility to operate in the regions of Vilanculos (Inhambane),
Caia (Sofala) and Nacala (Nampula). CENOE has as intervening body, in emergency the National
Civil Protection Unit (UNAPROC). Emergency Operations Center (COE) is a deployment of
CENOE in the provinces and is coordinated by the provincial INGC.
4) National Humanitarian Team (HCT)
National Humanitarian Team (HCT) is composed by UN agencies, civil society organizations, Red
Cross, bilateral and multilateral partners. HCT is organized in specialized working groups, namely
education, protection, health, nutrition, safety food, shelter, logistics, emergency telecommunications
and initial recovery. These groups are integrated in the four sectors of CENOE (Information &
Planning, Communication, Infrastructure, and Social Services) and are aligned with their ministerial
counterparts. This alignment helps to reduce overlapping of efforts and resources as well as the
preservation of the rights and dignity of people affected and their participation during the whole
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disaster management process.
HCT is led by the United Nations Resident Coordinator and complements the Government's efforts in
the disaster response actions. HCT through its sectors has provided technical, material and advice on
the additional resources to strengthen the responsiveness of government sectors as well as the
possibility of mobilizing additional resources, when necessary, respecting the international standards
governing the management and response to emergencies.
With the perspective to ensure alignment between the planned activities by the Government and the
support of development partners, human resources, material and assistance to be carried out before,
during and after the disaster occurrence have been integrated the in government sectors.
5) National Institute for Disaster Management (INGC)
INGC's intervention aims to coordinate and lead the disaster management system, to manage the
information flux from the bottom to the central level and vice-versa (including the community level),
pre-positioning of the equipment and materials, rescue, lifesaving and prompt humanitarian assistance
in the first 72 hours.
Table 4.2 Major Roles of INGC
Organization: National Institute for Disaster Management (INGC) Proactive Measures (before disaster)
Realization of emergency simulations, involving the main actors; Installation and operation of additional communication systems; Reactivation of the sectorial working groups, including the humanitarian team
partners, identified in the CENOE operationalization context. Organizing and sending of technical supporting team to the Provincial and District
governments for preparedness and response; Provision of physical and administrative logistics involved in the emergency; Activation of the early warning system for tropical cyclones and floods; Reorganization and distribution of uniformed forms for data collection during the
concurrency of disasters, including capacity building of technicians for humanitarian assistance;
Update and maintenance of occurrences database; Identification and dissemination of evacuation routes and locations that can serve as
temporary shelter; Check the level of preparedness of schools, hospitals, health centers and other
sensitive and essential services (energy suppliers, communications, transport, etc.). Reactive Measures (during disaster)
Alert level of activation as per magnitude of the disaster; Search and rescue operations; Evaluation of the immediate needs of humanitarian assistance, including the
disaggregation of data by sex and age; Coordinate the accommodation of victims in secure locations; Creating a database of the affected people and the type of response provided; Ensure supply14 of basic needs for the affected population; Implementation of public education activities and social mobilization of the victims,
for their participation in the maintenance and hygiene activities in the transit centers; Preparation and implementation of national/international calls for the mobilization of
resources, if necessary;
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Elaboration of rapid recuperation plan, resettlement and reconstruction, in the emergency context;
Identification of spaces for the creation of emergency infrastructures for the reception of sick people, if necessary;
Permanent spread of information to the public. Normalization measures of the affected people (after disaster)
Evaluation of the damages, needs and the resettlement plan, if necessary, in agreement with the affected population;
Elaboration of rehabilitation and reconstruction infrastructures plans and programs; Allocation of necessaries resources and/or their mobilization for the start of the reconstruction program after the disaster;
Monitoring and coordination of integrated reconstruction programs at local level; Encouraging the register organization, in order to ensure the safe use of land for the
resettled communities; Identification, design and implementation of profitable projects for the
socio-economical reintegration of the vulnerable groups affected by the disaster.
6) Information Office (GABINFO)
Before, during and after the extreme events, the INGC in coordination with GABINFO, coordinate the
communication sector during the emergency period, articulating with the social communication
entities the spreading of the information for the awareness and education of the communities. The
coordination includes training of media on the disaster risk reduction.
Table 4.3 Major Roles in Communication of INGC and GOBINFO
Organization: National Institute for Disaster Management (INGC) and Information Office (GABINFO)Proactive Measures (before disaster)
Evaluation of the system and communication tools for the spreading of the information;
Identification and designation of a spokesperson for declaration to the Press about the emergency;
Establishment of partnerships with mobile phones for the spreading of the prompt information about the emergency, through Short Message Service (SMS).
Production and spreading of the specific information, to: a. Council of Ministers; b. Social Communication entities, namely newspapers, National TV, Social Communication Institute, TVs and Community Radios; c. Public at large;
Conceptualization and elaboration of pamphlet with preventive measures of the main phenomena.
Starting of the movements and pre-positioning of human and material resources for elaboration, delivery of information and preventive measures in risk areas;
Disseminate and share the Contingency Plan with partners; Training for journalists on issues related to natural disasters.
Reactive Measures (during disaster)
Starting information spreading about the phenomenon and about the precaution measures through the available tools, namely: radios and communitarian TVs (see details in the annex), Management Risk Local Committee (CLGRC), chiefs of villages or community leaders.
Management of the information spreading by the Social Communication entities according to the evolution of the phenomena.
Assistance to the Social Communication entities to cover the phenomenon; Production and spreading of the information about the phenomenon and mitigation
action, to: a. Council of Ministers;
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b. Social Communication entities c. Public at large;
Intensification of the urgent requests to the communities located in the risk areas for the provision of safe sites;
Make aware and maintain the population informed about the activation of the Contingency Plan and of the different level of warning, according to the evolution of the phenomena.
Normalization measures of the affected people (after disaster)
Evaluation of the preparedness and emergency response plan; Continuation of the civil education actions on the preventive measures, including the
elaboration of videos and educational informative bulletins; Social mobilization of the communities for the participation in the reconstruction
process through the Social Communication Institute mobile units, newspapers, TVs and Community radios;
Evaluate and solve the information weaknesses to improve the service in later emergencies.
6) Ministry of Agriculture (MINAG)
Vegetal Health
The intervention in the vegetal health area aims, mainly to ensure the improvement of the management
capacities of migratory plagues (Invasive Caterpillar, Red Beak Sparrow) and rats, through the
strengthening of the monitoring capacities, control and evaluation of results, in order to guarantee the
food security of the products. Since the destructive nature of this group of pests on crops, causing
widespread damage and / or loss of crops, actions to combat or control require a high state of readiness
and responsiveness to these types of pest (phyto-sanitary campaigns).
Animal health
In animal health issue, it may also occur some diseases and epidemics such as: Carbuncles hematic,
symptomatic rabies and Newcastle in the case of dried and Nodular Acne, Rift Valley fever, pest of
petits ruminants and other infections in the case of droughts, floods / floods.
Monitoring and Evaluation
Taking into account the weather forecast, the monitoring and evaluation of land will be necessary, with
the objective of doing assessment and diagnosis of the situation. MINAG, in order to face the potential
disasters mentioned above, needs 232 million of meticais for the areas more important and most at risk,
namely it is necessary to make available pesticides and to realize presupposition, agriculture inputs
provision, Vegetal Health, Animal Health and Monitoring and Evaluation.
7) Ministry of Transportation and Communication
The National Institute of Meteorology (INAM) of Ministry of Transportation and Communication has
mandate for meteorology and it has the following major roles before, during and after disasters:
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Table 4.4 Major Roles of INAM
Organization: National Institute of Meteorology (INAM), Ministry of Transportation and Communication Proactive measures (before disaster)
Interpretation and dissemination of the seasonal climatic forecasts of Mozambique and the Africa Austral region, interpretation of present rainy and cyclone season, starting from August, this year;
Permanent monitoring of the meteorological phenomena to avoid hazards, Observation strengthening capacity of the different meteorological stations;
Capacity building and training of technician regarding the technical procedures during the emergency phase.
Reactive measures (during disaster)
Continuous follow up of the meteorological phenomena evolution through the elaboration of daily weather forecast of short to medium term (2 to 5 days);
Spread of early warnings with indication of the magnitude of the phenomenon and the risk zone.
Intensification of the meteorological vigilance Normalization measures of the affected people (after disaster)
Evaluation of the meteorological phenomenon behavior and of its impacts on rain, strong wind and thunderstorm (atmospheric discharge).
8) Ministry of Public Works and Housing (MOPH)
National Directorate of Water (DNA) of the Ministry of Public Works and Housing (MOPH) has very
wide mandate for water related disaster management. Water Resources Department of DNA has the
following major roles:
Table 4.5 Major Roles of Water Resources Department of DNA
Organization: Water Resources Department of National Directorate of Water (DNA) Proactive measures (before disaster)
Publishing and distribution of the Contingency Plan and coordination of actions within DNA, Government, Provinces and Districts, Regional Water Authorities (ARAs) and Cooperation Partners;
Updating of the national and international focal point list; Verification of the communication tools, namely: Phones and Radios. Realization of meetings with other management entities of water resources and
upstream dam in the country, in particular within ARA-Centro and Zinwa (Zimbabwe), ARA-Zambeze and the similar entities of Zimbabwe and Zambia;
Inspection and maintenance of the Hydrological Flood Warning System (SAC); Campaign of flow measurement; Management of reservoirs, taking into account the setting of the affluent torrents and
the low water situation of each hydrographic basin. Reactive measures (during disaster)
Continuous exchange of information with the Regional Water Administrations (ARAs), National Institute of Meteorology (INAM), Hidroeléctrica de Cahora Bassa (HCB), Dam of Chicamba and other national entities collecting hydro- meteorological data;
Continuous communication with other management entities of hydric resources and upstream dam in the country, in particular within ARA-Centro and Zinwa (Zimbabwe), ARA-Zambeze and the similar entities of Zimbabwe and Zambia;
Intensification of systematic monitoring of water levels/flows to ensure a timely information;
Daily emission and dissemination of Hydrological Bulletins at Regional (ARAs) and National (DNA) level from December 1 to April 30, depending on the prevailing hydrological situation;
Issuing of press releases;
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Continuation with the realization of river measuring campaigns; Normalization measures of the affected people (after disaster)
Elaboration and dissemination of the rainy season 2014/15 evaluation report; Inspection and renovation of the hydro-climatologic network after the floods;
Water and Sanitation Department of DNA has the following major roles:
Table 4.6 Major Roles in Water and Sanitation Department of DNA
Organization: Water and Sanitation Department of National Directorate of Water (DNA) Proactive measures (before disaster)
Reestablishment or water supply (ensuring the availability of the minimum recommended quantities in emergency situation);
Provide equipment & materials for the treatment and distribution of water; Provide materials for the construction of latrines and technical support for the
affected people in the construction of latrines; Preparation and spreading, in coordination with other sectors, of messages and
communication about hygiene, sanitation and a rational use of water (make more with less);
Monitoring the impact of the interventions in coordination with the health sector. In particular, the sector (Government and its counterpart) will implement the
following main activities: Inventory, reparation/maintenance and pre-positioning (in strategic sites) of
equipment & emergency material available in the country; Updating/identification of the existing capacities in the sector and mapping of the
emergency counterparts; Coordination meeting/preparation of emergency response, including all the key
counterparts of the sector; Strengthening the capacity of provinces and districts in the planning, monitoring and
timely response to the emergency; Purchase and allocation of additional materials and supplies for a proper response to
the emergency (Certeza - Rol of Plastics - Plastic Stones). Reactive measures (during disaster)
Prompt analysis of the situation and needs in water, sanitation and hygiene; Ensure the availability of safe water (respecting the minimum standards) and the
sanitation infrastructures; Provide equipment/materials for (i) treatment, conservation, distribution of water (ii)
deposition of human excrement and solid residue (iii) promotion of hygiene best practices;
Spreading, in coordination with other sectors, key messages on prevention of diarrheal disease, including cholera, information about the good conservation of water at home, technical instruction for the construction of latrines;
Reactivation of coordination mechanisms and information sharing systems. Normalization measures of the affected people (after disaster)
Monitoring the situation and evaluation of the water needs, sanitation and hygiene; Support water resources rehabilitation and construction with an active involvement
of families/communities in order to ensure the sustainability of the interventions; Support the self-construction of family latrines; Continuous support in the implementation of the hygiene promotion activities Monitoring and Evaluation of the implemented activities.
Department of Hydraulic Infrastructure of DNA has the following major roles:
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Table 4.7 Major Roles in Hydraulic Infrastructure Department of DNA
Organization: Hydraulic Infrastructure Department of National Directorate of Water (DNA) Proactive measures (before disaster)
Installation of flood-gate in the dyke of Xai-Xai and in the drain II and III Rehabilitation of the dam of Macarretane:
a) Wing wall of the stilling basin b) Plugging of downstream depressions
Purchasing and installation of hydro mechanical equipment Rehabilitation of Massingir Dam:
a) Completion of the auxiliary spillway b) Rehabilitation of the bottom discharger
Reactive measures (during disaster)
Monitoring the operation of water storage and flood control infrastructures.
Normalization measures of the affected people (after disaster)
Monitoring and evaluation of the implemented activities. Exhaustive evaluation of the probable damages provoked at each basin and
elaboration of a renovation plan for the hydraulic infrastructures (dyke, large and small dam).
Other than roles of DNA for water related roles, other departments also have mandate for disaster
management as presented below:
Table 4.8 Major Roles of National Directorate of Housing and Urbanism of MOPH
Organization: National Directorate of Housing and Urbanism of Ministry of Public Works and Housing (MOPH)
Proactive measures (before disaster)
Coordination with the various provinces of the preparation and dissemination of the contingency plan, as well as shared actions between DNHU, provincial governments, related entities and development partners;
Coordination within the provincial departments on the monitoring of safe sites inventory for temporary accommodation in the event of natural disasters;
Coordination within the provincial departments on the monitoring of existing materials and equipment for rapid response shelter construction, its location and its operational condition;
Coordination within the provincial departments to evaluate the capacity of existing resettlement neighborhoods and ensure their expansion to accommodate new families if possible;
Participate in the activities and promptness exercises to face disaster effects. Reactive measures (during disaster)
Participate in the coordination of accommodation of victims in temporary shelters as well as the construction of temporary shelters in safe places for the affected populations;
Participate in the monitoring of registering and control process of the number of affected families and people;
Coordinate and guarantee the participation of community leaders in actions of prompt transfer of victims in already identified temporary shelters.
Normalization measures of the affected people (after disaster)
Monitoring the implementation (demarcation of sites) of partial plans on expanding new neighborhoods for resettlement, in collaboration with the National Directorate of Planning and Land Management (DINAPOT);
Monitoring the provision of technical assistance in the reconstruction process and or construction of technically improved homes;
Motivate the organization of the provisional / final registration in order to ensure the land insurance property right for the communities settled in a new place.
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National Directorate of Road and Bridges of MOPH has the following roles:
Table 4.9 Major Roles of National Directorate of Roads and Bridges of MOPH
Organization: National Directorate of Roads and Bridges of Ministry of Public Works and Housing (MOPH)
Proactive measures (before disaster)
Participation in all meetings to exchange information regarding the development of the phenomena and mitigation plans.
Reactive measures (during disaster)
Rapid mobilization of contractors for emergency repair actions (drainage structures and some periodic maintenance activities or located improvements as trenching, bulging, repairs platforms, etc.), to ensure the availability of roads;
Inform members of the disaster management technical council and donors about the availability of the roads.
Normalization measures of the affected people (after disaster)
Ensure the restoration of the affected network
9) Ministry for the Coordination of Environmental Action (MICOA)
The Environment sector intends to face during this rainy season, actions relating to the degree of
occupation of demarcated plots, the opening of streets and planting shade trees, the expansion process
of the resettlement neighborhoods and posterior elaboration of contingency plans. The main action
to be carried out are as follows:
Table 4.10 Major Roles of Ministry for the Coordination of Environmental Action (MICOA)
Organization: Ministry for the Coordination of Environmental Action (MICOA) Proactive measures (before disaster)
Promotion of recycling by core groups and Environmental Clubs in environmental management in accommodation centers and resettlement neighborhoods;
Reactive and Normalization measures of the affected people (during and after disaster)
Territory planning and accommodation center organization of the resettlement neighborhood regarding the organization of the tends, localization of collective latrines and of water tank;
Demarcation and attribution of plots in partnership with the armed forces and the affected communities;
Building temporary shelters in the accommodation centers and in the resettlement neighborhoods;
Promote the cleaning process of the resettlement neighborhoods and accommodation centers in coordination with the armed forces and the affected community;
Environment sanitation of the accommodation centers and of the resettlement neighborhoods with collocation of garbage containers;
10) Ministry of Education
Ministry of Education is in charge of the following major roles in disaster risk management:
Table 4.11 Major Roles of Ministry of Education
Organization: Ministry of Education Proactive measures (before disaster)
Capacity building of the education personnel in the most affected districts regarding Disaster Risk Management (GRD) and creation of School Committees of Disaster Management (CEGC);
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Monitoring of the activities of the Education and Culture Provincial Directorates (DPEC) in the execution of the Operational Emergency Plans;
Risk mapping; Purchase of different materials for the prepositioning (student teacher kits, school
kits and school tends). Reactive measures (during disaster)
Assessment of the immediate needs for a quick come back to the teaching activities; Evaluation of the damages of the education infrastructures;
Evaluation of the impact on students and school workers; Provision of different material for the school functioning; Coordination with different governmental sectors and cooperation partners to ensure
the necessary support for protection and education; Monitoring the support to the affected schools to ensure their full operation.
Normalization measures of the affected people (after disaster)
Evaluation of the rehabilitation and renovation needs after the emergency and recruitment of teachers;
Rehabilitation and reconstruction of the damaged educational infrastructures; Regular monitoring of the rehabilitation action, reconstruction of educational
infrastructures and guarantee of the frequency attendance to the lessons as well as of the education quality.
11) Ministry of Women and Social Action
Ministry of Women and Social Action has the following major roles in disaster risk management:
Table 4.12 Major Roles of Ministry of Women and Social Action
Organization: Ministry of Women and Social Action Proactive measures (before disaster)
Allocate 600 emergency kits in Maputo City, in the WFP stores to be distributed at national level - UNFPA is the Focal Point -;
Training the Provincial and District Focal Points of the Women and Social Action Sectors, MINT, district administrators, chief of administrative sites and implementing protection emergency activities, including prevention components and response to gender based violence - Nampula 20-22 of August 2014, 60 Focal Points and community leaders from districts and provinces of Niassa, Cabo Delgado and Nampula;
Realization of monitoring activities on the flood trend, through the focal points together with the central and regional CENOE's and COEs provincial and district;
Transmit the information using an adequate language, for each type of need. Using as well sign language for people with inability to read information about flood threats.
Reactive measures (during disaster)
Realization of lobby, advocacy and discussion actions, to improve the involvement of the national and international partners in the actions of the Ministry of Women and Social Affairs, namely, in the rescue, assistance and social protection of the vulnerable population affected by the flood;
Implementation of monitoring action of the flood impact, humanitarian assistance and protection of the vulnerable population and targeted groups, in the sector of women and social affairs;
Conducting a sectorial quick evaluation with different disaggregated data as per sex and age, and prioritizing the most vulnerable groups (teenager and pregnant women);
Gather the information and guarantee is ascender flux (regarding the impact and the necessary actions) and descendent (regarding the available resources, criteria and distribution of assistance, necessary actions, etc.);
Activation of the assistance and protection plans, particularly for young girl, including together with other sectors (health) assistance kits for the most vulnerable
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groups; Activation of response and prevention mechanisms against violence and abuses,
including spread of information about the attendance for adolescents and women victim of violence;
Support of entrainment activities for adolescent and providing of friend-services for adolescents and youths;
Monitoring the humanitarian assistance and protection of adolescent, youths and pregnant women;
Provide technical support for the Provincial Directorates of Women and Social Affairs (DPMAS) and Health District Services for Women and Social Affairs (SDMAS) in the areas affected by the floods.
Normalization measures of the affected people (after disaster)
Awareness on the gender based violence component, in the resettlement and accommodation neighborhoods;
Organization of monitoring visit in the affected areas to guarantee that all identified vulnerable groups have access to social protection and health services;
Distribution of the information about local services for children and women victims of violence;
Agricultural project promotion for the most vulnerable groups of the resettled neighborhoods.
12) Ministry of Health
Ministry of Health has the following major roles in disaster risk management:
Table 4.13 Major Roles of Ministry of Health
Organization: Ministry of Health Proactive measures (before disaster)
Promotion of individual and collective Hygiene measures within the population at large, through awareness actions such us prevention of transmissible diseases.
Perform routine disease surveillance, aimed at early detection of epidemics; Make sanitation actions in the potential sources of water and food contamination, in
coordination with the water and sanitation sector; Provide in the areas most at risk to emergency treatment, medicament kits,
anthropometric and medical material, nutritional supplement, education material; Provision of medicaments for the continuity of the treatment of chronic diseases
such as HIV and AIDS, diabetes, HTA and tuberculosis; Ensure the training of health personnel and APEs for the intervention in the
emergencies and epidemics, including breastfeeding support, nutritional screening and treatment of acute malnutrition.
Reactive measures (during disaster)
Strengthening the promotion of sanitation measures for the environment, individual and collective hygiene in the affected population, preventing communicable diseases and control of chronic diseases;
Guarantee the continuity of the treatment of chronical diseases such as HIV and AIDS, diabetes, HTA and tubercles;
Ensure the proper monitoring of the nutritional situation in the affected areas; Ensure the early detection of epidemic diseases as well as the periodic strengthening
of provision of basic medicaments; Ensure the diagnosis and the treatment of common diseases (malaria, diarrhea,
respiratory infections and skin diseases, among others) in the accommodation centers;
Ensure the existence of health team trained in emergency, epidemic and nutritional intervention management, creation of spaces for the breastfeeding in the resettlement areas or in other spaces;
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Ensure the forbidden entrance for maternal milk substitution in the resettlement areas and in the other affected areas;
Deworming with Mebendazole to all children of 12 to 59 months and pregnant women that did not receive it in the previous 6 months. Moreover vitamin A supplement for all children of 6 to 59 months, that did not receive it in the previous 6 months;
Give specific assistance to the postpartum women (postpartum consultation, vitamin A and salty ferrous supplement)
Ensure the nutritional supplement for the most vulnerable groups (children of 6 to 59 months, pregnant and breastfeeding women) with BP-5 or CSB;
Start the treatment for pregnant women and children with acute, moderate (DAM) or severe (DAG) malnutrition.
Normalization measures of the affected people (after disaster)
Continue to promote individual and collecting prevention measures within the population at large, informing and make awareness on the constant individual and collective hygiene, as a tool to be protected from most of the transmissible diseases;
Continue with the epidemic routine control; Implement sanitation actions to promote the hygiene, in coordination with the water
and sanitation sector; Maintain the nutritional selection of the vulnerable groups (children of 6 to 59
months, pregnant and breastfeeding women) and the treatment of people with acute malnutrition;
If the food security has not been yet ensured, it is necessary to continue with the supplements alimentation for the most vulnerable groups (children of 6 to 59 months, pregnant and breastfeeding women);
Evaluation, rehabilitation, reconstruction and reactivation of the health affected units
13) Ministry of Industry and Commerce
Ministry of Industry and Commerce has the following major roles in disaster risk management:
Table 4.14 Major Roles of Ministry of Industry and Commerce
Organization: Ministry of Industry and Commerce Proactive measures (before disaster)
Rapid evaluation of food availability, resources and other needs; Mobilization and contact with potential goods suppliers during and after the
occurrence of emergency; Identification, definition and mapping movements of goods, within the areas in
excess or with availability for the affected zones. Reactive measures (during disaster)
Facilitate and support the local buying activities; Issue evaluations about the entrance of products because of the emergency; Participation in the selection of donated products (food and others) before of being
distributed to the affected populations or sent it to the affected zones. Normalization measures of the affected people (after disaster)
Participation of the resettled population; Facilitate and support the activities of local buying; Evaluation of the entrance of donated products for the emergency; Assess the trading and industrial infrastructures affected by the flood; Guarantee the rehabilitation of the damaged commercial network in the affected
zones; Participation and stimulation of transformation actions and enrichment of food
products;
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(3) Major Roles of DNA and ARAs
As seen in the tables above, it is evident that DNA has very wide responsibility in water related
disaster management together with ARAs. But the major roles discussed above do not include
prevention/ mitigation measures, which are the most important and efficient in disaster risk reduction
(DRR). JICA team has prepared a disaster management matrix focusing on DNA, ARAs, INGC,
INAM and other important agencies by using the collected information. It is evident that DNA and
ARAs have important roles for implementing prevention and mitigation measures for disaster risk
reduction. The disaster management matrix is shown in Table 4.15.
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Rel
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Tabl
e 4.
15
Maj
or R
oles
of D
NA
, AR
As,
IN
GC
, IN
AM
and
Oth
er A
genc
ies
in D
isas
ter
Cyc
le (W
ater
Rel
ated
Dis
aste
rs)
Dis
aste
r C
ycle
M
easu
res
Maj
or R
oles
D
NA
A
RA
s IN
GC
/ CE
NO
E
INA
M
Pro
vinc
e, D
istr
ict a
nd o
ther
age
ncie
s Pr
even
tion/
M
itiga
tion
Non
- st
ruct
ure
Su
ppor
t for
form
ulat
ion
of fl
ood
man
agem
ent p
lan
Su
ppor
t for
pla
nnin
g an
d de
sign
of f
lood
m
anag
emen
t fac
ilitie
s
Col
lect
floo
d in
form
atio
n of
inte
rnat
iona
l riv
ers
from
nei
ghbo
ring
coun
tries
Ope
ratio
n an
d m
aint
enan
ce o
f dam
s an
d ba
rrag
es fo
r wat
er re
sour
ces
man
agem
ent.
O
rgan
izin
g m
anag
emen
t com
mitt
ee o
f st
akeh
olde
rs o
f riv
er b
asin
(inc
l. in
tern
atio
nal
river
bas
in)
U
pgra
ding
floo
d fo
reca
stin
g m
odel
Prep
arat
ion
of p
roje
ct p
ropo
sals
for d
onor
ag
enci
es to
con
stru
ct a
nd im
prov
e flo
od
man
agem
ent f
acili
ties
Fo
rmul
atio
n of
floo
d m
anag
emen
t pla
n
Plan
ning
and
des
ign
of fl
ood
man
agem
ent
faci
litie
s
Col
lect
floo
d in
form
atio
n of
inte
rnat
iona
l riv
ers
from
nei
ghbo
ring
coun
tries
Ope
ratio
n an
d m
aint
enan
ce o
f dam
s an
d ba
rrag
es fo
r wat
er re
sour
ces
man
agem
ent.
O
rgan
izin
g m
anag
emen
t com
mitt
ee o
f st
akeh
olde
rs o
f riv
er b
asin
(inc
l. in
tern
atio
nal
river
bas
in)
U
pgra
ding
floo
d fo
reca
stin
g m
odel
Prep
arat
ion
of p
roje
ct p
ropo
sals
for d
onor
ag
enci
es to
con
stru
ct a
nd im
prov
e flo
od
man
agem
ent f
acili
ties
L
and
use
regu
latio
n to
pre
vent
floo
d da
mag
e (M
inis
try o
f Sta
te A
dmin
istra
tion
and
Min
istry
of L
and,
Env
ironm
ent &
Rur
al
Dev
elop
men
t)
Mai
nten
ance
of d
ykes
(Min
istry
of
Agr
icul
ture
or w
ater
use
rs a
ssoc
iatio
n)
O
pera
tion
and
mai
nten
ance
of d
rain
age
faci
litie
s in
cl. d
rain
age
pum
ping
sta
tions
( A
IAS
and
mun
icip
ality
)
Stru
ctur
e
Plan
ning
, con
stru
ctio
n an
d im
prov
emen
t of
dyke
s
Con
stru
ctio
n, im
prov
emen
t and
reha
bilit
atio
n of
dam
(lar
ge),
barr
age,
slu
ice,
etc
.
O
vers
ee c
onst
ruct
ion
and
impr
ovem
ent o
f flo
od fo
reca
stin
g an
d w
arni
ng s
yste
m
O
vers
ee c
onst
ruct
ion
of ra
in w
ater
sto
rage
fa
cilit
ies
to re
duce
floo
d ru
noff
(fut
ure
task
)
Ove
rsee
impr
ovem
ent o
f hyd
rolo
gica
l ob
serv
atio
n sy
stem
(rai
n an
d w
ater
leve
l ga
uges
)
Pl
anni
ng, c
onst
ruct
ion
and
impr
ovem
ent o
f dy
kes
C
onst
ruct
ion,
impr
ovem
ent a
nd re
habi
litat
ion
of d
am (s
mal
l), b
arra
ge, s
luic
e, e
tc.
O
vers
ee c
onst
ruct
ion
and
impr
ovem
ent o
f flo
od fo
reca
stin
g an
d w
arni
ng s
yste
m
C
onst
ruct
ion
of ra
in w
ater
sto
rage
faci
litie
s to
re
duce
floo
d ru
noff
(fut
ure
task
)
Impr
ovem
ent o
f hyd
rolo
gica
l obs
erva
tion
syst
em (r
ain
and
wat
er le
vel g
auge
s)
C
onst
ruct
ion
and
impr
ovem
ent o
f flo
od
fore
cast
ing
and
war
ning
sys
tem
(IN
AM
, IN
GC
)
Im
prov
emen
t of m
eteo
rolo
gica
l obs
erva
tion
syst
em (I
NA
M)
C
onst
ruct
ion
and
impr
ovem
ent o
f flo
od
fore
cast
ing
and
war
ning
sys
tem
(IN
AM
, IN
GC
)
C
onst
ruct
ion
and
impr
ovem
ent o
f dra
inag
e fa
cilit
ies
incl
. dra
inag
e pu
mpi
ng s
tatio
ns
( AIA
S an
d m
unic
ipal
ity)
Prep
ared
ness
N
on-
stru
ctur
e
Prep
arat
ion
of c
ontin
genc
y pl
an in
hy
drol
ogic
al a
spec
t
Upd
atin
g na
tiona
l and
inte
rnat
iona
l foc
al
poin
t lis
t
Prep
arat
ion
of b
usin
ess
cont
inua
tion
plan
(B
CP)
of D
NA
(fut
ure
task
)
Con
clus
ion
of M
OU
for e
mer
genc
y su
ppor
t w
ith re
late
d or
gani
zatio
ns in
clud
ing
priv
ate
cons
truct
ion
firm
s (f
utur
e ta
sk)
Pr
epar
atio
n of
floo
d ris
k m
aps
(fut
ure
task
)
Impl
emen
tatio
n of
rout
ine
disa
ster
dril
ls
(join
)
Insp
ectio
n an
d m
aint
enan
ce o
f Hyd
rolo
gica
l Fl
ood
War
ning
Sys
tem
(SA
C)
M
anag
emen
t of r
eser
voirs
taki
ng in
to
acco
unt t
he h
eavy
rain
and
dro
ught
Prov
isio
n of
rain
fall
and
wat
er le
vel
info
rmat
ion
Pr
ovis
ion
of a
lert
info
rmat
ion
base
d on
ha
zard
leve
l
Parti
cipa
te C
EN
OE
and
Pro
vinc
ial C
OE
Mai
ntai
n da
taba
se o
f rai
nfal
l, w
ater
leve
l and
di
scha
rge
obse
rvat
ion
Is
suan
ce o
f "N
atio
nal H
ydro
logi
cal B
ulle
tin"
Pr
epar
atio
n of
bud
get f
or e
mer
genc
y op
erat
ion
Se
tting
of s
tand
ard
for i
ssui
ng e
vacu
atio
n or
der
Pr
epar
atio
n of
bus
ines
s co
ntin
uatio
n pl
an
(BC
P) o
f AR
As
(fut
ure
task
)
Con
clus
ion
of M
OU
for e
mer
genc
y su
ppor
t w
ith re
late
d or
gani
zatio
ns in
clud
ing
priv
ate
cons
truct
ion
firm
s (f
utur
e ta
sk)
Pr
epar
atio
n of
floo
d ris
k m
aps
(fut
ure
task
)
Parti
cipa
tion
to ri
ver b
asin
com
mitt
ee
Im
plem
enta
tion
of ro
utin
e di
sast
er d
rills
(joi
n)
Pr
ovis
ion
of ra
infa
ll an
d w
ater
leve
l in
form
atio
n
Prov
isio
n of
ale
rt in
form
atio
n ba
sed
on h
azar
d le
vel
Pa
rtici
pate
Pro
vinc
ial C
OE
Mai
ntai
n da
taba
se o
f rai
nfal
l, w
ater
leve
l and
di
scha
rge
obse
rvat
ion
Patro
l and
insp
ectio
n of
rive
r and
haz
ardo
us
area
s
Rai
nfal
l, W
ater
leve
l and
dis
char
ge o
bser
vatio
n
Issu
ance
of f
lood
fore
cast
and
war
ning
Prep
arat
ion
of b
udge
t for
em
erge
ncy
oper
atio
n
Pr
epar
atio
n of
con
tinge
ncy
plan
(eve
ry
min
istri
es a
nd c
oord
inat
ed b
y IN
GC
and
ap
prov
ed b
y th
e C
ounc
il of
Min
iste
rs)
Se
ndin
g te
chni
cal s
uppo
rt te
am to
Pro
vinc
ial
and
Dis
trict
gov
ernm
ents
for p
repa
redn
ess
C
heck
the
leve
l of p
repa
redn
ess
of s
choo
ls,
hosp
itals
, hea
lth c
ente
rs a
nd o
ther
Setti
ng o
f sta
ndar
d fo
r iss
uing
eva
cuat
ion
orde
r (I
NG
C, I
NA
M)
Pr
epar
atio
n of
eva
cuat
ion
plan
(Dis
trict
, IN
GC
)
Prep
arat
ion
of b
usin
ess
cont
inua
tion
plan
(B
CP)
for e
very
adm
inis
trativ
e le
vels
and
ag
enci
es
C
oncl
usio
n of
MO
U fo
r em
erge
ncy
supp
ort
with
rela
ted
orga
niza
tions
incl
udin
g ot
her l
ocal
au
thor
ities
and
priv
ate
cons
truct
ion
firm
s
Prep
arat
ion
and
diss
emin
atio
n of
haz
ard
map
s fo
r com
mun
ity le
vel (
ING
C)
O
rgan
izat
ion
of d
isas
ter m
anag
emen
t co
mm
ittee
(CG
RC
) (IN
GC
)
Enh
ance
men
t of c
omm
unity
bas
ed d
isas
ter r
isk
man
agem
ent (
CB
DR
M) (
ING
C)
Im
plem
enta
tion
of ro
utin
e di
sast
er d
rills
(o
rgan
ized
by
ING
C w
ith p
artic
ipat
ion
of a
ll re
late
d ag
enci
es)
M
onito
ring
poss
ible
thre
ats
of e
mer
genc
y ev
ents
In
terp
reta
tion
and
diss
emin
atio
n of
sea
sona
l cl
imat
ic fo
reca
st o
f Moz
ambi
que
C
apac
ity b
uild
ing
and
train
ing
of te
chni
cian
re
gard
ing
the
tech
nica
l pro
cedu
re in
em
erge
ncy
Pr
epar
atio
n of
con
tinge
ncy
plan
Setti
ng o
f sta
ndar
d fo
r iss
uing
eva
cuat
ion
orde
r (IN
GC
, IN
AM
)
Con
clus
ion
of M
OU
for e
mer
genc
y su
ppor
t w
ith re
late
d or
gani
zatio
ns in
clud
ing
othe
r lo
cal a
utho
ritie
s an
d pr
ivat
e co
nstru
ctio
n fir
ms
Im
plem
enta
tion
of ro
utin
e di
sast
er d
rills
Rai
nfal
l obs
erva
tion
Prov
isio
n of
rain
fall
info
rmat
ion
Issu
ance
of f
lood
fore
cast
and
war
ning
Prep
arat
ion
of b
udge
t for
em
erge
ncy
oper
atio
n
Pr
epar
atio
n of
con
tinge
ncy
plan
(eve
ry
min
istri
es a
nd c
oord
inat
ed b
y IN
GC
and
ap
prov
ed b
y C
ounc
il of
Min
iste
rs)
Pr
epar
atio
n of
bus
ines
s co
ntin
uatio
n pl
an
(BC
P) fo
r eve
ry a
dmin
istra
tive
leve
ls a
nd
agen
cies
(fut
ure
task
)
Con
clus
ion
of M
OU
for e
mer
genc
y su
ppor
t w
ith re
late
d or
gani
zatio
ns in
clud
ing
othe
r lo
cal a
utho
ritie
s an
d pr
ivat
e co
nstru
ctio
n fir
ms
(A
ll re
late
d ag
enci
es)
Im
plem
enta
tion
of ro
utin
e di
sast
er d
rills
(o
rgan
ized
by
ING
C a
nd p
artic
ipat
ion
of a
ll re
late
d ag
enci
es)
A
ctiv
atio
n an
d de
activ
atio
n of
war
ning
s (C
ounc
il of
Min
iste
rs)
Im
plem
enta
tion
of e
vacu
atio
n (D
istri
ct,
Loc
alid
ad, I
NG
C)
Pa
trol a
nd in
spec
tion
of ri
ver a
nd h
azar
dous
ar
eas
(Riv
er b
asin
com
mitt
ee)
W
ater
leve
l obs
erva
tion
(Riv
er b
asin
co
mm
ittee
)
Stoc
kpile
of f
ood,
wat
er, m
edic
al k
it fo
r em
erge
ncy
shel
ter (
ING
C, P
rovi
nces
, D
istri
cts)
Stoc
kpile
of e
quip
men
t and
mat
eria
ls fo
r flo
od fi
ghtin
g (h
eavy
equ
ipm
ent,
tool
s, s
and
bags
, etc
.) (P
rovi
nce,
Dis
trict
, IN
GC
)
AP - 269
Ass
ista
nce
for
Enh
ance
men
t of
Ins
titu
tion
al C
apac
ity
to M
anag
e W
ater
Rel
ated
Dis
aste
r R
isks
in M
ozam
biqu
e B
asel
ine
Surv
ey
42
Pr
ovis
ion
of a
lert
info
rmat
ion
base
d on
haz
ard
leve
l (IN
GC
)
Est
ablis
hmen
t of h
otlin
e w
ith lo
cal a
utho
ritie
s (I
NG
C)
Im
plem
enta
tion
of e
vacu
atio
n (D
istri
ct,
Loc
alid
ad, I
NG
C)
E
stab
lishm
ent o
f CE
NO
E a
nd P
rovi
ncia
l CO
E
(IN
GC
)
Stoc
kpile
of f
ood,
wat
er, m
edic
al k
it fo
r em
erge
ncy
shel
ter (
ING
C, P
rovi
nces
, Dis
trict
s)
St
ockp
ile o
f equ
ipm
ent a
nd m
ater
ials
for f
lood
fig
htin
g (h
eavy
equ
ipm
ent,
tool
s, s
and
bags
, et
c.) (
Prov
ince
, Dis
trict
, IN
GC
)
Prep
arat
ion
of b
udge
t for
em
erge
ncy
oper
atio
n (I
NG
C, I
NA
M, P
rovi
nce
& D
istri
ct)
Pr
epar
atio
n of
bud
get f
or e
mer
genc
y op
erat
ion
(IN
GC
, IN
AM
, Pro
vinc
e &
D
istri
ct)
M
appi
ng o
f the
non
-aff
ecte
d (s
afe)
are
as
(Mun
icip
ality
)
St
ruct
ure
Im
prov
emen
t of c
omm
unic
atio
n sy
stem
(s
ecur
e re
dund
ancy
) to
shar
e di
sast
er
info
rmat
ion
amon
g re
late
d or
gani
zatio
ns
Im
prov
emen
t of c
omm
unic
atio
n sy
stem
(s
ecur
e re
dund
ancy
) to
shar
e di
sast
er
info
rmat
ion
amon
g re
late
d or
gani
zatio
ns
Im
prov
emen
t of c
omm
unic
atio
n sy
stem
(s
ecur
e re
dund
ancy
) to
shar
e di
sast
er
info
rmat
ion
amon
g re
late
d or
gani
zatio
ns
Pr
epar
atio
n of
eva
cuat
ion
cent
er (D
istri
ct,
ING
C)
Im
prov
emen
t of c
omm
unic
atio
n sy
stem
(s
ecur
e re
dund
ancy
) to
shar
e di
sast
er
info
rmat
ion
amon
g re
late
d or
gani
zatio
ns
Im
prov
emen
t of c
omm
unic
atio
n sy
stem
(s
ecur
e re
dund
ancy
) to
shar
e di
sast
er
info
rmat
ion
amon
g re
late
d or
gani
zatio
ns (a
ll re
late
d ag
enci
es)
Pr
epar
atio
n of
eva
cuat
ion
cent
er (D
istri
ct,
ING
C)
Res
pons
e N
on-
stru
ctur
e
Mon
itorin
g th
e op
erat
ion
of w
ater
sto
rage
an
d flo
od c
ontro
l fac
ilitie
s
Gat
her f
lood
and
dam
age
info
rmat
ion
and
sorti
ng o
f the
info
rmat
ion
In
form
atio
n sh
arin
g in
CE
NO
E
Pr
ovis
ion
of h
ydro
logi
cal c
ondi
tion
and
fore
cast
by
Nat
iona
l Hyd
rolo
gica
l Bul
letin
Issu
ing
pres
s re
leas
es
In
tens
ifica
tion
of s
yste
mat
ic m
onito
ring
of
wat
er le
vels
/ flo
w
O
pera
tiona
l man
agem
ent o
f wat
er re
sour
ces
A
dvic
e to
the
loca
l gov
ernm
ent
M
anag
emen
t of h
ydra
ulic
infr
astru
ctur
e
Patro
l and
ear
ly d
etec
ting
of fl
ood
cond
ition
su
ch a
s de
pth
and
area
of i
nund
atio
n
Gat
her f
lood
and
dam
age
info
rmat
ion
and
sorti
ng o
f the
info
rmat
ion
In
form
atio
n sh
arin
g in
Pro
vinc
ial C
OE
Prov
isio
n of
hyd
rolo
gica
l con
ditio
n an
d fo
reca
st b
y R
egio
nal H
ydro
logi
cal B
ulle
tin
Is
suin
g pr
ess
rele
ases
A
ctiv
atio
n of
ale
rt le
vel a
s pe
r mag
nitu
de o
f the
di
sast
er
C
hron
olog
ical
reco
rdin
g of
all
the
inci
dent
s an
d re
spon
se c
ondu
cted
(CE
NO
E, C
OE
)
Send
ing
tech
nica
l sup
port
team
to P
rovi
ncia
l an
d D
istri
ct g
over
nmen
ts fo
r res
pons
e
Eva
luat
ion
of th
e im
med
iate
nee
ds o
f hu
man
itaria
n as
sist
ance
Cre
atio
n of
a d
atab
ase
of th
e af
fect
ed p
eopl
e an
d th
e ty
pe o
f res
pons
e pr
ovid
ed
E
nsur
e su
pply
of 1
4 ba
sic
need
s fo
r the
af
fect
ed p
opul
atio
n
Dam
age
asse
ssm
ent (
ING
C)
In
form
atio
n sh
arin
g am
ong
rela
ted
agen
cies
(C
EN
OE
, all
rela
ted
agen
cies
)
Eva
cuat
ion
guid
ance
(IN
GC
, Dis
trict
and
loca
l au
thor
ities
)
Sear
ch, r
escu
e an
d su
ppor
t act
iviti
es (I
NG
C
and
loca
l aut
horit
ies)
Tran
spor
t of c
ritic
al p
atie
nt (I
NG
C a
nd lo
cal
auth
oriti
es)
Se
tting
up
of C
OE
(IN
GC
and
loca
l au
thor
ities
)
Ass
ista
nce
for a
ffec
ted
peop
le
R
unni
ng o
f acc
omm
odat
ion
cent
er (D
istri
ct
ING
C a
nd C
EN
OE
)
Secu
ring
food
stuf
fs, d
rinki
ng w
ater
, clo
ths,
m
edic
ine,
etc
. (IN
GC
)
Nat
iona
l/ in
tern
atio
nal c
alls
for m
obili
zatio
n of
re
sour
ces
if ne
cess
ary
Pu
blic
rela
tions
on
dam
age
and
resp
onse
(C
EN
OE
and
Loc
al G
over
nmen
t)
Is
suin
g pr
ess
rele
ases
Don
atio
n ca
mpa
igns
for a
ffec
ted
peop
le
In
form
atio
n sh
arin
g am
ong
rela
ted
agen
cies
Con
tinuo
us fo
llow
up
of m
eteo
rolo
gica
l ph
enom
ena
Sp
read
of e
arly
war
ning
with
indi
catio
n of
m
agni
tude
and
the
risk
zone
s
Issu
ing
pres
s re
leas
es
D
isse
min
atio
n of
info
rmat
ion
(Rad
io, T
Vs,
m
edia
)
Info
rmat
ion
shar
ing
amon
g re
late
d ag
enci
es
(CE
NO
E, a
ll re
late
d ag
enci
es)
E
vacu
atio
n gu
idan
ce (I
NG
C, D
istri
ct a
nd
loca
l aut
horit
ies)
Sear
ch, r
escu
e an
d su
ppor
t act
iviti
es (I
NG
C
and
loca
l aut
horit
ies)
Tran
spor
t of c
ritic
al p
atie
nt (I
NG
C a
nd lo
cal
auth
oriti
es)
Se
tting
up
of C
OE
(IN
GC
and
loca
l au
thor
ities
)
Ope
ratio
n of
dra
inag
e pu
mps
( AIA
S,
mun
icip
ality
and
loca
l aut
horit
ies)
Run
ning
of a
ccom
mod
atio
n ce
nter
(Dis
trict
an
d C
EN
OE
)
Secu
ring
food
stuf
fs, d
rinki
ng w
ater
, clo
ths,
med
icin
e, e
tc. (
Loc
al G
over
nmen
t ,IN
GC
an
d M
ASA
)
Publ
ic re
latio
ns o
n da
mag
e an
d re
spon
se
(CE
NO
E a
nd L
ocal
Gov
ernm
ent)
M
appi
ng o
f dam
aged
infr
astru
ctur
e (D
POPH
RH
)
Reh
abili
tatio
n of
infr
astru
ctur
e (D
POPH
RH
)
Man
agem
ent o
f san
itatio
n (D
POPH
RH
)
Civ
il pr
otec
tion
(UN
APR
OC
)
Firs
t aid
, med
ical
ass
ista
nce
and
sani
tatio
n (M
ISA
U, I
NG
C, D
PS)
E
nviro
nmen
t act
ion
coor
dina
tion
(MIT
AD
ER
)
Com
mun
ity e
duca
tion
(MIT
AD
ER
)
Dis
tribu
tion
of C
erte
za (w
ater
pur
ifyin
g liq
uid)
(DPS
)
Stru
ctur
e
Con
stru
ctio
n of
tem
pora
lly d
ykes
to p
reve
nt
spre
adin
g of
inun
datio
n
Con
stru
ctio
n of
tem
pora
lly d
ykes
to p
reve
nt
spre
adin
g of
inun
datio
n
Dis
patc
h of
em
erge
ncy
equi
pmen
t suc
h as
lig
htin
g ve
hicl
es, w
ater
pur
ifier
, gen
erat
ors,
C
onst
ruct
ion
of te
mpo
rally
dyk
es to
pre
vent
sp
read
ing
of in
unda
tion
(Pro
vinc
e)
AP - 270
Ass
ista
nce
for
Enh
ance
men
t of
Ins
titu
tion
al C
apac
ity
to M
anag
e W
ater
Rel
ated
Dis
aste
r R
isks
in M
ozam
biqu
e B
asel
ine
Surv
ey
43
wat
er s
uppl
y ta
nks,
etc
. (IN
GC
and
CE
NO
E)
C
reat
ion
of a
ltern
ativ
e ac
cess
road
(AN
E)
Rec
over
y/
Rec
onst
ruct
ion
Non
- st
ruct
ure
E
labo
ratio
n an
d di
ssem
inat
ion
of th
e ra
iny
seas
on re
port
In
spec
tion
and
reno
vatio
n of
the
hydr
o-cl
imat
olog
ic n
etw
ork
Fo
rmul
atio
n of
reco
nstru
ctio
n pl
an o
f da
mag
ed fl
ood
man
agem
ent f
acili
ties
In
spec
tion
and
reno
vatio
n of
the
hydr
o-cl
imat
olog
ic n
etw
ork
Fo
rmul
atio
n of
reco
nstru
ctio
n pl
an o
f dam
aged
flo
od m
anag
emen
t fac
ilitie
s
O
pera
tion
of a
ccom
mod
atio
n ce
nter
s (D
istri
ct
ING
C a
nd C
EN
OE
)
Eva
luat
ion
of d
amag
es, n
eeds
and
rese
ttlem
ent
plan
Infr
astru
ctur
es re
habi
litat
ion
and
reco
nstru
ctio
n pl
an a
nd a
lloca
tion
of n
eces
sary
reso
urce
s
Mon
itorin
g an
d co
ordi
natio
n of
inte
grat
ed
reco
nstru
ctio
n pr
ogra
ms
at lo
cal l
evel
Ens
urin
g sa
fe u
se o
f lan
d fo
r the
rese
ttled
co
mm
uniti
es
Id
entif
icat
ion,
des
ign
and
impl
emen
tatio
n of
pr
ofita
ble
proj
ects
for a
ffec
ted
grou
ps
E
valu
atio
n of
the
prep
arat
ion
and
emer
genc
y re
spon
se p
lan
E
valu
atio
n of
the
met
eoro
logi
cal
phen
omen
on a
nd it
s im
pact
s
Con
tinuo
us p
rovi
sion
of f
orec
ast a
nd w
eath
er
info
rmat
ion
O
pera
tion
of a
ccom
mod
atio
n ce
nter
s (D
istri
ct IN
GC
and
CE
NO
E)
Is
suan
ce o
f vic
tim c
ertif
icat
e (D
istri
ct,
Loc
alid
ad)
Pr
ovis
ion
of s
peci
al p
aym
ent f
or d
isas
ter
relie
f (Pr
ovin
ce &
Dis
trict
)
Res
ettle
men
t of a
ffec
ted
popu
latio
n (D
POPH
RH
)
Form
ulat
ion
of re
habi
litat
ion
plan
(M
OPH
RH
, Min
istry
of H
ealth
, Min
istry
of
Edu
catio
n, P
rovi
nce,
Dis
trict
)
Supp
ortin
g re
habi
litat
ion
wor
ks o
f loc
al
auth
oriti
es (M
OPH
RH
, Min
istry
of H
ealth
, M
inis
try o
f Edu
catio
n, P
rovi
nce,
Dis
trict
)
Con
trol o
f epi
dem
ic (D
istri
ct, R
ED
CR
OSS
)
Dis
posa
l of f
lood
deb
ris (M
unic
ipal
ity a
nd
loca
l aut
horit
ies)
Eff
ectiv
e us
e of
vol
unte
ers
(Pro
vinc
e, D
istri
ct
RE
D C
RO
SS)
C
lean
ing
of p
ublic
faci
litie
s an
d hy
gien
e ac
tiviti
es (P
rovi
nce,
Dis
trict
RE
D C
RO
SS)
Pa
rtici
patio
n fo
r new
tow
n pl
anni
ng b
y co
llabo
ratio
n of
resi
dent
s, c
omm
unity
and
ad
min
istra
tion
(MO
PHR
H, D
istri
ct,
Loc
alid
ad)
C
onsu
ltatio
n an
d m
easu
res
for r
eset
tlem
ent
of h
abita
tion
(Pro
vinc
e, D
istri
ct)
Pr
ovid
e fin
anci
ng fo
r res
ettle
men
t of
habi
tatio
n (P
rovi
nce,
Dis
trict
)
Form
ulat
ion
of re
cons
truct
ion
plan
(P
rovi
nce)
Map
ping
of t
he in
unda
ted
area
s (D
PA)
D
istri
butio
n of
farm
tool
s (D
PA, M
ASA
)
Prov
isio
n of
sup
port
mat
eria
ls (D
PA)
Eva
luat
ion
of e
nviro
nmen
tal i
mpa
ct b
y flo
od
(MIC
OA
)
Act
ive
parti
cipa
tion
in re
habi
litat
ion
and
cons
truct
ion
(riv
er b
asin
com
mitt
ee)
Stru
ctur
e
Em
erge
ncy
reha
bilit
atio
n w
orks
of d
amag
ed
dyke
s an
d riv
er fa
cilit
ies
Stre
ngth
enin
g of
rive
r fac
ilitie
s su
ch a
s dy
kes
E
mer
genc
y re
habi
litat
ion
wor
ks o
f dam
aged
dy
kes
and
river
faci
litie
s
St
reng
then
ing
of ri
ver f
acili
ties
such
as
dyke
s
B
uild
ing
tem
pora
ry h
ouse
s (P
rovi
nce)
Em
erge
ncy
reha
bilit
atio
n w
orks
of d
amag
ed
leve
es a
nd ri
ver f
acili
ties
(Pro
vinc
e)
R
eset
tlem
ent f
rom
tem
pora
lly e
vacu
atio
n ce
nter
to s
afe
rese
ttlem
ent a
reas
(Dis
trict
, M
unic
ipal
ity)
E
arly
reha
bilit
atio
n of
ess
entia
l util
ities
(p
ower
sup
ply,
wat
er s
uppl
y, s
ewer
age,
etc
.) an
d ro
ads
(Pro
vinc
e, D
istri
ct)
St
reng
then
ing
of ri
ver f
acili
ties
such
as
dyke
s (P
rovi
nce,
AR
A’s
)
Insp
ectio
n, c
onst
ruct
ion
and
reha
bilit
atio
n (M
OPH
RH
)
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(4) Emergency Operations
In order to cope with various disasters, the Master Plan for Prevention and Mitigation of Natural
Disasters (PDPMCN) was formulated and approved by the Council of Ministers in March 2006. In
line with the Master Plan, a guideline for establishment and operation of National Center for
Emergency Operation (CENOE) has been prepared and was approved in October 2006.
1) Outline of the National Center for Emergency Operation (CENOE)
Mission
The mission of CENOE is to centralize the inter-sectoral, inter-institutional and international
coordination to respond quickly, efficiently and effectively to the affected people to safeguard
material possessions and rationalizing available resources.
Objective
The objective of CENOE is to provide all those involved in the prevention, mitigation and response to
disasters, procedures, tasks and monitoring technical and scientific actions, issuing warnings, control
of operations, activation and deactivation of emergency operations.
CENOE is a multi-sectoral coordination and decision-making institution where converge
representatives of institutions, organizations and groups of actors directly involved in disaster
response operations.
CENOE is activated and directed at central level when the situation goes beyond the responsiveness
of provincial levels.
CENOE includes part of the National Civil Protection Unit (UNAPROC) as operation body of search
and rescue of disaster victims.
2) Structure and Functioning Levels of CENOE
In normal time, CENOE consists of a coordinator and a small group of INGC employees who work
continuously through shifts, operating 24 hours a day throughout the year (the permanent staff
system).
In state of alert, depending on the alert level, CENOE is formed by the Government sectors that
directly involved in the emergency response processes in addition to the permanent staff system.
Functioning levels of CENOE consists of three levels, i.e. a) Surveillance without alert, b) Partial alert,
and c) Total alert.
Surveillance without Alert
In the warning surveillance state, CENOE has permanent staff system officers, exercising the
functions of collection, information processing in close coordination with sectors source of
information of phenomena monitoring. At this stage, CENOE receives information from: INAM,
SETSAN, SARCOF, SADC / EW, DNA, MIREM, MOH, Provincial, District Risk Management
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Committees and also from the Operational Regions sections. The permanent staff stays on alert for
case of possible incident. The information collected and managed in CENOE is valid for decision
making concerning the activation or not of an emergency situation.
Partial Alert
The partial alert is the state in which it is not necessary to declare a national emergency. The partial
alert is decided when the resources allocated under the Contingency Provincial Plan are exhausted in
the affected province, and the dimensions do not require emergency action by all government sectors.
At this level, in addition to the permanent staff system, concerned government sector employees to be
engaged in the emergency and appointed for the duration of the all emergency. These employees are
called focal points. The focal points are integrated into the operating sectors, part of the planning,
information, infrastructure, communication and social sectors in CENOE.
Total Alert
In total alert, CENOE works at its full capacity in accordance with the phenomenon. This alert is
decreed by His Excellency the President or by one to whom he delegates when the emergency cannot
be controlled with the allocated funds in the overall contingency plan and the situation requires action
from all sectors that are part of the Management Disaster Coordination Board (CCGC). In most cases,
this alert is activated when the disaster is ongoing. The total alert may, if conditions require, be
accompanied by a call to the international community.
Figure 4.1 Structure of National Emergency Operation Center
National Emergency OperationCenter (CENOE)
Support and Assistance Section Service Officer
ALERT: GREEN/ YELLOW ALERT: ORANGE/ RED
Information Officer Monitoring Officer
Meteorology andCyclone/ Floods
Earthquake/Tsunami
Fire
CommunicationOperator
InformationVerification
Procedures andRisk Analysis
Focal Point OfficerNational Civil Protection
Unit (UNAPROC)Cooperation Officer
Planning/Information
Communication Infrastructure Social Services
Ministry of Planningand Development (MPD) Ministry of Agriculture
(MINAG), Ministry of Finance
(MF), Ministry of Foreign
Affairs and Cooperation(MINEC), Meteorological National
Institute (INAM), National Directorate of
Water (DNA), National Directorate of
Geography , CENACARTA Information Office
(GABINFO)
Information Office(GABINFO), National Disaster
Management Institute(INGC), Social Communication
Institute (ICS), TVM, RM, Journalist Trade Union
(SNJ), and Other social
communication entities
Ministry of PublicWorks and Housing(MOPH),
Ministry ofCommunication andTransport,
Ministry of Tourism(MITUR)
MDN, Ministry of Science and
Technology (MCT), Ministry of Energy, Ministry of National
Defence, Ministry of Interior, Social Communication
Institute (ICS), Communication National
Institute of Mozambique(INCM),
ANE and FIPAG
Ministry of Health(MISAU), Ministry of Interior
(MINT), Ministry of State
Administration (MAE), Ministry of Women and
Social Affairs (MMAS), Ministry of Youth and
Sports (MJD), Ministry of Industry and
Trade (MIC), First Lady Office, UNDP, Red Cross of
Mozambique (CVM), and UNICEF
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3) Alert System
Depending on evolution of the phenomenon that may cause disaster or a negative impact in the
country, CENOE is activated with institutional alert system.
Green Alert Level
The green alert level is not any warning. It is a normal surveillance and prevention system, where
the following activities take place:
Actively participate in the activities of prevention, mitigation and preparedness, within the
planned actions by each government institution.
Identify threats, vulnerabilities and risk areas at local level.
Update and periodically disclose response plans.
Make field and headquarters simulations to assess the preparedness and response plans.
Create forms and mechanisms to optimize all available resources.
Mobilize the population to comply with instructions issued by the competent authorities.
Yellow Alert Level
When the yellow alert is decreed there is a potential emergency to emerge in that location. So the
focal points and CENOE Coordinator shall:
Activate their delegations and take inventory of the existing resources for the response.
Maintain contact with the permanent staff of CENOE, regional, provincial and district
authorities.
Permanent monitoring of the evolution of the phenomenon and take corresponding decisions.
Prepare eventual activation of CENOE, according to the protocol.
Coordinate with the involved institutions, dissemination of bulletins to inform the public about
the likelihood and / or development of the phenomenon.
Coordinate with the involved institutions in carrying out preventive necessary actions in risk
areas.
Educating the public in accordance with the instructions issued by the INGC or CTGCN
authorities.
Prepare the National Civil Protection Unit (UNAPROC) to the preparedness status.
Create conditions for reception of affected people.
Produce regular reports to the Council for Disaster Management Coordinator.
Check logistical requirements within CENOE and the operating status of the equipment
Activate the Management Risk Committees (CGRC)
Prepare the positioning of the intervention teams and resources to meet the needs of the affected
areas.
Ensure that each employee of the focal points system have a stocked functional car and a mobile
phone capable of operating.
Verify and update the contact lists.
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Orange Alert Level
The orange alert level indicates that the disaster is imminent, but there is a possibility to prevent it.
The actions to be undertaken are as follows:
Start dislocation of materials and equipment for the risk areas.
Call communities located in the affected areas to seek safe places.
Coordinate with the institutions involved in the dissemination of bulletins to inform the public
about the likelihood and / or development of the phenomenon.
Coordinate with institutions involved in carrying out necessary preventive actions in risk areas.
Maintain the population in alert to the warning and directions of the authorities.
Produce regular reports to the Council of Ministers.
Produce bulletin on the evolution of the phenomenon and information operations for media
entities.
Red Alert Level
Activate partial or total function level of CENOE.
Activate National Civil Protection Unit (UNAPROC) and define the incidence control systems.
Preparation of the consolidated call document for the donor community if necessary.
Coordinate the immediate response, focusing on search, rescue and humanitarian aid.
If necessary call all or part of CCGC members.
Keep informed people about the response actions;
Do a preliminary assessment of the damages.
Produce daily information on the evolution of the phenomenon and operations for the Council of
Ministers.
Produce bulletin on the evolution of the phenomenon and operations to media and information
entity.
Keep monitoring until the end of the emergency.
4) Declaration of Alert
The declaration of alert is emitted after the technical analysis, monitoring of the event and of the
eventual consequences in the national territory; CENOE will be activated if the phenomenon is
Yellow (partial activation) or Red (total activation) alert and if the regional response is not enough to
cope with the event.
Procedure
1. The institutions source of information such as INAM, ARAs, DNA, Geology, CENACARTA and
other international sources provide information to the INGC information management officers.
2. The information management officers, after receiving and processing information send it to the
permanent officers.
3. The permanent officers inform the INGC Director about the existence and stage of threat.
4. The Director of INGC considers the issue of the orange or red alert.
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5. Considering the predictability of the event and its size, the INGC Director can:
a) If necessary emit the alert;
b) Convene the Technical Council;
b) Ask the direct convocation of the Coordination Council for consideration;
Figure 4.2 Flow of Declaration of Institutional Alert
5) Deactivation of CENOE
The deactivation process aims to formally terminate the CENOE activities and sectors of intervention
once the situation and the crisis is normalized.
Procedure
1. The monitoring institutions submit a report of the current situation of the phenomenon to the
decision making CENOE group.
INAM, ARAs, GABINFO, DNA, Geology,CENACARTA and internationa entities
(Monitoring the event)
Official system maintains consistantcommunication with the Technical
monitoring institutions
Verification and technical consolidationof the information, to be presented to the
INGC Director
The Director of INGC convene theTechnical Board for Disaster
Management to transmit information
The Director of INGC, after analysing theinformation about the event, informs the
Coordination Council to inform and makedecisions
Partial or total activation ofCENOE
Alert declaration
GREEN YELLOW ORANGE RED
Nomal institutionalsituation
Constant monitoringof the phenomenonand preparation of
resources
Constant monitoringof the phenomenon,
resource mobilizationand activation of
CENOE
Critical situation,activation ofUNAPROC
International call andcoordination relief
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2. The Coordinator of CENOE, calls the focal points of the Main Institutions of each sector, to
assess the situation.
3. The main institutions present a report of the action taken and outstanding shares at the CENOE
Coordinator.
4. The Decision-Making Group performs an analysis of the progress and pending actions in each
sector of the COEM Area Operations.
5. The Coordinator of CENOE, decides to disable CENOE partially or totally, according to analysis
of the current situation in each sector.
6. Each focal point of the disabled sector must deliver institutional information of activities, while
participating in the activation of CENOE.
7. The Director of the INGC declares formal deactivation of CENOE and the deactivation of the
alert, and therefore the focal points return to normal activities.
6) Emergency Operation in Regional Level
Provincial Emergency Operation Center (COE)
The Central and Northern regions of Mozambique have suffered from severe floods due to torrential
downpours caused by tropical depression since middle of January 2015. According to the latest
report of Technical Council for Disaster Management (CTGC), the death toll has risen to 159 as of
January 29. Especially, Zambezia province including the Licungo River Basin suffered most
severely and the death toll rose 134 in the province. The flooding of the Licungo was described as
the worst since 1971.
In order to cope with the severe flood in the Licungo River Basin, the National Center for Emergency
Operation (CENOE) has been established in the
Government Office of Zambezia Province. The
CENOE has been established based on the guideline
on establishment and functioning of CENOE,
October 2006, approved by the 25th session of the
council of Ministers on the 17th of October 2006.
The Director General of INGC has been assigned as
the Service Officer of the CENOE and under the
Service Officer, five sector groups were formed, i.e.
1) information and planning, 2) communication, 3)
infrastructure, 4) procurement and logistics, and 5)
social affairs.
Figure 4.3 Structure of National Center for Emergency Operation (CENOE)
Service Officer
Information andPlanning
InfrastructureProcurement and
LogisticsSocial AffairsCommunication
Zambezia Provincial Office where EOC is placed
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When JICA team visited the CENOE, members from INGC, DNA, ARA, INAM, Red Cross,
NGOs, etc. were working in groups depending on their mandate. Layout of the CENOE,
equipment and number of staffs were as shown below:
Figure 4.4 Layout, Equipment and Number of Staffs in the CENOE (When JICA team visited)
- Notebook PCs were used to receive, process and
share information in the CENOE and they were
connected to internet by wireless network adapter.
There is no map, message board nor whiteboard in
the room when JICA team visited the CENOE.
Every information had been shared on PCs.
According to the recent interview with Director of
the CENOE/INGC, large-scale maps, prepared by
INGC HQ, were started to be utilized in the
CENOE to share disaster situation among the staff
since after a few days.
- Information on closures of road traffic were indicated on maps in PC network.
- Number of affected people and number of accommodation centers were also indicated on GIS
database.
Roles of Mocuba Unit and ARA Central North in Flood Management
- One of the important roles of Mocuba Unit in flood management is to monitor hydrological
condition of the river basin and to supply the information to DNA and other stakeholders for both
water utilization and flood risk management.
- Observation of water level is performed three times in dry season and five times in rainy season.
DNA compiles the hydrological information from all ARAs as National Hydrological Bulletin and
supply the information for central authorities such as Ministries, ARAs, INGC, TVs and radios.
- ARA Central North predicted that flooding will occur within 48 hours and issued warning on 10
Service Officer
Information andPlanning
Infrastructure
Procurement andLogistics
Social Affairs
CommunicationCopy
1 Tablet PC1 pers
2 PCs2-3 pers.
4 PCs5-6 pers.1 printer
4 PCs4-5 pers.
2 PCs4 pers.
TV monitor
Courtesy visit to General Director of INGC
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January through community radio and Technical Department of DNA. DNA issues National
Hydrological Bulletin daily basis.
- Based on the flood information of Mocuba Unit, the Police Authority of Mocuba blocked traffic
of Mocuba Bridge for securing safety of transport. Although a part of the bridges was washed
out by the flood, safety of the traffic was maintained.
- It is important to supply hazard information to the risk people in short time. Therefore, ARA
supplies hazard information directly to Disaster Risk Committees of District and Local levels by
cell phone or walkie-talkie. Committee members were trained to disseminate warning
information to the people in risk areas.
(Issues in Flood Management by Mocuba Unit and ARA Central North)
- Since hydrological observation is performed manually, it is difficult to detect the changes of water
levels in short time.
- Due to electricity failure, communicating with the observer (reader) became impossible (backup
power supply such as solar power system is needed. Also redundant means of communication
should be secured).
- Also due to the electricity failure, the regional hydrological bulletins were not issued after January
13.
- In order to collect contiguous and reliable data, qualification of the observers (readers) is very
important. Technical training and compensation to maintain motivation will be needed.
Namacurra District
- Director of Planning and Infrastructure Services of
Namacurra District is a member of the Licungo River
Basin Committee, which was established two years
ago.
- The Licungo River Basin Committee consists of 15
members from various areas of the basin and its
president is the Director General of ARA Central
North. The members were elected not only from the
government officials but also from representatives of
civil society in the meeting organized by ARA
Central North. The committee meeting is organized three times a year.
- Namacurra District received information of heavy rains at Gurue and Dorocue on 10 and 11
January from ARA Central North. At 6:00AM on 12 January, the water level of Malei was
already high. Flood warning was disseminated to the risk communities by telephone and
community radio after 6:00AM on 12 January. At 3:00PM on 12 January, flood inundation was
already started at some risk areas in Muiribere, Furquia, and Bawa.
- District Disaster Risk Council has been organized every day since 12 January to collect and share
information for disaster response.
- Namacurra District manages evacuation center to accommodate flood victims.
At Namacurra District Office
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Furquia Administration Post
Furquia Administration Post in Namacurra District is located on the right bank side of the lower
Licungo River. 13 villages out of 16 were affected by the flood. 6 villages out of the affected 13
villages have never suffered from flood before.
- Flood warning and evacuation order were issued to
residents through the head of Furquia and community
leaders through mobile phone and community radio.
But many residents did not evacuate because they
thought that the flood was normal one or the warning
was not credible.
- Flood warnings were issued every rainy season.
- Some people survived on the trees for 4 days.
- This flood was severer than one in 1971, which had
been the severest in people's memory.
- Disaster management committee of Furquia conducted evacuation drills for villages on lower land
in 2013 and 2014. Committee members were trained by INGC and Red-cross.
- Many of flood victims are staying in temporary evacuation center on the higher ground managed
by Namacurra District. Water, tents and tarpaulins were still insufficient.
- Outbreak of epidemic such as malaria and diarrhea has been controlled by the health center.
- Reconstruction of typical house costs approximately 15,000-20,000MT/house. Other than
dwelling, people lost motor bike, bicycle, mobile phone, TV, radio, livestock such as chicken,
goat and cow due to the flood. There is no bank nearby, people keep their cash at home and it is
also washed out.
- Rice production is performed once a year (planting in December and harvesting in June) in this
region. Farmers need seeds for replanting of rice and tomato during this rainy season. Other
major farm products are cassava, maize, wheat, coconut, sugarcane, butter beans, etc.
(5) Flood Monitoring and Warning
1) Rainy Season Monitoring
Rainy season of Mozambique starts from October and lasts until March or early April. During this
period, DNA and ARAs continue rainy season monitoring as described below:
- DNA issues National Hydrological Bulletin and ARAs issue Regional Hydrological Bulletin daily
during rainy season including Saturday, Sunday and holidays. The bulletins are not issued in
other seasons.
- The National Hydrological Bulletin includes 1) situation overview by region, 2) storage of dam
reservoirs, 3) forecast of flood and advisories, and 4) observation data of hydrology and dam
reservoirs.
- The Regional Hydrological Bulletin includes 1) situation overview including rainfall and water
level, 2) situation of the dams in the region, 3) forecast of rainfall and water level, 4) damages of
Interview with community leaders in Furquia
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infrastructure and houses, 5) data on water level, rainfall and dam situation, and contact persons,
email addresses and phone numbers.
- Observation of water level is conducted by units of ARAs three times a day in normal time and
five times a day during flood time. Observation hour varies by station.
Normal time: 7:00, 12:00, 17:00 (example)
Flood time: 7:00, 9:00, 12:00, 15:00, 17:00 (example)
- The observed information is sent from unit to ARA, then ARA to Water Resources Department
(DRH) of DNA usually by mobile phone. SMS or message application (WhatsApp) is used to
send observed data. Telephone and high frequency radios are used for back up but mobile phone
is the main means of communication.
- Based on the collected data of precipitation, water level, reservoir monitoring, meteorological
data from INAM and focal points of neighboring countries, DNA elaborates National
Hydrological Bulletin and ARAs elaborates Regional Hydrological Bulletin. The Regional
Hydrological Bulletin is sent to DNA for consistency of the information.
- The National Hydrological Bulletin is disseminated to the central authorities such as ministries,
INGC, public press and other registered recipient, and the Regional Hydrological Bulletin is
disseminated to regional authorities such as Provincial Government, basin committee members,
INGC and DPOPH in local level, District Government, provincial TV channels, community
radios, etc.
Flow of rainy season monitoring is presented in Figure 4.5.
Figure 4.5 Rainy Season Monitoring
2) Emergency Flood Warning
In the case that flood is predicted based on hydrological observation, ARA send the warning
information to Provincial and District disaster management committees immediately without waiting
to issue the Regional Hydrological Bulletin. The warning information is disseminated to the people
Precipitation/ Water levels(ARAs, Basin ManagementUnit, Focal Points)
Reservoir Monitoring (ARAs,Focal Points)
INAM MeteorologicalBulletin and fromneighboring countries
Elaboration of RegionalHydrological Bulletin (ARAs)
Dissemination to Regional Authorities(Provincial Government, Basin CommitteeMembers, INGC-Delegations, Local DPOPH,District Government, Provincial TV Channels,Community Radios)
Daily Data Collection (DNA)
Elaboration of NationalHydrological Bulletin (DNA)
Dissemination to Central Authorities(Ministries, INGC, ARAs, Public Press, etc.)
Confirm
ation of consistency
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in risk areas through disaster management committee of Administration Posts, community leaders and
community radios. The emergency warning information is authorized by CCGC and CENOE
afterword in the case of emergency.
Figure 4.6 Flow of Flood Forecasting and Warning Information
(6) Human Resources Management
1) Role of Human Resources Division of DNA
The Human Resources Division of DNA has the following functions according to its internal
regulation:
a) Collect, analyze and consolidate data on Human Resources, aiming to design a Personnel Table;
b) Organize and update data on officials and state agents in the water sector;
c) Coordinate and promote activities relating to evaluation of performance of officials;
d) Keep updated biographical records of officials;
e) Collect training needs in water sector in order to plan actions in the training and specialization;
f) Propose training programs for officials in water sector and monitor their implementation and
impact;
g) Design and develop coordination training models in water sector with professional training
centers and other similar institutions;
h) Continue effective implementation of officials assigned to the National Directorate of Water
(DNA);
i) Promote collaborative studies on legislation and other documents.
DNA INAM
INGC
ARAs
Basin Committee
Meteorological info.
Meteorologica
l
info.
Hydrological info.
Hyd
rolo
gica
l inf
o.
Residents Residents Residents Residents Residents Residents
Disaster waring and evacuation order
Media (TV, radio, newspaper, etc.)
CENOE
ProvincialDisaster
ManagementCommittee
INAMProvince
Regional Authorities- INGC Delegations,- DPOPH-Local,- District Government,- Provincial TV,- Community Radios
Meteorological info.Hydrological info.
Disaster warning information
Hydrologicalinfo.
Meteorologicalinfo.
Hyd
rolo
gica
l inf
o.
Disaster warninginformation
Disaster warning
Dis
aste
r war
ing
info
rmat
ion
National Level
Provincial Level
Local Level
Residents
Add
itio
nal i
nfo.
Bas
in in
form
atio
n
Hydrological info.
Hydrological
info.
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2) Training conducted by DNA
Human Resources Division conducts trainings of engineers and technicians of DNA, ARAs and
government staff from national to district levels on water and sanitation. The trainings do not
include subject on flood management.
Trainings of Staff of DNA and ARAs are conducted by the following Procedure:
a) Human Resources Division prepare training program of staff by end of fiscal year (Jan. - Dec.).
b) The training program is presented to Common Fund, which consists of Holland, Swiss,
UNICEF, African Development Bank, Islamic Bank and others.
c) Based on decision, selection and support of the donor group, the training program is finalized .
The donors do not conduct training itself and they just support the trainings financially. The
trainings are conducted inviting lecturers from university, private sectors and the national
training center.
The theme of the trainings is mostly on water and sanitation because the donors are most interested in
that issue. To increase supply of safe water for more people is one of the national targets under
MDG. Approximately 180 people receive the training course annually on average. In 2014, 500
local leaders and staff of local authorities received the trainings on data collection and analyses. The
training will be continued in 2015. At present, since any training is not government priority, it is not
allowed to allocate national budget for training. Therefore, all the trainings are conducted by
financial support of donors.
3) Training on Water Resources supported by World Bank
Department of Water Resources is the major department working on flood management in DNA.
Trainings including flood management for DNA and ARAs' staff have been conducted by support of
World Bank since 2012 until 2016. Some of the trainings proposed for the year 2015 are relating to
flood management as shown in Table 4.16 and list of proposed training are shown in ANNEX 1.
However, the proposed trainings are still like a shopping list and have not been designed to develop
the capacity of staff systematically. The trainings do not include any training on flood disaster
mitigation.
Table 4.16 Major Proposed Trainings of DNA and ARAs relating to Flood Management
supported by World Bank Item Contents
Name of course: Type: Provider: Venue: Beneficiaries: Objective: Cost: Finance: Year:
GIS and Remote Sensing for Water Resources Management Short course (10 days) Universidade Eduardo Mondlane (UEM) Maputo DNA, ARAs-S, CN, C, Z and N 15 people Strengthening technical capacity of DNA and ARAs staff for improvement of water resource and disaster management through integrated technology US$20,000.- Pilot Project for Climate Resilience (PPCR), World Bank 2015
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Name of course: Type: Provider: Venue: Beneficiaries: Objective: Cost: Finance: Year:
Dam Safety Short course (15 days) LINE C/ Universidade Eduardo Mondlane (UEM) Portugal/ Maputo ARA-Su, ARA-CN, ARA-C, ARA-Z, DOH 10 people Strengthening capacity for disaster management and preparedness US$40,000.- National Water Development Program (PNDRH), World Bank 2013 - 2016
Name of course: Type: Provider: Venue: Beneficiaries: Objective: Cost: Finance: Year:
Hydrological data collection and processing Short course (21 days) UNESCO - IHE Netherland DRH, ARA-N, ARA-CN 5 people Institutional strengthening by improving skill on hydrological data collection analysis and dissemination US$30,000.- Pilot Project for Climate Resilience (PPCR), World Bank 2015
Name of course: Type: Provider: Venue: Beneficiaries: Objective: Cost: Finance: Year:
Geophysics Survey Short course (15 days) Universidade Eduardo Mondlane (UEM) Maputo ARA-Su, ARA-CN, ARA-C, ARA-Z, DRH 10 people Strengthening the adaptation capacity and resilience to the climatic changes US$20,000.- National Water Development Program (PNDRH), World Bank 2015
Name of course: Type: Provider: Venue: Beneficiaries: Objective: Cost: Finance: Year:
Urban Flood Management Short Course (5 days) DHI South Africa Johannesburg ARA-Su, ARA-CN, ARA-C, ARA-Z, DOH 6 people Building adaptation capacity and resilience to the climatic changes US$15,000.- Pilot Project for Climate Resilience (PPCR), World Bank 2015
Name of course: Type: Provider: Venue: Beneficiaries: Objective: Cost: Finance: Year:
Hydro-Mechanics Short Course (15 days) Hidroelectrica de Cahora Bassa (HCB) Songo ARA-Su, ARA-CN, ARA-C, ARA-Z, DOH 15 people Building adaptation capacity and resilience to the climatic changes US$15,000.- National Water Development Program (PNDRH), World Bank 2015
4) Recruitment of Staff in DNA and ARAs
Recruitment of staff for DNA and ARAs are conducted by the Ministry of Public Works, Housing and
Water Resources (MOPH) exclusively. A part of hired staff are assigned to DNA in consideration of
balance of departments under the ministry. Some of the staff are hired on project basis and will
retire upon completion of the project.
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Recruitment of staff of ARAs is basically conducted by ARA independently. ARA hire staff based
on their own decision. Sometimes transfer of staff from DNA to ARA is conducted.
Number of staff of DNA by department is shown in Table 4.17.
Table 4.17 Numbers of Staff of DNA (As of February 2015)
Department Number of Staff (person)
Engineer Technician Other Total
Directorate 2 0 4 6
Water Resources Dept. (DRH) 10 4 7 21Planning Dept. (DP) 6 1 2 9Strategic Studies Dept. (DEE) 4 0 1 5Water and Sanitation Dept. (DAS) 10 7 6 23Finance and Administration Dept. (DAF) 2 7 2 11International River Dept. (DRI) 7 1 0 8Hydraulic Works Dept. (DOH) 9 1 1 11Human Resources Division (RRH) 4 1 2 7Procurement Division(UGEA) 2 1 1 4Cabinet of Water & Sanitation Project (GIPSA) 2 1 1 4
Total of DNA 58 24 27 109Source: Human Resources Division of DNA
Number of staff of ARA Central North and its units is presented in Table 4.18.
Table 4.18 Numbers of Staff of ARA Central North and Units Number University
Degree Technician
Level Basic Level Others Total
Men 10 18 5 17 50
Woman 5 14 4 2 25
Total 15 32 9 19 75
(7) Budget of DNA
Table 4.19 shows the budget and its implementation of DNA from 2010 to 2014 fiscal years.
Average annual growth rate of the budget was 31.6% while that of implementation was 46.5% on
nominal basis (before adjusting price escalation). The growth rates are very high even considering
the price escalation of 5.7% (annual average growth rate of CPI 2010-2013). Sources of budget
roughly consist of internal fund of 60% and external support of 40%.
- Table 4.19 Budget of DNA and Actual Implementation Unit 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Ave. annual
growth
Budget million MT 153.2 184.3 308.4 377.6 556.7 31.6%
Implementation million MT 112.7 179.1 262.2 377.5 518.6 46.5%
Implementation rate 73.6% 97.2% 85.0% 100% 93.2%
Source: DNA
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The budget of the contingency plan is completely separated from the normal budget. It can be
utilized only when emergency situation occur and orange or red alert is declared.
(8) Capacity Assessment Workshop applying PCM Method
The capacity assessment workshop was conducted on May 28, 2015 at ARA Central North with the
following participants:
Organization No. of participants Organization No. of participants ARA Central North 14 DPOPHRH 1 ARA North 4 DPA Nampula 2 INGC Nampula 1 DNA 2 FIPAG 1 Total 25
1) Objectives
The capacity assessment workshop was conducted with the following objectives:
1) To clarify the roles of the stakeholders in river management
2) To identify the problems in implementing river management
3) To consider measures for desirable river management
4) To learn PCM method that is useful to identify the problems and to find out solutions for the
problems
2) Stakeholders Analysis
Stakeholders analysis was conducted by dividing the participants into four groups by disaster phases,
i.e. Group 1: prevention/mitigation, Group 2: preparedness, Group 3: emergency response, and Group
4: recovery/reconstruction. Each group identified the stakeholders and their roles in river
management and considered the problems/issues.
a) Prevention/Mitigation Phase Stakeholders Roles Problems/Issues
Council of Ministers Approval of the contingency plan Activation/ deactivation of the warnings
Occurrences of extreme events such as floods/ droughts
INAM Seasonal climate forecasting Floods and cyclones DNA/ ARAs Issuance of the national hydrological
forecasting Elaboration of the national contingency Plan Monitoring and hydrological information
dissemination
Occurrences of floods and inundations
INGC/ CENOE/ COE Deployment of the national contingency plan Mobilization of the funds Monitoring possible threats of emergency
events
Occurrences of floods/ cyclones/ inundations/ droughts
Prevention/mitigation is the most important roles for disaster risk reduction (DRR) and DNA and
ARAs have important roles in planning and implementing river management to mitigate flood
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disasters. However, the roles considered by the participants are mainly roles for preparedness.
Importance of the roles of DNA/ARAs in prevention/ mitigation or disaster risk reduction has not
been well understood. Although preparedness and emergency response are also important,
investment for prevention/ mitigation is more cost effective. Changing of mindset will be needed.
b) Preparedness Phase Stakeholders Roles Problems/Issues
ARAs Preparation of the contingency plan Fuel, communication, allowance and transportation means are insufficient.
DNA Compilation of the contingency plan MOPHRH Forwarding the contingency plan to the
cabinet council Delay in funds allocation for
emergency Council of Ministers Approval of the contingency plan Decrease of the budget INGC Preparation of the response plan
It is an effective approach to prepare annual National Contingency Plan before the rainy season based
on the seasonal climate forecast and possible flood scenarios gathering contingency plans from all the
concerned ministries and organizations together with budgeting ones. It is also a good preparation to
conduct a disaster simulation exercise based on the contingency plan before the rainy season.
Problems of budget constraints for preparedness activities cannot be solved in short time. Review of
expenditure during preparation stage and reallocation of budget should be considered for effective
utilization of the budget.
c) Emergency Response Phase Stakeholders Roles Problems/Issues
DNA Mobilization of funds Advice to the Government Management of policy and strategy
Insufficient fund decentralization
ARAs Operational management of water resources Advice to the local governments Management of hydraulic infrastructure Information dissemination
DPOPHRH Mapping of the damaged infrastructure Rehabilitation of infrastructure Management of sanitation Resettlement after flood disaster
DPA Mapping of the inundated areas Distribution of tools Provision of support materials for flood
Medias (Radios, TVs, etc.)
Dissemination of information
INAM Weather forecasting Provision of warning information Institutional coordination
INGC, CTGC, CENOE, COE
Assistance of affected people Distribution of assistance material Provision of shelter and tents
National Civil Protection Unit (UNAPROC)
Civil protection
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Government Inter-sectoral coordination Mobilization of funds
Provincial health authorities (DPS)
Medical assistance Sanitation actions
Ministry of land environment and rural development (MITADER)
Environment action coordination Community education
The roles of the concerned agencies during disaster response phase have been well identified by the
participants. However, due to the limited time, the associated problems have not been well analyzed.
According to the participants, insufficient fund decentralization is the most important and common
problem for emergency response. Review of expenditure for the emergency response and the most
effective allocation of budget should be considered.
d) Recovery/Reconstruction Phase Stakeholders Roles Problems/Issues
MOPHRH Construction Rehabilitation Inspection
Insufficient funds Human resources are not enough
qualified District Government/ Municipality
Resettlement from temporally evacuation center to safe settlement areas.
People do not want to move to inconvenient settlement areas.
Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security (MASA)
Distribution of agricultural material Poor transportation and road access
INAM Forecasting and weather information dissemination
Not enough observation stations.
MICOA Evaluation of the environmental impact Not enough qualified human resources
River Basin Committee Active participation in the rehabilitation and construction
Conflict of interest
The roles of the Ministry of Public Works, Housing and Water Resources are important for recovery
and rehabilitation but the roles of DNA and ARAs are also important in analysis of the flood, planning
and designing for upgrading river facilities in order to prevent and mitigate disaster. It is also
important to conduct comprehensive river management training for the staff to enhance the capacity
in river management.
3) Problem Analysis
Problem analysis was conducted to comprehend current existing problems and their causes. Due to time
limitation, each group analyzed one core problem in each disaster phase. It is recommended to conduct the
problem analysis for the important problems to find out causes of the problems.
a) Prevention/Mitigation Phase and other phases
Observation of rainfall is performed by both DNA/ARAs and INAM but the observed data by both
parties are not utilized each other effectively. It will be possible for ARAs, DNA and INAM to
enhance their hydrological observation network by sharing the observed data each other effectively
without increasing the cost. Utilization of satellite-based rainfall data to be introduced in this JICA
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assistance will also be one of the solutions to enhance rainfall observation in insufficiently-gauged
river basins.
b) Preparedness Phases
According to the problem analysis, major causes of the above core problem, activities of ARAs are
not regularly conducted, is also caused by lack of transport, lack of communication, lack of
maintenance of vehicles due to insufficient budget. It is important to reconsider the effective
utilization of the budget based on a priority analysis. It is also important to prepare a standard
operation procedure (SOP) taking into consideration of effective utilization of the budget. By
preparing such practical SOP, it will be much convincing to request necessary budget.
c) Emergency Response Phase
As is the case with the above b), major causes of the above core problem are caused by lack of
transport, lack of communication, and delay of budget approval. Since budget approval takes time
Hydrological monitoring in the country is deficient.
Studies on establishment of a strategic monitoring network is insufficient.
Existing monitoring facilities are out of date.
Capacities of the technicians are poor.
Hydraulic infrastructure such as dams and dikes are insufficient
Rehabilitation of the existing facilities have not be conducted
Riverine population are constantly affected by floods
Properties and social infrastructure are destructed.
Destruction of the monitoring facilities by the people
The relevant people are not well communicated.
(Core Problem)
Activities of ARAs are not regularly conducted
Means of transport are insufficient.
Existing cars are damaged.
Means of communication are insufficient
Fuel and lubricant for vehicles are insufficient.
Roads are poor condition.
Planned activities are not executed
Weak information dissemination
Hydraulic stations are not operated
Economical and human damages
(Core Problem)
Phone credit and internet access are insufficient.
Obtained results are not reliable
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and it might delay every year, it is important to prepare an annual activity plan taking the budget delay
into account. It is also important to reconsider the effective utilization of the budget based on a
priority analysis.
d) Recovery/ Reconstruction Phase
According to the problem analysis, major causes of the above core problem is caused by inadequate
inspection of the infrastructure, lack of maintenance and poor quality construction materials, and
technical qualification of human resources. It is necessary to develop technical knowledge and
capability of staff of ARAs and the units on planning, designing, quality management of construction
works, and proper operation and maintenance of the hydraulic structures. It is important to introduce
measures to minimize damages of important infrastructure even in case of severe flood events such as
reservoir (overflow levee). It is also important for ARAs and the units to get involved in planning of
bridges from the view point of river administrator.
Emergency response are not effectively conducted
Approval of the budget is delayed
Means of transport are insufficient
Agencies are depending on foreign assistance
Interruption of communication means
Communities do not have enough info. People are exposed to
disaster risks.
(Core Problem)
Qualified human resources are insufficient
Death, diseases, hunger
Weak information network
Seeds, farm tools and products are not distributed.
First aid kits are not distributed Houses are in
dangerous condition.
Hydraulic infrastructure is damaged frequently
Inadequate inspection of infrastructure
Not well use of the registered records
Occurrence of repeated inundation
Impact on ecosystem
Loss of properties Loss of flora and fauna
(Core Problem)
Loss of human lives
Quality of infrastructure is poor
Poor quality materials are used
Maintenance is not performed properly.
Qualifications of human resources are insufficient.
Insufficient professional experience
Problem of brain drain
Insufficient international exchange
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4) Objective Analysis
Based on the problem analysis discussed above, the objective analysis was conducted to find out a
desirable future situation once the problems are solved, and all possible solutions for achieving it by
applying “means-ends” relationships. The objective trees are presented below:
a) Prevention/Mitigation Phase and other phases
b) Preparedness Phase
Monitoring system of hydrological condition is improved.
Study on definition of strategic hydrological network is realized
Monitoring network is rehabilitated.
Technical capacity is improved.
Hydraulic infrastructures are built
Data collecting system is improved
Communities are involved in hydrological monitoring
Disaster risk is reduced
Awareness of the population about importance of monitoring network is raised.
Communication between interested people is improved.
(Core Objective)
Agreement and memorandum with stakeholders are concluded.
Technicians are trained.
Agreements with stakeholders and donors are concluded.
Activities of ARAs are conducted on time.
Maintenance of the vehicles is done regularly.
Maintenance of the roads is implemented regularly.
Readers have means for sure communication.
Agreements and contract between fuel station and ARAs are concluded.
Cars are less used and kept in better condition.
Activities of ARAs are conducted on time.
Information flow becomes sure and on time
Hydro climatological stations are working properly.
Human and economical damages caused by disasters are reduced.
(Core Objective)
Transportation are available for implementation of the field activities.
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c) Emergency Response Phase
d) Recovery/ Reconstruction Phase
As seen in the objective trees presented above, good means were identified to solve the core problems.
Due to time limitation, the analyses had not been deep enough, though. It is important to continue
the analyses so that the means become concrete activities that can be addressed by ARAs and the units
in collaboration with the concerned agencies.
Especially from the viewpoint of river management, improvement of hydrological monitoring and
improvement of hydraulic structures are the important tasks that should be addressed by ARAs for
disaster risk reduction (DRR).
Effective response to emergency situation is guaranteed
Technical staff of national level is qualified.
Situation of transportation is improved.
Access to roads is rebuilt immediately.
Budget is approved on time.
Communication become smooth.
Good shelter for the community
(Core Objective)
Strategic sectors are identified for emergency response.
Reduction of death, diseases and hunger
Information network is improved.
Demand of food and sanitation is satisfied.
First aid arrives on time
Suitable housing for risk communities
Less dependency on the foreign workers.
Hydraulic infrastructure functions properly
Inspection of the infrastructures is conducted rigorously.
The terms of the contract are rigorously followed.
Impact of floods and inundations is decreased
Preservation of ecosystem
Safety in the economic and social development
Development of fauna and flora
(Core Objective)
Quality of infrastructures is improved
Quality materials are used.
Good maintenance of infrastructure is performed.
Qualified human resources are increased
Regular trainings of staff are conducted
Good salary is guaranteed.
Experience is exchanged with international experts.
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In the PCM workshop, selection of projects and preparation of project design matrix (PDM) were
explained by JICA Team but these processes were not implemented in order to spare more time for the
problem and objective analyses that were the most important part of this workshop.
(9) Scenario-driven Tabletop Exercise on the 2015-Flood Disaster
The scenario-driven tabletop exercise on the 2015-Flood Disaster was conducted on May 29, 2015 at
ARA Central North with the following participants:
Organization No. of participants Organization No. of participants ARA Central North 14 DPA Nampula 2 ARA North 4 DNA 2 INGC Nampula 1 DPOPHRH 2 Total 25
1) Objectives
The scenario-driven tabletop exercise was conducted with the following objectives:
1) To share the experience and effective measures taken during the 2015-Flood among the
participants.
2) To discuss the problems faced during the 2015-Flood
3) To prepare a chronological scenario based on the events actually occurred during the 2015-Flood.
4) To consider best preparedness or prevention/mitigation measures to mitigate loss of lives and
property damages against next large-scale flood events based on the scenario
2) Effective Measures taken and Problems faced during the 2015-Flood
Based on the experiences of the participants during the 2015-flood, effective measures taken and
problems faced were discussed and summarized by respective work categories such as 1) warning, 2)
prevention/mitigation, 3) public relations, 4) communication among agencies, 5) emergency response,
6) evacuation center management, and 7) community based disaster risk management (CBDRM).
Table 1.20 shows the results of group discussion.
Table 4.20 Effective Measures taken and Problems faced during the 2015-Flood Effective measures taken during the 2015-Flood Problems faced during Flood-2015 Warning Flood warning (INAM)
Dissemination of the National Hydrological Bulletin and press release (DNA/ARAs)
Monitoring of the hydrological situation (ARAs) Provision and dissemination of warning of the
strong rain in the central and northern part of the country (INAM)
Updating of the hydrometric levels in the SAC river basin: Central/ Northern part of the country (DNA-ARAs)
Issuance of warning of flood 72 hours before (INAM/ARAs)
Difficulty in long-term forecasting Failure in communications with
users Destruction of bridges in the
Zambezia Region Electric power outage Hydrometric scale was damaged. Hydrological information was
insufficient Lack of communication means
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Prevention/ mitigation
Elaboration and simulation of hydrological scenarios (DNA/ARAs)
Reactivation of the local level disaster management committee (CGRC) based on the hydrological scenario (INGC/CENOE/COE)
Intervention for the affected areas in Mocuba, Moma, Angoche, Lurio (INGC/ ARAs)
Evacuation of the population of Nante, Mocuba, etc. to safe areas (INGC, local government)
Mapping of the non-affected areas (Municipality)
Building of temporally shelter (INGC, local government)
Awareness of the population to move to safe areas (INGC/ARAs/Agriculture)
Lack of data in the river basin Access roads disconnected. People did not follow the instruction
and destroyed a hydrological station.
Public relations Institutional and inter-sectoral contacts were well prepared (INGC)
Issuance of press release on flood warning (ARAs-DNA-INAM- Media)
Inter-sectoral coordination (CTGC, COE, CENOE)
Weak sectoral response People did not follow the
information and did not take action.
Communication among agencies
Participation in meeting of CENOE (ARAs-DPA-DPS-INAM-DNA-INGC)
Participation in COE (ARAs-DPA-DPS-INAM-INGC)
Dissemination of the hydrological bulletin daily (ARAs)
Regular meeting of Provincial and District COE (Government/INAM/ DPOPH/ INGC/ ARAs/ Agriculture)
Warnings through radio and TV were interrupted due to the power outage
Inter-sectoral coordination was insufficient
Emergency response
Provision of use of trucks to communities for reconstruction of houses (District Government)
Distribution of 3000 bottles of the Certeza (water purifying liquid) for the affected areas (DPS)
Distribution of useful tools for recovery and reconstruction (EDM-INGC)
Preparation of boats for rescue of the affected people (INGC)
Preparation of food kits (MASA) First aid action (MISAU-INGC) Distribution of technical health kits (DPS) Donation campaigns for the affected people
(INGC) Creation of alternative access roads (ANE) Evacuation of the people in risk areas to safe
areas (local government/ INGC) Creation of accommodation center (local
government/ INGC)
Interruption of road access Destruction of hydraulic
infrastructure Lack of fund mobilization
Evacuation center management
Logistic in the accommodation and resettlement centers (local government/ INGC/ Infrastructure)
CBDRM Activation of local risk committees (INGC) Activation of the river basin committees
(Communities/ ARAs)
Note: ( ) indicates the agency in charge.
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It was identified that all the concerned agencies took various effective measures to mitigate disaster
damages during the 2015-Flood. However, due to the power failure and damages of the roads and
bridges, the disaster response operation faced difficulties. Hydrological monitoring could not be
continued due to damage of the gauge and also communication problem due to power outage.
Another big issue is that people in risk areas did not follow the evacuation order. It is important to
improve accuracy of the flood forecast and to establish credibility of the forecast.
3) Scenario-driven Tabletop Exercise on the 2015-Flood Disaster
Based on the events actually occurred during the 2015-Flood, a chronological scenario was prepared
by the participants. Then the participants considered the best preparedness or prevention/mitigation
measures to mitigate loss of lives and property damages against next large-scale flood events based on
the disaster scenario. Table 1.21 shows major events, prevention/preparedness measures, and JICA
team's comments. The prevention and preparedness measures were classified into two categories, i.e.
1) measures for disaster risk reduction (DRR) and 2) response (disaster management). Both of them
are important to mitigate damages but the measures for DRR are more important and cost effective to
prevent/ mitigate disasters.
AP - 295
68
Ta
ble
4.21
M
ajor
Eve
nts,
Pre
vent
ion/
Prep
arat
ion
Mea
sure
s, a
nd J
ICA
Tea
m's
Com
men
ts
●:
Dis
aste
r Ris
k R
educ
tion
(DR
R)
○: R
espo
nse
(dis
aste
r man
agem
ent)
No.
D
ate
Maj
or E
vent
s ba
sed
on S
cena
rioPo
ssib
le B
est P
reve
ntio
n/ P
repa
redn
ess
Mea
sure
sco
nsid
ered
by
the
Parti
cipa
nts
Com
men
ts
1.
9 Ja
n.
Issu
ance
of
N
atio
nal
Hyd
rolo
gica
l B
ulle
tin
with
pre
dict
ion
of fl
ood
wat
er le
vel a
bove
8 m
in th
e L
icun
go R
iver
○
All
the
rele
vant
age
ncie
s sh
ould
be
prep
ared
for
the
pre
dict
ed
flood
wat
er le
vel a
nd p
oten
tial f
lood
risk
.
● A
RA
s sh
ould
und
erst
and
how
DN
A is
sues
the
flood
info
rmat
ion
(inpu
t dat
a, s
imul
atio
n m
odel
, acc
urac
y, e
tc.)
2.
10 J
an.
Issu
ance
of
fore
cast
of
rain
abo
ve 2
00 m
m in
the
Lic
ungo
Riv
er b
asin
.
3.
10 J
an.
300m
m o
f pre
cipi
tatio
n w
as re
cord
ed.
○ M
obili
zatio
n of
resc
ue m
eans
.
○ A
ll th
e re
leva
nt a
genc
ies
are
on th
e al
ert a
ssum
ing
seve
rer e
vent
s
than
thos
e pr
edic
ted.
● M
aint
ain
hydr
olog
ical
net
wor
k ac
tive
● R
ainf
all o
bser
vatio
n da
ta b
y A
RA
s an
d IN
AM
sho
uld
be u
tiliz
ed
each
oth
er e
ffec
tivel
y.
● H
ydro
logi
cal
data
flo
w:
from
Uni
t =>
AR
A =
> D
NA
. T
hen
DN
A c
heck
s fo
r err
ors.
H
owev
er, q
ualit
y co
ntro
l of d
ata
shou
ld
be i
mpl
emen
ted
by t
he U
nit,
whi
ch i
s lo
cate
d cl
ose
to t
he
obse
rvat
ion
stat
ion.
● W
ater
leve
l obs
erva
tion
shou
ld b
e co
ntin
ued
durin
g ni
ght t
ime
in
flood
tim
e.
● H
ydro
logi
cal
data
is
esse
ntia
l an
d fu
ndam
enta
l da
ta f
or v
ario
us
plan
s.
The
refo
re, A
RA
s sh
ould
use
the
data
for v
ario
us a
naly
sis
(pro
babi
lity
anal
ysis
).
4.
10 J
an.
Issu
ance
of p
ress
rele
ase
on fl
ood
war
ning
. ○
Upd
atin
g of
ad
dres
ses
and
cont
acts
of
th
e re
late
d
agen
cies
.
● W
arni
ng
mes
sage
s fo
r va
rious
hy
drol
ogic
al
cond
ition
s ar
e
prep
are
and
upda
ted.
5.
11 J
an.
Wat
er le
vel w
as s
till b
elow
the
aler
t lev
el.
○
AR
As
and
the
Uni
ts c
ontin
ue w
atch
ing
rain
fall
in t
he u
pstre
am
area
s an
d th
e ch
ange
s of
the
wat
er le
vel c
aref
ully
.
6.
12 J
an.
Wat
er l
evel
inc
reas
ed a
bove
9m
and
wat
er
leve
l gau
ges
beco
me
unde
r wat
er.
Aff
ecte
d ar
eas:
Moc
uba,
Mag
anja
de
Cos
ta,
Lic
ungo
are
as, F
urch
ia, N
amac
ura,
Mac
use
● Se
tting
wat
er le
vel g
auge
and
tele
met
ric s
tatio
ns
AP - 296
69
7.
12 J
an.
Wat
er
leve
l co
ntin
ued
to
incr
ease
an
d th
e
Nat
iona
l ro
ad N
o.1
was
dis
conn
ecte
d by
the
flood
on
the
left
bank
.
● Se
tting
of
sand
bags
for
the
prot
ectio
n of
brid
ges,
roa
ds,
etc.
● In
ord
er to
sto
ckpi
le s
andb
ags
at a
ppro
pria
te lo
catio
ns;
to
def
ine
the
flood
risk
are
a, a
nd
to
pre
pare
the
inve
ntor
y of
rive
r fac
ilitie
s in
clud
ing
brid
ges.
● C
onst
ruct
ion
of h
ydra
ulic
stru
ctur
es to
man
age
flood
in
the
tribu
tarie
s.
● In
or
der
to
cons
truct
ap
prop
riate
hy
drau
lic
stru
ctur
es,
river
man
agem
ent p
lan
shou
ld b
e pr
epar
ed.
● B
ridge
s an
d ro
ads
are
also
st
ruct
ures
re
latin
g to
riv
er
man
agem
ent.
T
he
Wat
er
Polic
y (5
.1
flood
) de
scrib
es
that
brid
ges
and
road
s cr
ossi
ng t
he f
lood
pla
in a
re p
lann
ed a
nd
cons
truct
ed
appr
opria
tely
.
DN
A/A
RA
s sh
ould
be
ac
tivel
y
invo
lved
in s
uch
deve
lopm
ent p
lans
to p
reve
nt/m
itiga
te d
isas
ters
.
8.
12 J
an.
Ele
ctric
pow
er o
utag
e oc
curr
ed a
nd it
last
ed 4
5
days
.
Seve
ral
brid
ges,
ro
ads
and
infr
astru
ctur
es w
ere
dam
aged
.
○ D
isse
min
atio
n of
info
rmat
ion
on ti
me
○ A
RA
s an
d th
e U
nits
sto
ck n
eces
sitie
s su
ch a
s fo
od, w
ater
, fue
l,
and
light
ing
to c
ontin
ue th
eir d
utie
s.
○ A
RA
s an
d th
e U
nits
sho
uld
equi
p w
ith e
mer
genc
y po
wer
sou
rce
to c
ontin
ue c
omm
unic
atio
n (s
olar
pow
er, b
utte
ry, e
tc.).
● M
aint
enan
ce
and
reno
vatio
n of
riv
er
bank
s to
be
prot
ecte
d fr
om th
e ne
xt fl
oods
● To
insp
ect t
he ri
ver s
truct
ures
afte
r rai
ny s
easo
n an
d to
upd
ate
the
inve
ntor
y of
rive
r fac
ilitie
s.
● To
upg
rade
the
river
stru
ctur
es n
ot ju
st re
stor
ing
● R
epos
ition
ing
elec
tric
pow
er s
tatio
n in
hig
her a
reas
● M
aint
enan
ce o
f the
ele
ctric
pow
er s
tatio
ns
● To
def
ine
flood
risk
are
a
● T
he r
elev
ant
agen
cies
hav
e to
tak
e va
rious
act
ions
at
risk
area
s
acco
rdin
g to
th
e di
sast
er
man
agem
ent
law
.
The
refo
re,
DN
A/A
RA
s sh
ould
def
ine
flood
risk
are
as p
rom
ptly
.
● C
onst
ruct
ion
of a
n al
tern
ativ
e el
ectri
c lin
e fo
r di
sast
er
scen
ario
s
● D
efin
ition
of
sa
fe
and
not
vuln
erab
le
area
s ag
ains
t
inun
datio
n
● To
def
ine
flood
risk
are
as
9.
12 J
an.
Em
erge
ncy
Nat
iona
l M
eetin
gs
wer
e
orga
nize
d.
○ A
ctiv
ate
CO
E
and
loca
l le
vel
disa
ster
m
anag
emen
t
com
mitt
ee (C
GR
C)
○ O
rgan
izat
ion
of
mee
ting
befo
re
the
extre
me
even
ts
acco
rdin
g to
the
fore
cast
.
AP - 297
70
10.
13 J
an.
Tem
pora
ry
acco
mm
odat
ion
cent
ers
wer
e
esta
blis
hed.
○ Pr
even
tive
mob
iliza
tion
of p
eopl
e to
the
bui
ldin
gs i
n
safe
are
as
● To
def
ine
the
flood
risk
are
as
● To
co
nduc
t co
mm
unity
ba
sed
disa
ster
ris
k m
anag
emen
t
(CB
DR
M),
usin
g D
IG (D
isas
ter I
mag
inat
ion
Gam
e)
○ B
uild
ing
of
perm
anen
t ac
com
mod
atio
n ce
nter
s fo
r
tem
pora
ry a
ccom
mod
atio
n of
peo
ple.
11.
13 J
an.
Wat
er
inta
ke
faci
lity
of
Moc
uba
was
dest
ruct
ed b
y th
e flo
od.
○ St
ock
wat
er in
tank
s ●
Publ
ic a
war
enes
s: E
mer
genc
y ac
tion
plan
sho
uld
be m
ade
in
cons
ider
atio
n of
in
terr
uptio
n of
el
ectri
cal
pow
er
and
wat
er
supp
lies
durin
g flo
od.
● C
onst
ruct
ion
of p
rote
ctio
n an
d re
silie
nt m
easu
res
for
wat
er
inta
ke
faci
litie
s ag
ains
t flo
od,
and
alte
rnat
ive
mea
sure
s.
● To
pre
pare
the
inve
ntor
y of
the
river
stru
ctur
es
● To
cal
cula
te d
isch
arge
s an
d w
ater
lev
els
with
var
ious
ret
urn
perio
ds.
12.
14 J
an.
ING
C
prov
ided
bo
ats
to
help
pe
ople
to
evac
uate
from
the
inun
date
d ar
eas.
○ Pr
ovid
ing
and
prep
arin
g re
scue
m
eans
in
ad
vanc
e
(boa
ts, h
elic
opte
rs, e
tc.)
○ A
lloca
tion
of a
viat
ion
mea
ns fo
r res
cue
of p
eopl
e
○ A
RA
s, t
he U
nits
and
loc
al g
over
nmen
t ra
ise
awar
enes
s of
the
resi
dent
s to
eva
cuat
e w
ell i
n ad
vanc
e.
● St
reng
then
th
e sy
stem
of
flo
od
war
ning
(S
AC
) fo
r
awar
enes
s of
pe
ople
an
d lo
cal
com
mun
ities
ag
ains
t
flood
● R
isk
area
map
sho
uld
be u
nder
stoo
d an
d ut
ilize
d in
com
mun
ities
.
13.
17 J
an.
ING
C t
rans
porte
d pe
ople
and
pro
perti
es t
o
safe
are
as.
○ Is
suan
ce o
f w
arni
ng f
or th
e co
mm
uniti
es in
adv
ance
for
thei
r eva
cuat
ion
○ It
is i
mpo
rtant
to
enha
nce
the
flood
ear
ly w
arni
ng w
ith e
noug
h
lead
tim
e fo
r saf
e ev
acua
tion.
14.
End
of
Feb.
Wat
er le
vels
bec
ame
norm
al.
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As seen in Table 4.21, various preparedness and prevention/mitigation measures were defined for the
events of the scenario. If all of the measures are taken before the events, damages may be mitigated
considerably. But actually, there are constraints of budget, human resources and time. Also some
of the measures may not be economically feasible. Therefore, it is necessary to judge which risk
management measure should be taken. There are four risk management principals, i.e. mitigating
risk, accepting risk, avoiding risk and
transfer of risk. Mitigating risk includes
construction of dike, improvement of
river channel, etc., accepting risk
includes actions based on a contingency
plan in case the risk is minor, avoiding
risk includes resettlement of people, land
use regulation, etc., and typical example
of transfer of risk is flood insurances.
To consider how to manage the possible
risks is the risk management.
During the 2015-Flood, many infrastructures such as bridges, irrigation, water intake, power supply,
etc. were severely damaged and it gave strong impact for local economy and people's livelihood. If
such large disaster impacts are repeated, the development of a country might not be attained.
Therefore, mainstreaming of disaster risk reduction (DRR) in all development sectors is needed. For
example, roads and bridges were collapsed at several sites in the Licungo River basin. It might be
partially because careful consideration from the viewpoint of river engineering was insufficient during
planning and design stage. Also in agricultural sector, the viewpoint of flood risk management is
indispensable for planning and designing of irrigation facilities. Multi-sectoral cooperation is very
important for implementation of the projects in all development sectors to achieve DRR. DNA,
ARAs and the Units should play very important roles in providing proper advice for the planning and
design from the viewpoint of river administrator.
(10) Reorganization of DNA
In the middle of June 2015, DNA was making a study on reorganization of DNA. There was an idea
that DNA is separated into two directions, one is Direction of Water Resources Management and
another is Direction of Water Supply and Sanitation. In the Direction of Water Resources
Management, DNA has intention to enhance the function of flood management. Water Resources
Department of DNA presented a new organizational plan (proposal) of the Direction of Water
Resources Management to JICA Team and requested for advice for the new organizational plan.
DNA's new organization plan (proposal) is as shown in Figure 4.8.
Risks
Avoid(Eliminate cause of risk)Resettlement, land use regulation, etc.
Mitigate(Reduce probability or impact of risk)Construction of dikes, improvement of river channel, etc.
Transfer(Have third party take on responsibility for risk)Flood insurances
Accept(Develop contingency plan for risk)Accept minor damages.
Figure 4.7 Image of Flood Risk Management
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Figure 4.8 A New Organizational Plan of Direction of Water Resources Management
JICA Advisor, Dr. Baba, advised the following:
The task of the Division of Human Resources should be specialized in technical training and
capacity development of human resources. Administrative works relating to human resources
such as contracting, recruitment, retirement, salary adjustment, etc. should be implemented by
other administrative division.
Department of International River should be integrated as one of the division of the Department
of River Basin Management.
From the technical viewpoint, DNA should have three major functions, i.e. 1) strategic planning,
2) implementation of the planned measures, and 3) operation and maintenance (O&M).
Strategic planning is very important for river management. DNA should have strategic plan for
the river basins to flow flood water safely in all development works such as structures, bridges,
irrigations, etc.
Even though the task of O&M is mandate of ARAs, DNA should have a department of O&M on
national level that oversees all the O&M activities of ARAs and makes policy and strategies of
O&M. Monitoring of hydrological data, data compiling and archiving, management of the river
space, management of the water use lights, approval of water usage are also the important tasks
of the department of O&M. The department of O&M should be separated from the department
of implementation, because it should have a strong administrative power to oversee and control
utilization of water, river space, etc. Water use administration and river space administration
are very important function of the department of O&M.
The flood unit, proposed by DNA, can be proposed as a new Department of Integrated Flood and
Drought Management.
Based on the advices of Dr. Baba, DNA has been studying the new organization.
Ministry of Public Works, Housingand Water Resources (MOPHRH)
National Direction of WaterResoueces Management
Technical Council Group of heads of departments
Procurement
Department ofinternational river
Department ofplanning,
cooperation andstrategic study
Department ofhydraulic
infrastructure
Department ofadministration and
finance
Division of humanresources
Division ofriver basinplanning
Division ofinformationmanagement
Division ofplanning,
monitoring andevaluation
Division ofcooperation and
strategicstudies
Centralsecretary's
office
Division offinance
Division ofadministrationand properties
ARA-NARA-CN
ARA-ZARA-C
ARA-S
Department ofriver basin
management
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(11) Donors' Assistance in Water Resources Management
Table 4.22 shows major donors' assistance projects in water resources management.
Transforming Hydrological and Meteorological Service Project of the World Bank includes diagnosis
study on the existing national hydro-meteorological services and procurement of equipment to
enhance hydrological and meteorological observation. The draft report on the diagnosis study has
just submitted to DNA for review. The report illustrates the existing condition of the
hydro-meteorological monitoring and the information will be basic information to consider
improvement of river management.
Development of a Master Plan for Water Resources Management in Mozambique supported by Korea
International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) will be started from the middle of 2015. The Project
mainly focuses on development of a master plan for water resources management and capacity
development.
Table 4.22 Projects on Water Resources Management Donor Item Description
World Bank Project Name: Finance: Budget: Executing agency: Project period: Objective: Components:
Transforming Hydrological and Meteorological Service Project Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (PPCR)/WB, NDF USD15 million plus EUR4.5 million from NDF (Grant) DNA, INAM, ARAs Sep. 2013 - Dec. 2018 To strengthen hydrological and meteorological information services to deliver reliable and timely climate information to local communities and to support economic development. 1. Strengthening hydrological information management 1.1 Study on optimization of national hydro-metheorological monitoring and
forecasting 1.2 Physical reinforcement of ARAs' monitoring networks (Hydromet
equipment) 1.3 Hydro-met mobile data collection system for DNA, ARAs and gauge
station readers (Phones) 1.4 Procurement of motorcycles and bicycles for ARAs 1.5 Procurement of pickup field vehicles for ARAs 2. Strengthening meteorological information management 2.1 Procurement of strategic technical assistance to INAM 2.2 Procurement for acquisition of 10 Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) and
calibraion 2.3 Procurement of acquisition of vehicles for INAM 2.4 Procurement of high capacity IT server for INAM 2.5 Procurement internet broadband for INAM 3. Piloting resilience through delivery of improved weather and water
information
Korea International Corporation Agency (KOICA)
Project Name: Finance: Budget: Executing agency: Project period: Components:
Development of a Master Plan for Water Resources Management in Mozambique Government of KOREA USD 5.000.000 millions- (Donation) DNA 2015-2017 - Assess the current & future status of water resources.
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74
Provision of equipment: Invitational workshop in Korea: On-the-job training in Mozambique The invitational training courses will target policy makers and technicians, and the course details are as follows:
-Develop a master plan for water resources management. -Strengthen the capacity of Mozambican officials and technicians.
1- Two (2) 4x4 vehicles 2- Five (5) desktops 3- One(1) Plotter
a.High level course for policy makers b.Working level course for technicians and engineers c.The workshops will consist of lectures and discussions on Korea’s water resources management policy and technologies, including field visits. However, the detailed subjects and contents of the workshops will be chosen after further consultation between KOICA and DNA. d.KOICA shall provide round trip airline tickets between Korea and Mozambique, transportation in Korea, per diem, accommodations, and meals for the participants in the workshops in accordance with KOICA’s regulations.a.All detailed matters related to the training in Mozambique will be decided through discussion between KOICA and DNA. b.KOICA shall provide on-the-job training through the project process. c.KOICA shall share its best practices with Mozambican officers so that DNA can accumulate the technology which will enable it to participate in the process of developing a master plan.
Module 1 -International water law -Conflict management in international river -Water allocation
Module 2 -GIS and remote sensing for water resource management -Hydrological data collection process -Flow measurement
Module 3 -Dam safety -Dam operation -Dam investigation and design -Dam construction
Module 4 -Flood forecasting system -Comprehensive flood control scheme
Module 5 -Groundwater modeling and monitoring -Groundwater investigation and development -Groundwater pollution management
Module 6 -Project management and planning
Other than the projects discussed above, Netherlands will start a technical assistance project to the
Water Resources Department of DNA. Netherlands dispatched two project coordinators for two
months for preparation of all documents necessary for implementation of the Project.
AP - 302
Assistance for Enhancement of Institutional Capacity to Manage Water Related Disaster Risks in Mozambique
Baseline Survey
75
(12) Challenges
Based on the results of the baseline survey, the following challenges will be supported in this JICA
Project.
Regarding hydrological observation and utilization of observed data, inspection of hydrometric
stations, guidance for quality control of the observed data, and study on effectiveness of mutual
utilization of rainfall data between ARAs and INAM will be implemented.
Regarding facility management, confirmation of inventory of river facilities including bridges, and
guidance to maintain the inventory by GIS database will be implemented.
Regarding flood risk management, assistance for enhancement of flood early warning system by
applying satellite-based data, assistance for flood simulation analysis, and assistance for flood
management planning will be implemented.
Regarding human resources development, assistance for preparation of training curriculum for
comprehensive river management training will be implemented.
Table 4.23 Challenges to be Addressed in the JICA Assistance
No. Item Challenges
1 Hydrological observation/ utilization of
observed data
• Inspection of hydrometric stations
• Guidance for quality control of the observed data
• Mutual utilization of rainfall data between ARAs and INAM
2 Facility management • Confirmation of inventory of river facilities including bridges
• Guidance to maintain the inventory by GIS database
3 Flood risk management • Assistance for enhancement of flood early warning system by
applying satellite-based data
• Assistance for flood simulation analysis
• Assistance for flood management planning
4 Human resources development • Assistance for preparation of training curriculum for comprehensive
river management training
AP - 303
76
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AP - 304
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AP - 305
1
Resulta
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12
de
Ju
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5
Ass
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1. Objectiv
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pree
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Assistan
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anag
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Disaster R
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Gestão do
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ducção
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oficina, dirigida
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ble‐top Exercício
para avaliar F
lood
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5.
4
Assistan
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AP - 306
2
Disaster Exercise
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5
Disaster Exercise
sAs
sistan
ce fo
r Enh
ancemen
t of Institutiona
l Cap
acity
to M
anag
e Water Related
Disaster R
isks in
Mozam
biqu
e
Field Exercise
Tabletop
Exercise
Attaining skills
Improve pred
ictio
n skill
Increase proficiency
Improve de
cisio
n‐making
Simulation
Rehe
arsal
6
Type
s of Tab
letop Exercises
Assistan
ce fo
r Enh
ancemen
t of Institutiona
l Cap
acity
to M
anag
e Water Related
Disaster R
isks in
Mozam
biqu
e
Difficulty
Practic
ality
Image‐
Training
DIG
Scen
ario
‐Driv
en
Role‐Playing
7
Tipo
s de Tabletop
Exercises
Imagen
s da
Form
ação
DIG:
Scen
ario‐
driven
:
Role‐playing
:
Imaginação
da situa
ção de
desastre e
a resposta necessária
Map
a de
perigo feita
através de um
a ab
orda
gem partic
ipativa
Contramed
idas basea
das n
o cená
rio
Simulação
de um
cen
tro de
em
ergência ope
racion
al
8
Assistan
ce fo
r Enh
ancemen
t of Institutiona
l Cap
acity
to M
anag
e Water Related
Disaster R
isks in
Mozam
biqu
e
AP - 307
3
Exem
plo de
um Tab
letopExercises
Map
a do
perigo de
cheia prep
arad
a através
do DIG no Be
lize
Scen
ario‐driv
enTT
X na
Tailând
ia
Role‐playing
TTX
na Tailând
ia9
Assistan
ce fo
r Enh
ancemen
t of Institutiona
l Cap
acity
to M
anag
e Water Related
Disaster R
isks in
Mozam
biqu
e
Scen
ario‐driv
en TTX
Assistan
ce fo
r Enh
ancemen
t of Institutiona
l Cap
acity
to M
anag
e Water Related
Disaster R
isks in
Mozam
biqu
e
Scen
ario
Prob
lem
Coun
ter‐
measures
Prob
lem
Coun
ter‐
measures
Prob
lem
Coun
ter‐
measures
Even
tsEven
tsEven
ts
Discussio
n am
ong stakeh
olde
rs10
Scen
ario‐driv
enTT
X
Varia
s con
tram
edidas para um
cen
ário de
desastre
Plan
o de
acção
concreto
Redu
cção
do Risc
o de
Desastre
11
Assistan
ce fo
r Enh
ancemen
t of Institutiona
l Cap
acity
to M
anag
e Water Related
Disaster R
isks in
Mozam
biqu
e
Cená
rio ‐Ch
eias 201
5 em
Moçam
biqu
e
Se o te
mpo
pud
esse voltar p
ara atras
1) Se fossem
tomad
as as m
edidas A
2) Se fossem
tomad
as as m
edidas B
os dam
nosp
oderiam se
r Im
pedido
s/Minim
izado
s
12
Assistan
ce fo
r Enh
ancemen
t of Institutiona
l Cap
acity
to M
anag
e Water Related
Disaster R
isks in
Mozam
biqu
e
AP - 308
4
Even
tos M
aiores M
edidas de Preven
ção/Prep
aração
(1/5)
N.
Dad
aEven
to M
aior
Melho
r Prevenção
/Prepa
ração Po
ssivél
19 Jan. Em
issão
do Bu
letin
Hidrologico
Naciona
l com
predicção
de cheias
com nivéis d
e agua
supe
riores
aos 8
mt. no
rio Licung
o2
10
Jan. Em
issão
da Previsã
o de
chu
vas
acim
a de
200
mm na ba
cia do
Licung
o3
10
Jan. Re
gisto de
precipitações de
300m
m.
○Mob
ilização de
meios de resgate.
●Man
uten
ção da
rede
hidrologica activa
410
Jan. Em
issão
de comun
icad
os de
empren
sa so
bre o aviso
de previa
alerta de chieias
●Actua
lização
dos end
ereços e con
tactos com
agen
cias re
lacion
adas
511
Jan. Nivél de agua
con
tinua
aba
ixo do
nivél de alerta.
13
●: Red
ucçãodo
Risc
o de
Desastre (DRR
) ○: Respo
sta (Gestão do
Risc
o)
Assistan
ce fo
r Enh
ancemen
t of Institutiona
l Cap
acity
to M
anag
e Water Related
Disaster R
isks in
Mozam
biqu
e
N.
Dad
aEven
to M
aior
Melho
r Prevenção
Possivel/Prep
aração
antes
Prox
imas grand
es che
ias
612
Jan. Os n
ivéis d
e água
aug
men
taram
acim
a de
9mt. e as escalas de
nivéis foram su
perada
s pelo nivél
de águ
a.Aréas a
fectad
as: M
ocub
a,
Magan
ja de Co
sta, Licun
go areas,
Furchia, Nam
acura, M
acuse
●Instalar e
scalas de nivél e estaçõe
s telemetric
as
712
Jan. O nivél de água
con
tinuo
u a
augm
entar e
a estrada
naciona
l N.1 fo
i interrompida
para as
cheias nos lado
s esque
rdo.
●Instalar sacos de aréia pa
ra a protecção
das
pontes, estrada
s, etc.
●Con
trucção de
infrastructuras h
idraulicas para
gerir as c
heias n
os tributarios
14
Even
tos M
aiores M
edidas de Preven
ção/Prep
aração
(2/5)
●: Red
ucçãodo
Risc
o de
Desastre (DRR
) ○: Respo
sta (Gestão do
Risc
o)
Assistan
ce fo
r Enh
ancemen
t of Institutiona
l Cap
acity
to M
anag
e Water Related
Disaster R
isks in
Mozam
biqu
e
N.
Dad
aEven
to M
aior
Melho
r Prevenção
Possivel/Prep
aração
antes
Prox
imas grand
es che
ias
812
Jan. A rede
electric
a foi aba
ixo pa
ra 45
dias m
uitas p
ontes, estrada
s e
infrastructuras foram
da
mnificad
as.
○Dissem
inação
de Inform
ação
e em
tempo
●Man
uten
ção e reno
vação da
s margens dos
rios a
ser p
rotegido
s das proximas ch
eias
●Rep
osiona
r a estaçõe
s da en
ergia electrica em
aréa
s mais a
ltas
●Man
uten
ção da
s estaçõe
s da en
ergia electrica
●Con
strucção
de um
a lin
ha electric
a alternativa
para cén
arios d
e de
sastres
●Ide
ntificação de
aréas se
guras e
não
vu
lneraveis a
s inu
ndaçõe
s 9
12
Jan. En
contros N
aciona
is de
Em
ergencia fo
ram organ
izado
s ○F
oi activad
o o CO
E e Co
mité
Locais d
e Gestão
de nivél de de
sastre (C
GRC
)○O
rgan
ização de
encon
tros antes do even
to
estrem
o em
acordo com as p
revisões.
15
Even
tos M
aiores M
edidas de Preven
ção/Prep
aração
(3/5)
●: Red
ucçãodo
Risc
o de
Desastre (DRR
) ○: Respo
sta (Gestão do
Risc
o)
Assistan
ce fo
r Enh
ancemen
t of Institutiona
l Cap
acity
to M
anag
e Water Related
Disaster R
isks in
Mozam
biqu
e
N.
Dad
aEven
to M
aior
Melho
r Prevenção
Possivel/Prep
aração
antes
Prox
imas grand
es che
ias
1013
Jan. Foram estab
elecidos ce
ntros d
e acom
odação
tempo
rario
s ●M
obilização preven
tiva de
pessoas para os
edifícios em áreas se
guras
●Con
strucção
de centros d
e acom
odação
pe
rman
ente para acom
odação
tempo
raria
da
s pessoas.
1113
Jan. A torre de
cap
tação de
águ
a de
Mocub
a foi d
estruida
para a cheia●A
rmazen
ar águ
as em ta
nkes
●Con
strucção
de med
idas de protecção e
resiliença pa
ra a to
rre de
cap
actção
contras
as che
ias, e m
edidas alte
rnativas
1214
Jan. O IN
GC providen
ciou
barcos p
ara
adjuda
r as p
essoas na evacua
ção
das a
réas in
unda
das.
○Provide
nciar e
prepa
rar m
eios de resgate em
an
tecede
ncias (ba
rcos, elicop
teros, etc.)
○Prepa
ração de
meios areos para o resgate da
s pe
ssoa
s●R
eforçar o
sistem
a de
previa alerta (SAC
) para
a sensibilização da
s pessoas e com
unidad
es
locais, con
tra as che
ias
16
Even
tos M
aiores M
edidas de Preven
ção/Prep
aração
(2/5)
●: Red
ucçãodo
Risc
o de
Desastre (DRR
) ○: Respo
sta (Gestão do
Risc
o)
Assistan
ce fo
r Enh
ancemen
t of Institutiona
l Cap
acity
to M
anag
e Water Related
Disaster R
isks in
Mozam
biqu
e
AP - 309
5
N.
Dad
aEven
to M
aior
Melho
r Prevenção
Possivel/Prep
aração
antes
Prox
imas grand
es che
ias
1317
Jan. O IN
GC tran
sportou as pessoas e
as proprieda
des p
ara aréa
s segu
ras.
○Emiss
ão de alertas p
ara as com
unidad
es em
antecede
ncias p
ara a sua evacução
14Fim
de
Fev.
2015
Os n
ivéis d
as agu
as voltam ao
norm
al.
17
Even
tos M
aiores M
edidas de Preven
ção/Prep
aração
(2/5)
●: Red
ucçãodo
Risc
o de
Desastre (DRR
) ○: Respo
sta (Gestão do
Risc
o)
Assistan
ce fo
r Enh
ancemen
t of Institutiona
l Cap
acity
to M
anag
e Water Related
Disaster R
isks in
Mozam
biqu
e
Gestão do
risco de
desastre
Mitigar o
risco:
Aceitar o
risco:
Evita
r o risco
Tran
sferir o
risco
Construção
de diqu
es, m
elho
rias d
e rio
s e can
ais
Aceitar d
amno
smen
ores
Reassentam
entos e
regu
lação do
uso
da te
rra etc.
Segu
ro co
ntra che
ias
18
Assistan
ce fo
r Enh
ancemen
t of Institutiona
l Cap
acity
to M
anag
e Water Related
Disaster R
isks in
Mozam
biqu
e
3. R
esultado
s da Pe
squisa de Ba
se
19
Assistan
ce fo
r Enh
ancemen
t of Institutiona
l Cap
acity
to M
anag
e Water Related
Disaster R
isks in
Mozam
biqu
e
(1)Red
ucçãodo
Risc
o de
Desastre (DRR
)
20
Assistan
ce fo
r Enh
ancemen
t of Institutiona
l Cap
acity
to M
anag
e Water Related
Disaster R
isks in
Mozam
biqu
e
AP - 310
6
Comen
tário
s as m
edidas de DR
R (1/5)
N.
Even
to M
aior
Melho
r Prevenção
/Prepa
ração Po
ssivél
19 de
Jan. 201
5 Em
issão
do
Buletin
Hidrologico Naciona
l com predicção
de cheias com
nivéis de
agu
a supe
riores a
os 8
mt. no
rio Licung
o2
10 Ja
n. 201
5 Em
issão
da
Previsã
o de
chu
vas a
cima de
20
0 mm na ba
cia do
Licun
go
310
Jan. 201
5 Re
gisto de
precipita
ções de 30
0mm.
○Mob
ilização de
meios de resgate.
●Man
uten
ção da
rede
hidrologica activa
410
Jan. 201
5 Em
issão
de
comun
icad
os de em
pren
sa
sobre o aviso
de previa alerta de
chieias
●Actua
lização
dos end
ereços e con
tactos com
agen
cias re
lacion
adas
511
Jan. 201
5 Nivél de agua
continua
aba
ixo do
nivél de
alerta.
21
Da
dos d
e ob
servação
da precipita
ção po
r ARA
se
INAM
devem
ser u
tiliza
dos u
ns aos outros d
e form
a eficaz.
O Fluxo de da
dos h
idrológicos é
uma a Unida
de =>
ARA =>
DNA. D
epois a
DNA controla os p
ossíveis
errores. N
o en
tanto, o con
trole de
qua
lidad
e do
s da
dos d
eve ser implem
entado
pela Unida
de, q
ue
está lo
calizad
a pe
rto da
estação
de ob
servação
.
A ob
servação
do nível d
a água
deve ser m
antid
a du
rante a no
ite na ép
oca de
che
ias.
fund
amen
tais para vário
s plano
s. A
ssim
, a ARA
de
ve usar o
s dad
os para as su
as actividad
es.
●: Red
ução
do Risco de
Desastre (DRR
) ○: Respo
sta (Gestão do
Risc
o)
Assistan
ce fo
r Enh
ancemen
t of Institutiona
l Cap
acity
to M
anag
e Water Related
Disaster R
isks in
Mozam
biqu
eAs
sistan
ce fo
r Enh
ancemen
t of Institutiona
l Cap
acity
to M
anag
e Water Related
Disaster R
isks in
Mozam
biqu
e
Prob
lem ana
lysis
on wea
kness o
f hydrological observatio
n
22
Comen
tario
sas m
edidas de DR
R (2/5)
N.
Even
to M
aior
Melho
r Prevenção
/Prepa
ração Po
ssivél
612
Jan. 201
5 Os n
ivéis d
e água
au
gmen
taram acima de
9mt. e
as escalas de nivéis foram
supe
rada
s pelo nivél de água
.
Instalar escalas de nivél e estaçõe
s telem
etric
as
712
Jan. 201
5 O nivél de água
continuo
u a au
gmen
tar e
a
estrad
a na
cion
al N.1 fo
i interrom
pida
para as che
ias n
os
lado
s esque
rdo.
●Instalar sacos de aréia pa
ra a protecção
das pon
tes,
estrad
as, etc.
●Con
trucção de
infrastructuras h
idraulicas para gerir
as che
ias n
os tributarios
23
Para arm
azen
ar sa
cos d
e areias em sítio
s aprop
riado
s;
De
finir aras aréas
em risco,
Prep
arar os inven
tário
s da
s estruturas de
rio
●: Red
ucçãodo
Risc
o de
Desastre (DRR
) ○: Respo
sta (Gestão do
Risc
o)
Para con
struir estruturas hidráulicas ade
quad
as, o
plano
de
gestão
do rio
é indispen
sável.
Pontes e estrada
s tam
bém sã
o estruturas re
lacion
adas co
m a
gestão
do rio
. A Po
lítica da
Águ
a (5.1 inun
dação) descreve qu
e as pon
tes e estrad
as que
cruzam a planície de
inun
dação são
plan
eada
s e construída
s de form
a ad
equa
da. DN
A / A
RAs
devem se
r activam
ente
envolvidos em ta
is plano
s de
desenvolvimen
to para evita
r / re
duzir desastres.
Assistan
ce fo
r Enh
ancemen
t of Institutiona
l Cap
acity
to M
anag
e Water Related
Disaster R
isks in
Mozam
biqu
e
Comen
tário
s as m
edidas de DR
R (2/5)
N.
Even
to M
aior
Melho
r Prevenção
/Prepa
ração Po
ssivél
812
Jan. 201
5 A rede
electric
a foi
abaixo para 45
dias Muitas
pontes, estrada
s e
infrastructuras foram
da
mnificad
as.
○Diss
eminação
de Inform
ação
e em
tempo
●Man
uten
ção e reno
vação da
s margens dos rios as s
er
protegidos das proximas che
ias
●Rep
osiona
r a estaçõe
s da en
ergia electrica em
aréas
mais a
ltas
●man
uten
çãp da
s estaçõe
s da en
ergia electrica
●Con
strucção
de um
a lin
ha electric
a alternativa pa
ra
céna
rios d
e de
sastres
●Ide
ntificação de
aréas se
guras e
não
vulne
raveis as
inun
dações
912
Jan. 201
5 En
contros
Naciona
is de
Emergencia fo
ram
organizado
s
○Activar o COE e Co
mité
Locais d
e Gestão de
nivél de
desastre (C
GRC
) ○O
rgan
izaçãp de
encon
tros antes do even
to estremo
em acordo com as p
revisões.
24
Para inspeciona
r as e
struturas fluviais a
pós
tempo
rada
de chuvas e de rever o
inventário
Para actua
lizar
as estruturas fluviais n
ão ape
nas
reab
ilitar
De
finir as áreas em risco,
Há
algo pa
ra fa
zer n
as áreas de risco com
o po
r exemplo um
adm
inistrado
r de rio
de
acordo
com
a lei d
e gestão
de de
sastres.
Portan
to, o
DNA / A
RAsd
eve lid
ar com
o
prob
lema pron
tamen
te.
De
finir as áreas em risco,
●: Red
ucçãodo
Risc
o de
Desastre (DRR
) ○: Respo
sta (Gestão do
Risc
o)
Assistan
ce fo
r Enh
ancemen
t of Institutiona
l Cap
acity
to M
anag
e Water Related
Disaster R
isks in
Mozam
biqu
e
AP - 311
7
Assistan
ce fo
r Enh
ancemen
t of Institutiona
l Cap
acity
to M
anag
e Water Related
Disaster R
isks in
Mozam
biqu
e
Prob
lem ana
lysis
on freq
uent dam
ages of h
ydraulic structures
25
Comen
tário
s as m
edidas de DR
R (4/5)
N.
Even
to M
aior
Melho
r Prevenção
/Prepa
ração Po
ssivél
1013
Jan. 201
5 Foram
estabe
lecido
s cen
tro de
acom
odação
tempo
rario
s
●Mob
ilização preven
tiva de
pessoas para os edifícios
em áreas se
guras
●Con
strucção
de centros d
e acom
odação
perman
ente
para acomod
ação
tempo
raria
das pessoas.
●Ide
ntificação de
aréas se
guras e
não
vulne
raveis as
inun
dações
1113
Jan. 201
5 A torre de
captação
de água
de Mocub
a foi
destruida pa
ra a che
ia
●Arm
azen
ar águ
as em ta
nkes
●Con
strucção
de med
idas de protecção e resiliença
para a to
rre de
cap
actção
contras a
s che
ias, e
med
idas alte
rnativas
26
pa
ra definir aras áreas em risco,
Co
nduzir um
a gestão
de risco de de
sastres c
om
base na comun
idad
e (CBD
RM), utilizand
o DIG
(Disa
ster
Jogo
Imaginação
)
Sensibilização pu
blica O Plano
de acçãode
em
ergência deve ser feito te
ndo em
con
sideração
a interrup
ção da
ene
rgia e águ
a elétric
os duran
te a
inun
dação.
●: Red
ucçãodo
Risc
o de
Desastre (DRR
) ○: Respo
sta (Gestão do
Risc
o)
Prep
arar os inven
tário
s das estruturas d
e rio
Ca
lcular as d
escargas e os n
íveis d
e água
para as
prob
abilida
des d
e chuva como os valores do
plan
o.
Assistan
ce fo
r Enh
ancemen
t of Institutiona
l Cap
acity
to M
anag
e Water Related
Disaster R
isks in
Mozam
biqu
e
Comen
tário
s as m
edidas de DR
R (5/5)
N.
Even
to M
aior
Melho
r Prevenção
/Prepa
ração Po
ssivél
1214
Jan. 201
5 O IN
GC
providen
ciou
barcos p
ara
adjuda
r as p
essoas na
evacua
ção da
s aréas in
unda
das.
○Providen
ciar e prepa
rar m
eios de resgate em
an
tecede
ncias (ba
rcos, elicop
teros, etc.)
○Prepa
ração de
meios areos para o resgate da
s pe
ssoa
s●R
eforçar o
sistem
a de
previa alerta (SAC
) para a
sensibilização da
s pessoas e com
unidad
es locais,
contra as c
heias
1317
Jan. 201
5 O IN
GC
tran
sportou as pessoas e as
prop
rieda
des p
ara aréa
s segu
ras.
○Em
issão
de alertas p
ara as com
unidad
es em
antecede
ncias p
ara a sua evacução
.
14Fim de Fev. 201
5 Os n
ivéis d
as
agua
s voltam ao no
rmal.
27
●: Red
ucçãodo
Risc
o de
Desastre (DRR
) ○: Respo
sta (Gestão do
Risc
o)
Map
a da
área de
risco de
ve se
r com
pree
ndido e
utilizado
em co
mun
idad
es.
Assistan
ce fo
r Enh
ancemen
t of Institutiona
l Cap
acity
to M
anag
e Water Related
Disaster R
isks in
Mozam
biqu
e
Integração
da DR
R em
todo
s os s
ectores d
e de
senvolvimen
to
Gestão da
s cheias
Construção
de
pon
tes
Desenvolvimen
to
da irrig
ação
Desenvolvimen
to
rural e urban
o
DNA, ARA
se as u
nida
des
DRR
28
Assistan
ce fo
r Enh
ancemen
t of Institutiona
l Cap
acity
to M
anag
e Water Related
Disaster R
isks in
Mozam
biqu
e
AP - 312
8
(2) Re
sposta
(Gestão do
desastre)
29
Assistan
ce fo
r Enh
ancemen
t of Institutiona
l Cap
acity
to M
anag
e Water Related
Disaster R
isks in
Mozam
biqu
e
Comen
tário
s a re
sposta (1
/3)
N.
Even
to M
aior
Melho
r Prevenção
/Prepa
ração Po
ssivél
19 de
Jan. 201
5 Em
issão
do
Buletin
Hidrologico Naciona
l com predicção
de cheias com
nivéis de
agu
a supe
riores a
os 8
m. n
o rio
Licun
go2
10 Ja
n. 201
5 Em
issão
da
Previsã
o de
chu
vas a
cima de
20
0 mm na ba
cia do
Licun
go
310
Jan. 201
5 Re
gisto de
precipita
ções de 30
0mm.
○Mob
ilização de
meios de resgate.
●Man
uten
ção da
rede
hidrologica activa
410
Jan. 201
5 Em
issão
de
comun
icad
os de em
pren
sa
sobre o aviso
de previa alerta de
chieias
●Actua
lização
dos end
ereços e con
tactos com
agen
cias re
lacion
adas
511
Jan. 201
5 Nivél de agua
continua
aba
ixo do
nivél de
alerta.
30
Toda
s as a
gências relevan
tes e
stão
em alerta
assumindo
eventos se
veros d
o qu
e aq
ueles
previstos.
●: Red
ucçãodo
Risc
o de
Desastre (DRR
) ○: Respo
sta (Gestão do
Risc
o)
Assistan
ce fo
r Enh
ancemen
t of Institutiona
l Cap
acity
to M
anag
e Water Related
Disaster R
isks in
Mozam
biqu
e
As ARA
s devem
enten
der c
omo o DN
A em
ite a
inform
ação
sobre as che
ias (da
dos d
e en
trad
a,
mod
elo de
simulação
, precisão, etc.)
Comen
tário
s a re
sposta (2
/3)
N.
Even
to M
aior
Melho
r Prevenção
/Prepa
ração Po
ssivél
812
Jan. 201
5 A rede
electric
a foi
abaixo para 45
dias Muitas
pontes, estrada
s e
infrastructuras foram
da
mnificad
as.
○Diss
eminação
de Inform
ação
e em
tempo
●Man
uten
ção e reno
vação da
s margens dos rios as s
er
protegidos das proximas che
ias
●Rep
osiona
r a estaçõe
s da en
ergia electrica em
aréas
mais a
ltas
●man
uten
çãp da
s estaçõe
s da en
ergia electrica
●Con
strucção
de um
a lin
ha electric
a alternativa pa
ra
céna
rios d
e de
sastres
●Ide
ntificação de
aréas se
guras e
não
vulne
raveis as
inun
dações
912
Jan. 201
5 En
contros
Naciona
is de
Emergencia fo
ram
organizado
s
○Activar o COE e Co
mité
Locais d
e Gestão de
nivél de
desastre (C
GRC
) ○O
rgan
izaçãp de
encon
tros antes do even
to estremo
em acordo com as p
revisões.
31
As ARA
se as u
nida
des n
ecessitam
de armazen
ar
comida, agu
a, com
bustível, e con
tinua
men
te
esclarecer as s
uas tarefas
As Aras e
as u
nida
des d
everiam equ
ipar
recursos de en
ergia du
rante a em
ergência, p
ara
uma continua
comun
icação
.
●: Red
ucçãodo
Risc
o de
Desastre (DRR
) ○: Respo
sta (Gestão do
Risc
o)
Assistan
ce fo
r Enh
ancemen
t of Institutiona
l Cap
acity
to M
anag
e Water Related
Disaster R
isks in
Mozam
biqu
e
Comen
tário
s a re
sposta (3
/3)
N.
Even
to M
aior
Melho
r Prevenção
/Prepa
ração Po
ssivél
1214
Jan. 201
5 O IN
GC
providen
ciou
barcos p
ara
adjuda
r as p
essoas na
evacua
ção da
s aréas in
unda
das.
○Provide
nciar e
prepa
rar m
eios de resgate em
an
tecede
ncias (ba
rcos, elicop
teros, etc.)
○Prepa
ração de
meios areos para o resgate da
s pe
ssoa
s●R
eforçar o
sistem
a de
previa alerta (SAC
) para a
sensibilização da
s pessoas e com
unidad
es locais,
contra as c
heias
1317
Jan. 201
5 O IN
GC
tran
sportou as pessoas e as
prop
rieda
des p
ara aréa
s segu
ras.
○Em
issão
de alertas p
ara as com
unidad
es em
antecede
ncias p
ara a sua evacução
.
14Fim de Fev. 201
5 Os n
ivéis d
as
agua
s voltam ao no
rmal.
32
●: Red
ucçãodo
Risc
o de
Desastre (DRR
) ○: Respo
sta (Gestão do
Risc
o)
It is im
portan
t to en
hance the flo
od early
warning
with
eno
ugh lead
time for safe
evacua
tion.
Assistan
ce fo
r Enh
ancemen
t of Institutiona
l Cap
acity
to M
anag
e Water Related
Disaster R
isks in
Mozam
biqu
e
AP - 313
9
Plan
o de
Con
tingência
Plan
os de contingência Naciona
is e Re
gion
ais
com os p
lano
s de orçamen
to
Exercícios de de
sastres a
ntes da ép
oca chuvosa
Rever o
s problem
as e as liçõe
s apren
dida
s du
rante a ép
oca de
che
ias
Melho
ria do plan
o de
con
tingência para as
futuras é
pocas c
huvosas
33
Assistan
ce fo
r Enh
ancemen
t of Institutiona
l Cap
acity
to M
anag
e Water Related
Disaster R
isks in
Mozam
biqu
e
Qua
se to
das a
s formaçõe
s da DN
A são en
focada
no
aba
stecim
ento e sa
neam
ento de água
É ne
cessária uma Gestão compree
nsiva de
rio
Prom
over a Red
ucçãodo
Risc
o de
Desastre
(3)Desen
volvim
ento dos Recursos
Human
os
34
Assistan
ce fo
r Enh
ancemen
t of Institutiona
l Cap
acity
to M
anag
e Water Related
Disaster R
isks in
Mozam
biqu
e
4. Desafios
N.
Item
Desafios
1Observação hidrolog
ica/utilização
dos d
ados observado
s•Co
nfirm
ação
das estaçõe
s hidrologicas
•Linh
as guias para o controlo da qu
alidad
e do
s da
dos o
bservado
s•Estudo
sobre a utilização reciproca dos dad
os de
precipitã
o en
tre as ARA
s e IN
AM2
Serviços para a gestão
•Co
nfirm
ação
dos inventarios d
os se
rviços de rio
s inclue
ndo rio
s•Linh
as guias para man
untenção
do inventario
para a base de
dad
os de GIS
3Gestão do
risco de
che
ia•Assis
tencia para o fortalecim
ento do sis
tema de
aviso
de previa alerta ap
lican
do os d
ados
basead
os no satelite
•Assis
tencia para a an
alise
da sim
ulação
de cheia
•Assis
tencia para a plan
ificação de
gestão de
che
ia4
Desenvolvimen
to dos Recursos
Human
os•Assis
tencia para a prep
aração
de curricula de
form
ação
para um
a form
ação
da gestão
compren
siva de
rio
35
Assistan
ce fo
r Enh
ancemen
t of Institutiona
l Cap
acity
to M
anag
e Water Related
Disaster R
isks in
Mozam
biqu
e
36
Car
ibb
ean
Dis
aste
r M
anag
emen
t P
roje
ct P
has
e 2
Assistan
ce fo
r Enh
ancemen
t of Institutiona
l Cap
acity
to M
anag
e Water Related
Disaster R
isks in
Mozam
biqu
e
AP - 314
Appendix - 3
Hyogo Framework for Action/Sendai Framework for DRR
AP - 315
AP - 316
Appendix 3-1
Summary of Post-HFA (Zero Draft)
AP - 317
AP - 318
1
THE ZERO
DRA
FT OF
THE PO
ST‐201
5 FRAM
EWORK
FOR
DISA
STER
RISK RE
DUCT
ION
ASSISTAN
CE FOR EN
HAN
CEMEN
T OF INSTITUTIONAL
CAP
ACITY
TO M
ANAG
E WATER
RELATED
DISAS
TER RISKS IN M
OZA
MBIQUE February
19, 201
5JIC
A Team
Makoto KO
DAMA 1
1. BAC
KGRO
UND
1stWorld Conference on Natural D
isaster Reduction in
1994
[The Yokoham
a Strategy for a Safer World]
Guide
lines fo
r natural disa
ster prevention, preparedn
ess a
nd m
itigatio
n and its plan of action, was ado
pted
.
2ndWorld Conference on Natural D
isaster Reduction in
2005
[The Hyogo
Framework for Action (HFA)]
The 10
‐year internatio
nal disa
ster risk re
duction plan
for b
uilding the
resilience of nations and
com
mun
ities to
disa
sters w
as ado
pted
.
3rdWorld Conference on Natural D
isaster Reduction in
2015
[The Post‐2015 Framework for DRR]
2
1. BAC
KGRO
UND
The Yokohama Strategy (1
994)
3
United Nations fixed the 1990s a
s the
International D
ecade for N
atural
Disaster Red
uctio
n. The
1st W
orld Con
ference on
Disa
ster Risk
Red
uctio
n was held in 1994 at th
e mid‐point of the
decade, and
made the Yokohama
Strategy fo
r a Safer W
orld as the
guide
lines fo
r natural disa
ster prevention,
prep
ared
ness and
mitigatio
n.Principles
Risk assessm
ent
Disaster
preven
tion and prep
ared
ness
Capacity to
prevent, red
uce and mitigate disa
sters
Early
warning
Preven
tive measures
Ap
prop
riate edu
catio
n and training
of the
who
le com
mun
ity
Sharing of te
chno
logy to
prevent, red
uce and mitigate disa
ster
Environm
ental protection
Prim
ary respon
sibility of e
ach coun
try for p
rotecting its peo
ple,
infrastructure and
other national assets
1. BAC
KGRO
UND
The Hy
ogo Fram
ework for A
ction (200
5)
4
Expected Outcome
The substantial red
uctio
n of disa
ster losses, in lives and
in th
e social,
econ
omic and
enviro
nmental assets o
f com
mun
ities and
cou
ntrie
s.
Strategic Goals
1)Th
e more effective integration of disa
ster risk con
siderations into
sustainable de
velopm
ent p
olicies, plann
ing and programming at all
levels, with
a sp
ecial emph
asis on
disa
ster prevention, m
itigatio
n,
prep
ared
ness and
vulne
rability redu
ction;
2)Th
e de
velopm
ent a
nd strengthen
ing of institu
tions, m
echanism
s and
capacitie
s at a
ll levels, in particular at the
com
mun
ity level, that can
system
atically co
ntrib
ute to building resilience to hazards;
3)Th
e system
atic incorporation of risk re
duction approaches into th
e de
sign and im
plem
entatio
n of emergency prep
ared
ness, respo
nse
and recovery program
s in the reconstructio
n of affe
cted
com
mun
ities.
AP - 319
2
1. BAC
KGRO
UND
Priorities for Action
1)Ensure th
at disa
ster risk re
duction is a natio
nal and
a local prio
rity
with
a strong
institu
tional basis for implem
entatio
n;
2)Iden
tify, assess a
nd mon
itor d
isaster risks a
nd enh
ance early warning;
3)Use kno
wledge, inno
vatio
n and ed
ucation to build a culture of safety
and resilience at all levels;
4)Re
duce th
e un
derly
ing risk factors; and
5)Strengthen
disa
ster pr eparedn
ess for effe
ctive respon
se at a
ll levels. 5
2. OUTLINE OF ZERO
DRA
FT
Expe
cted
Outcome
Goal
Priorities for Action
Priority 2
Priority 2
Priority 1
Priority 1
Priority 4
Priority 4
Priority 3
Priority 3
Role of Stakeho
lders
International Coo
peratio
n and Global Partnership
6
Draft versio
n of Post‐2015
Framew
ork for D
RR, “Zero‐Draft”, is prep
ared
.
Expected Outcome
Th
esubstantialred
uctio
nof
disaster
losses,inlives,a
ndin
thesocial,
econ
omic
and
environm
entalassets
ofpe
rson
s,commun
ities
and
coun
tries.
Goal
Thepreventio
nof
disaster
riskcreatio
nand
theredu
ction
ofthe
existing
disaster
risk
through
econ
omic,
social,
cultu
ral
and
environm
entalmeasureswhich
addressexpo
sure
and
vulnerability,
andthus
strengthen
sresilien
ce.
Priorities for Action
Actio
nswill
focuson
locala
ndnatio
nallevelsas
wella
son
region
alandinternationallevels.
Therearefour
prioritiesfor
actio
nas
follows. 7
2. OUTLINE OF ZERO
DRA
FT3. PRIORITIES FOR AC
TION
Priority 1:
Und
erstanding
disa
ster risk
Policiesandpractices
fordisaster
riskmanagem
entshou
ldbe
basedon
anun
derstand
ingof
riskinallitsdimen
sions
ofvulnerability,capacity
and
expo
sure
ofpe
rson
sandassetsandhazardscharacteristics.Thisrequ
ires
anall‐statesandallstakeho
ldersefforton
anu
mberof
areasforactio
n,such
ascollection,
analysisanddissem
inationof
inform
ationanddata,
advancem
entof
research,andthede
velopm
entandsharingof
open
‐source
riskmod
els,
aswellas
continuo
usmon
itorin
gandexchange
ofpractices
andlearning.
8
AP - 320
3
3. PRIORITIES FOR AC
TION
Priority 2:
Strengthen
ing governance and
institu
tions to
manage
disaster risk
Governancecond
ition
sthe
effectiveandefficient
managem
ento
fdisa
ster
riskat
alllevels.
Clearvisio
n,plan,guidance
andcoordinatio
nacross
sectorsandparticipationof
allstakeho
lders,as
approp
riate,are
requ
ired.
Strengthen
ingthegovernance
ofdisaster
riskmanagem
entistherefore
necessary.
9
3. PRIORITIES FOR AC
TION
Priority 3:
Investing in econo
mic, social, cultu
ral and
environm
ental resilien
ce
Investing
inrisk
preventio
nand
redu
ction
through
structural
and
nonstructuralmeasuresis
essentialto
enhancetheecon
omic,social,
cultu
ralresilien
ceof
person
s,commun
ities,cou
ntrie
sandtheirassets
aswell
asthe
environm
ent.
Such
measures
are
cost‐effe
ctive
and
instrumentalto
save
lives
andpreventandredu
celosses.Acontinue
dintegrated
focuson
keydevelopm
entareas,
such
ashe
alth,ed
ucation,
agriculture,water,ecosystem
managem
ent,
housing,
cultu
ralhe
ritage,
publicaw
aren
ess,fin
ancialandrisktransfer
mechanism
s,isrequ
ired.
10
3. PRIORITIES FOR AC
TION
Priority 4:
Enhancing prep
ared
ness fo
r effe
ctive respon
se, and
bu
ilding back better in recovery and
reconstructio
n
Thesteady
grow
thof
disaster
risk,
includ
ingtheincrease
ofpe
ople
and
assetsexpo
sure,com
bine
dwith
thelearning
from
pastdisasters,indicate
thene
edto
furthe
rstrengthen
prep
ared
ness
forrespon
seat
alllevels.
Disastershave
demon
stratedthat
therecovery
and
reconstructio
nph
ase
need
sto
beplanne
daheadof
thedisaster
andiscriticaltobu
ildingback
better
andmakingnatio
nsandcommun
ities
moreresilient
todisasters. 11
4. ROLE OF STAK
EHOLD
ERS
12
Stakeh
olde
rsplay
acriticalroleas
enablersinprovidingsupp
orttoStates,
inaccordance
with
natio
nalpo
licies,
inthe
implem
entatio
nof
this
fram
ework
atlocal,
natio
nal,
region
aland
glob
allevels.
Their
commitm
ent,
good
will,know
ledge,
expe
rience
and
resourceswill
berequ
ired.
AP - 321
4
5. IN
TERN
ATIONAL
COOPERA
TION AND GLO
BAL PA
RTNER
SHIP
13
Disaster‐prone
developing
coun
tries,
inparticular
least
develope
dcoun
tries,
smallisland
developing
States,and
land
locked
developing
coun
tries,andAfrica,
warrant
particular
attentionin
view
oftheirhigher
vulnerability
andrisklevels,
which
oftengreatly
exceed
theircapacity
torespon
dto
and
recoverfrom
disasters.
Such
vulnerability
urgently
requ
iresthe
strengthen
ingof
internationalcoop
eration
and
ensurin
ggenu
ineanddu
rablepartne
rships
attheregion
alandinternationallevels
inorde
rto
supp
ortd
evelop
ingcoun
triesto
implem
entthisfram
eworkin
accordance
with
theirn
ationalprio
ritiesa
ndne
eds.
14
Tobe
continue
don
Dr.Baba’sp
resentation!
AP - 322
Appendix 3-2
JICA’s contributions to HFA and Post-HFA
AP - 323
AP - 324
JapanInternational CooperationAgency
Post-2015 Framework of UNISDR for DRRand JICA’s contribution
Dr. Hitoshi BABA
Ph.D. Environment and Resource Engineering
Senior Advisor, Japan International Cooperation Agency
email: [email protected]
JapanInternational CooperationAgency
Role of Stakeholders
Summery of the HFA22015-2025
To be adopted at World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (Sendai, 2015)
Expected outcome
The substantial reduction of disaster losses, in lives, and in the social, economic and environmental assets of persons, communities and countries.
Goal
The prevention of disaster risk creation and the reduction of the existing disaster risk through economic, social, cultural and environmental measures which address exposure and vulnerability, and thus strengthens resilience.
Priorities for Action
Priority 1: Understanding disaster
risk
Priority 2: Strengthening
governance and institutions to manage
disaster risk
Priority 3: Investing in economic,
social, cultural and environmental
resilience
Priority 4: Enhancing preparedness for
effective response, and building back better in
recovery and reconstruction
Business, professional associations, private sector financial institutions and
philanthropic foundations
Academia and
research
Social groups, volunteers, and civil society and faith-based organizations, in particular:
children, women, persons with disabilities, older persons and indigenous peoples
Media
International cooperation and global partnershipAP - 325
JapanInternational CooperationAgencySummery of the previous
Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005-2015
Adopted at World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (Hyogo, 2005)
The integration of disaster risk reduction into sustainable development policies and planning
Development and strengthening of institutions, mechanism and capacities to build resilience to hazards
The systematic incorporation of risk reduction approaches into the implementation of emergency preparedness, response and recovery
1. Ensure that DRR is a national and a local priority with a strong institutional basis for implementation
2. Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning
3. Use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and resilience at all levels
4. Reduce the underlying risk factors
5. Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels
Three Strategic Goals:
Five Priorities for Action:
JapanInternational CooperationAgency
JICA’s contribution
Investment of JICA’s DRR assistance for PA1 to PA5 of HFA, directed particular in “PA 4: Reduce Risk Factors”
Aiming to end “vicious cycle of poverty and disaster” then generate sustainable development by DRR
AP - 326
JapanInternational CooperationAgencyJICA’s Development Strategic Goals focusing on
Disaster Risk Reduction
Risk Identification
Goal for Supporting DRMDeparture from repeated poverty cycle caused by disaster
Achievement of sustainable development by disaster risk reduction
Strategic Target 1: Establishment and strengthening of disaster management system
Strategic Target 2：Correct
understanding of disaster risk and promotion of common
understanding
Strategic Target 4:Speedy and effective
preparation and response
(emergency measures)
Strategic Target 5: Seamless
recovery and reconstruction for disaster‐resilient
society
Strategic Target 3：Implementation of risk reduction measures for sustainable development
PreventionMitigation
PreparednessResponse
RecoveryReconstruction
JapanInternational CooperationAgency
From vicious cycle of disaster and povertyto positive cycle of resilient development
by balanced investment of DRM
Prevention
Mitigation
Preparedness
Response
Recovery
Reinforcement(RetrofittingReconstruction)
Disaster RiskManagement
Cycle
AP - 327
JapanInternational CooperationAgency
Disaster Risk Management Investment
International Disaster FinancingUS$91.2 billion
3.6%Disaster Preventionand Preparedness
24.8%Reconstruction andRehabilitation
69.9%Emergency Response
Between 1980 and 2009 Source: GFDRR
JapanInternational CooperationAgency
Our mission
1. Investment for DRR Benefit analysis of DRR Planned investment for DRR
2. Build Back Better Reinforcement for resilient society
3. Mainstreaming DRR: into all development interventions Contributing in discussions on mainstreaming DRR Conducting Disaster Risk Assessment in all projects
4. Seamless Approach Linking emergency assistance and development Comprehensive cooperation: Effective combination of structural
and non-structural measures, approaching all layers, multi-sector. 5. Response for New Needs
Stand-by Emergency Credit for Urgent Recovery Area Business Continuity Plan (BCP) and Area Business Continuity
Management (BCM) Strengthening Economic Resilience, by introducing the Area BCM Space technology, flood modeling technology, Urban Resilience,
Climate Change Adaptation
AP - 328
Appendix 3-3
Establishing fundamentals for improved flood prevention
and mitigation through Integrated Water resource
Management and Integrated Flood Management as a
systematic process in Mozambique
AP - 329
AP - 330
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Est
abli
shin
gfu
ndam
enta
ls f
or im
prov
ed f
lood
pre
vent
ion
and
mit
igat
ion
thro
ugh
Inte
grat
ed W
ater
res
ourc
e M
anag
emen
t (I
WR
M)
and
Inte
grat
ed F
lood
Man
agem
ent (
IFM
) as
a
syst
emat
ic p
roce
ss in
Moz
ambi
que
Dr.
Hit
oshi
BA
BA
Ph.
D. E
nvir
onm
ent a
nd R
esou
rce
Eng
inee
ring
Sen
ior A
dvis
or, J
apan
Int
erna
tion
al C
oope
rati
on A
genc
y
emai
l:B
aba.
Hit
oshi
@ji
ca.g
o.jp
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
In o
rder
to im
prov
e fl
ood
prev
enti
on a
nd m
itig
atio
n ca
paci
ty it
is n
eede
d to
est
abli
shfu
ndam
enta
l sys
tem
of
Dis
aste
r R
isk
Man
agem
ent w
ith
cons
tant
co
nsid
erat
ion
of;
1.C
urre
nt c
apac
ity
and
futu
re d
irec
tion
2.A
ffir
min
g co
ncep
t of
IWR
M a
nd I
FM
3.P
roce
ss o
f D
isas
ter
Ris
k M
anag
emen
t
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
1.C
urre
nt c
apac
ity
and
futu
re d
irec
tion
2.A
ffir
min
g co
ncep
t of
IWR
M a
nd I
FM
3.P
roce
ss o
f D
isas
ter
Ris
k M
anag
emen
t
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Cur
rent
Cap
acit
y of
Flo
od M
anag
emen
t in
Moz
ambi
que
“Res
pond
ing
to C
lim
ate
Cha
nge
in M
ozam
biqu
e,
Syn
thes
is R
epor
t. O
ctob
er 2
012”
1.U
pper
cat
chm
ents
are
str
ongl
y de
teri
orat
ing,
pro
mot
ing
incr
ease
d ru
n-of
f an
d m
ore
peak
y fl
oods
2.O
pera
tion
al r
ules
for
larg
e da
ms
are
not t
arge
ted
at f
lood
ret
enti
on w
ith
low
ope
rati
onal
leve
ls
but r
athe
r at
mai
ntai
ning
hig
h su
pply
leve
ls
3.S
mal
l dam
s an
d w
eirs
alo
ng th
e tr
ibut
arie
s ar
e no
t num
erou
s en
ough
and
are
too
smal
l to
play
a
sign
ific
ant r
ole
in f
lood
ret
enti
on
4.N
o la
nd d
evel
opm
ent p
olic
ies
that
wou
ld p
reve
nt s
ettl
ing
and
cons
truc
tion
in f
lood
-pro
ne
area
s ar
e in
pla
ce o
r en
forc
ed.
5.T
he d
ata
and
mon
itor
ing
situ
atio
n at
the
loca
l lev
el is
not
suf
fici
ent t
o co
nduc
t det
aile
d fl
ood
risk
ass
essm
ents
and
gai
n th
orou
gh in
form
atio
n on
loca
l flo
od c
ondi
tion
s.
6.N
eith
er is
a m
akin
g-ro
om-f
or-w
ater
con
cept
wit
h ho
list
ic a
ppro
ache
s fo
llow
ed n
or is
the
rete
ntio
n fu
ncti
on o
f th
e fl
oodp
lain
s fo
r ba
sin-
wid
e fl
ood
prev
enti
on m
aint
aine
d; p
refe
renc
e is
, in
stea
d, g
iven
to lo
cal a
ppro
ache
s.
7.S
truc
tura
l def
ense
s ar
e m
ostl
y no
t in
plac
e (t
hese
wou
ld li
kely
be
reco
mm
enda
ble
for
only
a
few
key
loca
tion
s)
8.M
onit
orin
g an
d ea
rly-
war
ning
sys
tem
s ar
e no
t suf
fici
entl
y in
pla
ce
9.P
repa
redn
ess
acti
viti
es a
nd a
dapt
atio
n th
roug
h fl
ood-
resi
lien
t con
stru
ctio
n ar
e no
t pro
mot
ed
broa
dly
but a
re, i
nste
ad, c
arri
ed o
ut o
nly
loca
lly
by a
few
non
-gov
ernm
enta
l org
aniz
atio
ns
AP - 331
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Roa
d M
ap I
nter
vent
ions
for
Int
egra
ted
Lan
d an
d W
ater
Man
agem
ent,
“Fin
al R
epor
t, F
lood
Mit
igat
ion
Mis
sion
Tea
m, T
he
Net
herl
ands
. Map
uto,
15
June
201
3”
a.A
gree
on
stra
tegy
of
rele
vant
par
ties
(IN
GC
, MIC
OA
, ZV
DA
) to
avo
id o
verl
ap
wit
h m
anda
tes
of o
ther
inst
itut
ions
(D
NA
, AR
As,
Agr
icul
ture
, Fis
heri
es);
b.A
gree
on
poli
cies
to im
prov
e cu
ltur
e of
dat
a sh
arin
g be
twee
n re
leva
nt in
stit
utio
ns
and
stak
ehol
ders
and
pro
vide
this
info
rmat
ion
free
to s
tim
ulat
e ec
onom
ic
deve
lopm
ent;
c.F
orm
aliz
e po
siti
on D
NA
in M
SP
/SE
A im
plem
enta
tion
and
incl
ude
IWR
M a
s cr
oss-
cutt
ing
elem
ent;
d.A
gree
on
proc
edur
es a
nd g
uide
line
s to
str
engt
hen
coop
erat
ion
betw
een
diff
eren
t st
akeh
olde
rs (
exam
ple:
urb
an d
rain
age-
mun
icip
alit
ies
and
AIA
S);
e.S
tren
gthe
n th
e pr
oces
s of
incl
udin
g th
e ne
eds
and
requ
irem
ents
fro
m th
e di
stri
cts
in
the
defi
niti
on o
f de
velo
pmen
t pri
orit
ies;
f.Z
VD
A to
dev
elop
a m
eta-
data
info
rmat
ion
syst
em to
fac
ilit
ate
data
exc
hang
e be
twee
n st
akeh
olde
rs a
nd a
void
dup
lica
tion
of
data
col
lect
ion;
g.C
lari
fy r
espo
nsib
ilit
ies
for
oper
atio
n &
mai
nten
ance
of
dike
s.
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Rec
omm
enda
tion
s fr
om J
ICA
bas
e li
ne s
urve
y, 2
015
a.O
n D
RR
(F
lood
Pre
vent
ion
and
Mit
igat
ion)
mea
sure
s;•
“DN
A h
as v
ery
wid
e re
spon
sibi
lity
in w
ater
rel
ated
dis
aste
r m
anag
emen
t tog
ethe
r w
ith
AR
As.
B
ut th
e m
ajor
rol
es d
efin
ed in
the
curr
ent d
isas
ter
man
agem
ent s
yste
m d
o no
t inc
lude
pr
even
tion
/mit
igat
ion
mea
sure
s, w
hich
are
the
mos
t im
port
ant a
nd e
ffic
ient
in d
isas
ter
risk
re
duct
ion
(DR
R)”
.
•D
efin
e fl
ood
risk
are
a to
mak
e sa
fer
land
use
and
res
ilie
nt d
evel
opm
ent
•P
repa
re in
vent
ory
of r
iver
spa
ce, h
ydra
ulic
str
uctu
res,
bri
dges
and
roa
ds ly
ing
in th
e ri
ver
spac
e to
pre
vent
/mit
igat
e fl
ood
disa
ster
•C
onst
ruct
pro
tect
ion
and
take
mea
sure
s fo
r w
ater
fac
ilit
ies
resi
lien
t aga
inst
flo
od
b.O
n F
lood
Res
pons
e;•
Eff
ecti
vely
sha
re h
ydro
logi
cal i
nfor
mat
ion
amon
g al
l rel
evan
t age
ncie
s
•E
nhan
ce b
usin
ess
and
func
tion
con
tinu
ity
of d
isas
ter
man
agem
ent o
rgan
izat
ions
in c
ase
of
disa
ster
•E
nhan
ce f
lood
ear
ly w
arni
ng c
apac
ity
in c
oord
inat
ed o
rgan
izat
iona
l net
wor
ks
•E
mpo
wer
com
mun
ity
base
d di
sast
er m
anag
emen
t cap
acit
y to
mak
e ef
fect
ive
evac
uati
on
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Pro
spec
ted
role
s of
DN
A a
nd A
RA
s in
Flo
od
Dis
aste
r P
RE
VE
NT
ION
and
MIT
IGA
TIO
N
DNA
ARAs
Structural
•Planning, construction and im
provement of flood
prevention facilities
•Construction, improvement and reh
abilitation of
dam
(large), barrage, sluice, etc.
•Oversee
construction and im
provement of flood
forecasting and warning system
•Oversee
construction of rain water storage
facilities to red
uce flood runoff (future task)
•Oversee
improvement of hydrological observation
system
(rain and water level gauges)
•Administrate resilient development plans n actions
•Planning, construction and im
provement of
dykes
•Construction, improvement and reh
abilitation
of dam
(sm
all), barrage, sluice, etc.
•Oversee
construction and im
provemen
t of flood
forecasting and warning system
•Construction of rain water storage facilities to
reduce flood runoff (future task)
•Im
provement of hydrological observation
system
(rain and water level gauges)
Non‐
structural
•Support for form
ulation of flood m
anagem
ent
plan
•Support for planning and design of flood
managem
ent facilities
•Collect flood inform
ation of international rivers
from neighboring countries
•Operation and m
aintenance of dam
s and
barrages for water resources m
anagem
ent.
•Organizing managem
ent committee of
stakeh
olders of river basin (incl. international
river basin)
•Upgrading flood forecasting model
•Pr eparation of project proposals for donor
agen
cies to construct and im
prove flood
managem
ent facilities
•Form
ulation of flood m
anagem
ent plan
•Planning and design of flood m
anagem
ent
facilities
•Collect flood inform
ation of international rivers
from neighboring countries
•Operation and m
aintenance of dam
s and
barrages for water resources m
anagem
ent.
•Organizing managem
ent committee of
sta keh
olders of river basin (incl. international
river basin)
•Upgrading flood forecasting model
•Pr eparation of project proposals for donor
agen
cies to construct and im
prove flood
managem
ent facilities
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Dis
cuss
ion
•C
an y
ou a
ckno
wle
dge
the
eval
uati
ons
and
reco
mm
enda
tion
s po
inte
d ou
t?
•W
hat a
re th
e st
eps
to ta
ke?
•W
ho w
ill d
o w
hat?
AP - 332
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
1.C
urre
nt c
apac
ity
and
futu
re d
irec
tion
2.A
ffir
min
g co
ncep
t of
IWR
M a
nd I
FM
3.P
roce
ss o
f D
isas
ter
Ris
k M
anag
emen
t
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
•IW
RM
is th
e pr
oces
s to
pro
mot
e co
ordi
nate
d de
velo
pmen
t and
m
anag
emen
t of
wat
er, l
and
and
rela
ted
reso
urce
s in
riv
er b
asin
s, to
m
axim
ize
the
econ
omic
ben
efit
s an
d so
cial
wel
fare
in a
n eq
uita
ble
man
ner
wit
hout
com
prom
isin
g th
e su
stai
nabi
lity
of
vita
l eco
syst
ems.
•In
tegr
atio
n of
Wat
er R
esou
rces
Man
agem
ent a
t Riv
er B
asin
Sca
le, i
n–
Spa
tial
Int
egra
tion
: Geo
grap
hica
l /E
nvir
onm
enta
l int
erac
tion
W
ater
use
and
Flo
od p
rote
ctio
n in
con
side
rati
on o
f co
rrel
atio
n be
twee
n up
stre
am a
nd
dow
nstr
eam
, ben
efic
ial a
reas
of
rive
r ri
ght a
nd le
ft, i
mpa
ct b
etw
een
mai
n st
ream
and
tr
ibut
arie
s
–S
ecto
r In
tegr
atio
n: O
ne A
dmin
istr
atio
n
D
isas
ter
prev
enti
on, W
ater
use
, Env
iron
men
tal p
rote
ctio
n, I
ndus
try,
For
estr
y, e
tc.
–S
take
hold
er I
nteg
rati
on: O
ptim
ized
Ben
efit
G
over
nmen
t at n
atio
nal a
nd lo
cal,
Wat
er u
sers
, Pri
vate
and
pub
lic
orga
niza
tion
s,
Com
mun
itie
s, I
ndiv
idua
ls, e
tc.
Con
cept
of
Inte
grat
ed W
ater
Res
ourc
e M
anag
emen
t
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Wat
er,
•M
ovin
g in
the
glob
e, r
e-ci
rcul
atin
g et
erna
lly
•R
esou
rcef
ul w
hen
it f
low
s, n
ot in
sto
ck•
Sus
tain
able
flo
w, t
o su
stai
nabl
e us
e•
Loc
al r
esou
rce,
mal
dist
ribu
ted,
flu
ctua
ting
•T
he u
se o
f w
ater
can
take
the
othe
r pe
ople
's o
ppor
tuni
ty to
use
by
mea
ns o
f qu
anti
ty a
nd q
uali
ty•
Lac
k of
wat
er, n
ot b
y en
viro
nmen
t nor
cli
mat
e, b
ut m
ostl
y be
caus
e of
soc
ial d
iscr
epan
cy, u
neve
n re
sour
ce m
anag
emen
t and
pov
erty
Inte
grat
ed W
ater
Res
ourc
e M
anag
emen
tJapan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Pri
ncip
les
in I
WR
M
1.To
und
erst
and
soci
ety,
his
tory
, & c
ultu
re2.
To r
espe
ct a
nd to
hel
p ot
her
wat
er u
sers
3.To
pro
mot
e pu
blic
wel
fare
4.To
man
age
wat
er r
esou
rces
bas
ed o
n sc
ienc
e an
d te
chno
logy
5.To
con
side
r en
viro
nmen
tal f
unct
ion
of w
ater
6.To
str
engt
hen
gove
rnm
ent c
apac
ity7.
To in
tegr
ate
floo
d m
anag
emen
t int
o w
ater
res
ourc
es m
anag
emen
t
Inte
grat
ed W
ater
Res
ourc
e M
anag
emen
t
AP - 333
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
The
Riv
er L
aw,
-Leg
al F
ram
ewor
k fo
r R
iver
and
Wat
er M
anag
emen
t in
Japa
n-
•S
ome
subj
ects
und
er r
iver
adm
inis
trat
ion
by th
e L
aw–
Riv
er W
orks
•T
he f
unda
men
tal r
iver
man
agem
ent p
olic
y
•T
he r
iver
impr
ovem
ent p
lan
–R
egul
atio
n an
d R
estr
ictio
ns f
or R
iver
and
Riv
er U
se
•R
iver
wat
er u
se
•O
ccup
ancy
in r
iver
zon
e, s
truc
ture
s, e
tc.
•E
xtra
ctin
g ea
rth,
sto
ne, e
tc.
–E
mer
genc
ies
•F
lood
and
sed
imen
t dis
aste
r m
anag
emen
t
–R
iver
cou
ncil
s
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Inte
grat
ed F
lood
Man
agem
ent
•M
ost i
mpo
rtan
t com
pone
nt o
f IW
RM
•IF
M r
equi
res:
–C
lear
and
Obj
ecti
ve P
olic
ies
Sup
port
ed w
ith
Leg
isla
tion
and
Reg
ulat
ions
–T
he N
eed
for
a B
asin
App
roac
h–
Inst
itutio
nal S
truc
ture
thro
ugh
App
ropr
iate
Lin
kage
–C
omm
unit
y-B
ased
Ins
titu
tions
–M
ulti
disc
ipli
nary
app
roac
h–
Ada
ptiv
e m
anag
emen
t–
Info
rmat
ion
Man
agem
ent a
nd E
xcha
nge
–A
ppro
pria
te E
cono
mic
Ins
trum
ents
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Bas
ic P
roje
ct C
ompo
nent
sfo
r In
tegr
ated
Flo
od M
anag
emen
t
•IW
RM
–B
asin
sca
le m
anag
emen
t–
Sec
tor
wid
e in
tegr
atio
n–
Invo
lvem
ent o
f al
l sta
keho
lder
s•
Str
uctu
ral I
FM
mea
sure
s–
Riv
er s
truc
ture
s fo
r fl
ood
cont
rol
–F
lood
wat
er r
eten
tion
and
infi
ltra
tion
–F
lood
pro
ofin
g•
Non
-str
uctu
ral m
easu
res
–E
WE
Sys
tem
–L
and
Use
Reg
ulat
ion
–C
omm
unit
y-B
ased
Dis
aste
r M
anag
emen
t•
Cap
acit
y D
evel
opm
ent
•M
onit
orin
g, O
/M•
Pov
erty
all
evia
tion
and
con
side
rati
on o
n vu
lner
able
gr
oup,
gen
der
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
5.Flood M
anagement planning through
reviewing existing master plans an
d
integrating non‐structural as well as structural m
easures
Inte
grat
ed F
lood
Man
agem
ent P
lann
ing
4.Flood Risk assessment
8.Initial environmen
tal evaluation
3.Evaluation of current disaster mitigation m
easures
7.Form
ulation of action plan
6.Selection of priority areas and projects
2. Examination on characteristic of vulnerability and hazard
1. C
ollection, review and analysis of data an
d inform
ation
AP - 334
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
5.P
roject im
plementation in
the target basin
EW
E S
yste
m in
stal
lati
on
4.D
esigning of EW
E system
8.Form
ulation of action plan
3.C
oncept of EW
E system
7.Support CBDM activities an
d evacuation drills
6.Support to estab
lishing flood EWE system in
Rivers
2. Institution, law
, and regulation survey
1. C
ollection, review &
analysis of data & inform
ation
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Gen
eral
Flo
od D
RM
pro
cess
1.U
nder
stan
ding
Flo
od
Haz
ard
1.Ty
pe a
nd c
ause
2.P
roba
bili
ty3.
Flo
od h
azar
d as
sess
men
t
2.U
nder
stan
ding
Flo
od
Impa
ct1.
Dir
ect i
mpa
ct2.
Indi
rect
impa
ct3.
Vul
nera
bili
ty a
nd R
isk
asse
ssm
ent
5.E
valu
atin
g al
tern
ativ
e ri
sk
redu
ctio
n op
tion
s1.
Eva
luat
ing
cost
and
ben
efit
2.D
efin
ing
“tar
get p
rote
ctio
nle
vel”
•A
ccep
tanc
e of
ris
k ‘A
s L
ow A
s R
easo
nabl
y P
ract
ical
’ pri
ncip
le•
Opp
ortu
nity
cos
t•
The
val
ue o
f a
life
•D
eman
ds o
f in
sura
bili
ty•
Ben
chm
arki
ng a
nd r
egio
nal
cros
s-co
oper
atio
n•
Dec
isio
ns u
nder
unc
erta
inty
•N
o re
gret
sol
utio
ns•
Fle
xibl
e so
luti
ons
•D
ecis
ion
Tre
es
6.Im
plem
enti
ng a
nd m
anag
ing
1.Im
plem
enta
tion
2.S
usta
inab
le m
aint
enan
ce3.
Com
mun
ity
enga
gem
ent
7.R
evie
win
g an
d im
prov
ing
the
man
agem
ent s
yste
m1.
Ben
chm
arki
ng a
nd m
onit
orin
g2.
Rev
iew
ing
and
impr
ovin
g
3.C
onsi
deri
ng s
truc
tura
l opt
ions
1.C
onve
yanc
e2.
Flo
od s
tora
ge3.
Dra
inag
e sy
stem
s4.
Infi
ltra
tion
5.W
etla
nd a
nd e
nvir
onm
enta
l bu
ffer
s6.
Flo
od p
roof
ing,
re
sili
ence
/res
ista
nce
7.F
lood
def
ense
4.C
onsi
deri
ng n
on-s
truc
tura
l op
tion
s1.
Flo
od z
onin
g, la
nd u
se p
lann
ing
2.F
lood
aw
aren
ess
cam
paig
ns3.
Hea
lth
awar
enes
s4.
Sol
id a
nd li
quid
was
te
man
agem
ent
5.C
omm
unit
y ba
sed
resi
lien
ce
impr
ovem
ent
6.F
lood
insu
ranc
e7.
Ear
ly w
arni
ng8.
Eva
cuat
ion
9.E
mer
genc
y re
spon
se10
.Flo
od r
ecov
ery
and
reco
nstr
ucti
on
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
In‐stream M
easures
Inform
ation M
easures
Channel Norm
alization
Flood way, D
iversion, Polder
Dam
, Reservoir
Flood Forecasting, EW
Public Response
Watershed
Measures
Storm
Water Retention
Surface Water Infiltration
Land Use Regulation
Flood Proofed Building
Com
preh
ensi
ve F
lood
Con
trol
Mea
sure
s
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Dis
cuss
ion
•To
wha
t ext
ent w
e ha
ve a
chie
ved
the
requ
irem
ents
of
real
IW
RM
and
IF
M?
•W
hat i
s th
e ne
xt p
rior
ity
step
to ta
ke?
•W
ho w
ill d
o w
hat?
AP - 335
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
1.C
urre
nt c
apac
ity
and
futu
re d
irec
tion
2.A
ffir
min
g co
ncep
t of
IWR
M a
nd I
FM
3.P
roce
ss o
f D
isas
ter
Ris
k M
anag
emen
t
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Wha
t is
Dis
aste
r R
isk
Man
agem
ent ?
Prevention
Mitigation
Prepared
ness
Response
Recovery
Reinforcem
ent
(Retrofitting
Reconstruction) DisasterRisk
Managem
ent
Cycle
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
“New
pol
itic
al tr
ends
, ins
pire
d by
the
Arh
us c
onve
ntio
n an
d th
e re
cent
juri
sdic
tion
of
the
EC
cou
rt
of h
uman
rig
hts,
dem
and
mor
e pa
rtic
ipat
ion
of c
ivil
soc
iety
in g
over
nmen
tal d
ecis
ion
proc
esse
s co
ncer
ning
env
iron
men
tal a
nd s
ocia
l age
ndas
.G
over
nmen
tal i
nsti
tuti
ons
in A
ustr
ia d
eali
ng w
ith
risk
or
cata
stro
phe
man
agem
ent (
conc
erni
ng
sedi
men
t-re
late
d di
sast
ers)
hav
e to
take
into
acc
ount
and
fac
e th
ese
new
tren
ds a
nd a
dapt
exi
stin
g pr
oces
ses
and
mea
sure
s to
the
new
req
uire
men
ts.”
(M
aria
Pat
ek M
BA
. Hea
d of
the
Aus
tria
n S
ervi
ce f
or T
orre
nt &
Ava
lanc
he C
ontr
ol. )
Dis
aste
r R
isk
Man
agem
ent C
ycle
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Exa
mpl
es o
f F
lood
rel
ated
act
ivit
ies
in s
tage
s of
DR
MC
Prevention
Mitigation
Prepared
ness
Response
Recovery
Reinforcem
ent
(Retrofitting
Reconstruction) DisasterRisk
Managem
ent
Cycle
Diversion channel
Relocation
Protection Dike
Drainage system
Early Warning
Community DRM
Emergency Operation
Evacuation system
AP - 336
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Unb
alan
ced
inve
stm
ent o
f D
RM
act
ions
in
deve
lopi
ng c
ount
ries
Prevention
Mitigation
Prepared
ness
Response
Recovery
Reinforcem
ent
(Retrofitting
Reconstruction) DisasterRisk
Managem
ent
Cycle
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Dis
aste
rR
isk
Man
agem
ent I
nves
tmen
t
International Disaster Finan
cing
US$91.2 billion
3.6%
Disaster Prevention
and Prepared
ness
24.8%
Reconstruction and
Reh
abilitation
69.9%
Emergency Response
Between1980 and 2009 Source: GFD
RR
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Can
we
shif
t mor
e D
RM
act
ivit
ies
from
Res
pons
e to
Ris
k R
educ
tion
?
Cha
llen
ges
in m
ovin
g fr
om r
eact
ion
to p
reve
ntio
n•
Tech
nica
l dif
ficu
lty
in h
azar
d an
d ri
sk a
sses
smen
t, da
ta p
roce
ssin
g an
d ar
chiv
ing,
DR
M
plan
ning
and
eng
inee
ring
for
ris
k re
duct
ion
acti
viti
es•
Pol
itic
al te
nden
cy to
take
res
pons
ive
acti
ons,
whi
ch a
re c
ivic
pop
ular
and
lead
ing
to v
ote,
ra
ther
than
ris
k re
duct
ion
ones
that
are
tim
e-co
nsum
ing
and
inta
ngib
le•
Inst
itut
iona
l wea
knes
s in
sys
tem
atic
inte
grat
ion
of D
RR
into
dev
elop
men
t pro
cess
es o
f di
ffer
ent s
ecto
rs
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Dis
cuss
ion
•In
whi
ch s
tage
of
DR
MC
you
are
reg
ular
ly c
ontr
ibut
ing
to?
•D
oes
any
stro
ng a
utho
rity
ove
rsee
and
dir
ect t
he b
alan
ced
cond
ucts
of
DR
MC
?
•W
ho w
ill d
o w
hat?
AP - 337
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
1.C
urre
nt c
apac
ity
and
futu
re d
irec
tion
2.A
ffir
min
g co
ncep
t of
IWR
M a
nd I
FM
3.P
roce
ss o
f D
isas
ter
Ris
k M
anag
emen
t
FL
OO
D
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Pro
cess
of
Flo
od D
isas
ter
Ris
k M
anag
emen
t
1.U
nder
stan
d F
lood
Haz
ard
2.U
nder
stan
d F
lood
Im
pact
s
3.D
elib
erat
e M
anag
emen
t Opt
ions
: Str
uctu
ral M
easu
res
4.D
elib
erat
e M
anag
emen
t Opt
ions
:Non
-str
uctu
ral M
easu
res
5.E
valu
ate
and
Det
erm
ine
the
appr
opri
ate
Man
agem
ent O
ptio
ns
6.Im
plem
ent I
nteg
rate
d F
lood
Ris
k M
anag
emen
t
7.R
evie
w a
nd im
prov
e th
e M
anag
emen
t Sys
tem
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Und
erst
andi
ng F
lood
Haz
ard
and
Impa
cts
Flo
od H
azar
d–
Haz
ard
even
ts h
ave
a pr
obab
ilit
y of
occ
urre
nce
wit
hin
a sp
ecif
ied
peri
od w
ithi
n a
give
n ar
ea
and
have
a g
iven
inte
nsit
y.
–F
lood
haz
ard
map
ping
is a
n im
port
ant s
tep
for
1) u
nder
stan
ding
the
prob
able
haz
ard
situ
atio
n,2)
pla
nnin
g de
velo
pmen
t act
ivit
ies,
and
3) s
uppl
emen
tary
dec
isio
n m
akin
g of
rec
over
y/re
cons
truc
tion
and
pre
vent
ion
mea
sure
s in
an
area
.
–F
lood
haz
ard
map
s no
rmal
ly a
re p
repa
red
base
d on
spe
cifi
ed f
lood
fre
quen
cies
or
retu
rn
peri
ods,
for
exa
mpl
e, 1
:10
year
s, 1
:25
year
s, 1
:100
yea
rs, o
r to
mor
e ex
trem
e ev
ents
suc
h as
th
e 1:
1000
yea
r re
turn
per
iod
for
diff
eren
t sca
les
–T
he id
enti
fiab
le f
lood
haz
ards
und
er m
ulti
ple
scen
ario
s (f
lood
rec
urre
nce
inte
rval
) sh
ould
als
o be
con
vert
ed in
to d
igit
aliz
ed d
ata
that
can
be
easi
ly p
ut in
to g
eogr
aphi
c in
form
atio
n sy
stem
s to
dyn
amic
ally
pro
cess
wit
h ot
her
info
rmat
ion
such
as
vuln
erab
ilit
y an
d su
scep
tibi
lity
of
an
area
so
that
the
haza
rd in
form
atio
n is
use
d in
ord
er to
fur
ther
ana
lyze
dis
aste
r ri
sks
and
impa
cts.
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Und
erst
andi
ng F
lood
Haz
ard
and
Impa
cts
Flo
od I
mpa
cts
–D
ynam
ic im
pact
s of
flo
odin
g
•T
he im
pact
s of
flo
odin
g on
a r
ural
agr
icul
tura
l are
a, u
rban
indu
stri
al a
nd c
omm
erci
al a
rea
and
slum
are
a w
ill b
e ve
ry d
iffe
rent
.
•Im
pact
s ar
e al
so c
hang
ing
and
dyna
mic
due
to d
evel
opm
ent i
nclu
ding
urb
aniz
atio
n. F
or
exam
ple
harn
ess
wou
ld b
e tu
rned
into
an
impa
ct f
or f
arm
ers
by tr
ansf
erri
ng th
eir
trad
itio
nal
farm
ing
to m
oder
n fa
rmin
g.
–D
irec
t and
indi
rect
impa
cts
of f
lood
ing
•D
irec
t im
pact
s of
flo
odin
g w
ill b
e im
pose
d on
peo
ple,
the
urba
n an
d ru
ral b
uilt
env
iron
men
t, in
fras
truc
ture
, uti
liti
es, i
ndus
tria
l, co
mm
erci
al a
nd f
amil
y as
sets
, and
far
min
g ar
eas.
•In
dire
ct e
ffec
ts in
clud
e lo
ss o
f in
dust
rial
or
busi
ness
pro
cess
es th
roug
h su
pply
cha
ins,
da
mag
e to
pre
mis
es, e
quip
men
t and
fit
ting
s, lo
ss o
f st
ock,
red
uced
cus
tom
er v
isit
s an
d sa
les
as w
ell a
s di
srup
tion
to b
usin
ess
acti
viti
es.
–O
ther
eff
ects
of
floo
ding
•C
ompl
ex in
tera
ctio
ns w
ithi
n th
e na
tura
l env
iron
men
t and
the
hum
an u
se o
f re
sour
ces.
AP - 338
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Und
erst
andi
ng F
lood
Haz
ard
Def
init
ion
of F
lood
–“A
ny c
ondi
tion
, met
eoro
logi
cal o
r ot
herw
ise
in w
hich
nor
mal
ly d
ry la
nd is
cov
ered
by
stan
ding
or
mov
ing
wat
er.”
(P
acif
ic D
isas
ter
Cen
ter)
–“S
igni
fica
nt r
ise
of w
ater
leve
l in
a st
ream
, lak
e, r
eser
voir
or
coas
tal r
egio
n.”
(EM
-DA
T)
–“A
n ov
erfl
owin
g or
irru
ptio
n of
a g
reat
bod
y of
wat
er o
ver
land
in a
bui
lt u
p ar
ea n
ot u
sual
ly
subm
erge
d.”
(Oxf
ord
Eng
lish
Dic
tion
ary)
–“A
gre
at f
low
ing
or o
verf
low
ing
of w
ater
, esp
ecia
lly
over
land
not
usu
ally
sub
mer
ged,
or
any
grea
t ou
tpou
ring
of
stre
am.”
(T
he R
ando
m H
ouse
Dic
tion
ary)
•F
lood
is u
sual
ly r
esul
ted
from
a c
ombi
nati
on o
f m
eteo
rolo
gica
l, hy
drol
ogic
al a
nd
hydr
auli
c ex
trem
es, s
uch
as p
reci
pita
tion
(ra
infa
ll),
infi
ltra
tion
into
the
grou
nd, r
unof
f fr
om g
roun
d su
rfac
e an
d un
derg
roun
d an
d fl
ows
in a
nd/o
r ov
er r
iver
cha
nnel
s, la
kes,
po
nds,
gro
und
surf
ace,
etc
. •
Flo
od c
an a
lso
impa
cted
fro
m h
uman
act
ivit
ies
such
as
unpl
anne
d gr
owth
and
de
velo
pmen
t in
floo
d pl
ains
, or
from
the
brea
ch o
f da
ms,
mis
s op
erat
ion
of r
eser
voir
op
erat
ion
or o
vert
oppi
ng o
f an
em
bank
men
t tha
t fai
ls to
pro
tect
pla
nned
dev
elop
men
t.
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Und
erst
andi
ng F
lood
Haz
ard
Type
s an
d C
ause
s of
Flo
odin
g
Sou
rce:
Cit
ies
and
Flo
odin
g 20
12, p
p. 5
6-57
Types of
flooding
Cau
ses
Onset time
Duration
Naturally occurring
Human
induced
Urban
flood
Fluvial
Coastal
Flash
Pluvial
Groundwater
Saturation of drainage and sew
age
capacity
Lack of permeability due to increased
concretization
Faulty drainage system and lack of
management
Varies
dep
ending
on
the cause
From few
hours to
Days
Pluvial and
overland flood
Convective thunderstorm
s, severe
rainfall, breakage of ice jam, glacial lake
burst, earthquakes resulting in
Landslides
Land used changes, urbanization.
Increase in
surface runoff
Varies
Varies dep
ending
uponprior
conditions
Coastal
(Tsunam
i,storm
surge)
Earthquakes
Submarine volcanic eruptions
Subsiden
ce, Coastal erosion
Development of coastal zones
Destruction of coastal natural flora
(e.g., m
angrove)
Varies but
usually
fairly Rapid
Usually a short
time however
Sometim
es takes a
long time to recede
Groundwater
High water table level combined with
heavy rainfall Em
bed
ded
Effect
Development in low‐lying areas;
interferen
ce with natural aquifers
Usually
slow
Longer duration
Flash flood
Can
be caused by river, pluvial or
coastal systems; convective
thunderstorm
s; GLO
Fs
Catastrophic failure of water retaining
structures Inadeq
uate drainage
Infrastructure
Rapid
Usually short often
just a few
Hours
Semi‐
permanen
tFlooding
Sea level rise, land subsiden
ceDrainage overload, failure of system
s,
inappropriate urban
development,
Poor groundwater M
anagem
ent
Usually
slow
Long duration or
permanent
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Und
erst
andi
ng F
lood
Haz
ard
Pro
babi
lity
of
Flo
od H
azar
d–
A s
ound
und
erst
andi
ng o
f th
e li
keli
hood
of
occu
rren
ce o
f a
floo
d ha
zard
is a
fun
dam
enta
l ste
p in
dea
ling
wit
h fl
ood
risk
.
–T
he P
roba
bili
ty in
itse
lf c
an b
e a
diff
icul
t con
cept
to tr
ansl
ate
from
the
pure
ly s
cien
tifi
c ge
nera
tion
of
hydr
o-m
eteo
rolo
gica
l mod
els
into
a d
escr
ipti
on o
f ha
zard
that
lay
peop
le o
ften
co
mpr
ehen
d an
d de
cisi
on m
aker
s ca
n us
e it
to e
valu
ate
thei
r re
al o
ptio
ns.
–To
ful
ly e
valu
ate
floo
d ri
sk, t
he d
egre
e of
exp
osur
e an
d th
e na
ture
of
expo
sed
rece
ptor
s an
d th
eir
pote
ntia
l to
sust
ain
or r
esis
t dam
age
also
nee
d to
be
cons
ider
ed.
–It
is im
port
ant t
o di
stin
guis
h be
twee
n th
e pr
obab
ilit
y of
occ
urre
nce
of a
wea
ther
eve
nt a
nd th
e pr
obab
ilit
y of
occ
urre
nce
of a
flo
od e
vent
. Flo
odin
g is
pri
mar
ily
driv
en b
y w
eath
er e
vent
s w
hich
are
har
d to
pre
dict
due
to w
hat i
s te
rmed
thei
r ch
aoti
c na
ture
. In
othe
r w
ords
, des
pite
th
e gr
eat a
dvan
ces
in w
eath
er f
orec
asti
ng, i
t can
not b
e de
term
ined
wit
h ce
rtai
nty
whe
n an
d w
here
rai
n w
ill f
all o
r st
orm
s w
ill f
orm
. Thi
s m
eans
that
it is
impo
ssib
le to
kno
w e
xact
ly w
hen
and
whe
re a
flo
od w
ill o
ccur
in th
e fu
ture
, nor
how
hig
h (e
ithe
r in
wat
er le
vel o
r di
scha
rge)
th
e ne
xt f
lood
wil
l be.
Haz
ard
pred
icti
ons
are
com
mon
ly g
iven
in te
rms
of p
roba
bili
ties
, co
mpu
ted
usin
g hi
stor
ical
dat
a fo
r th
e ar
ea o
f in
tere
st.
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Und
erst
andi
ng F
lood
Haz
ard
Pro
babi
lity
of
Flo
od H
azar
d–
Rec
urre
nce
inte
rval
•T
he r
ecur
renc
e in
terv
al o
r re
turn
per
iod
is d
efin
ed a
s th
e av
erag
eti
me
betw
een
even
ts o
f a
give
n m
agni
tude
ass
umin
g th
at d
iffe
rent
eve
nts
are
rand
om.
–F
lood
Pro
babi
lity
•T
he p
roba
bili
ty o
f oc
curr
ence
is th
e in
vers
e of
the
retu
rn p
erio
d p=
1/T
•R
elat
ions
hip
betw
een
retu
rn p
erio
d T
and
flo
od p
roba
bili
ty P
, it i
s cl
ear
that
a f
lood
di
scha
rge
that
has
a 1
00-y
ear
recu
rren
ce in
terv
al h
as a
one
per
cent
cha
nce
of o
ccur
ring
–D
isch
arge
, Sta
ge a
nd I
nund
atio
n ar
ea•
are
com
mon
ly u
sed
to d
escr
ibe
the
seve
rity
of
a fl
ood
•T
he r
elat
ions
hip
betw
een
disc
harg
e an
d st
age
at a
par
ticu
lar
loca
tion
is e
mpi
rica
l and
usu
ally
re
pres
ente
d gr
aphi
call
y by
a r
atin
g cu
rve
(non
-lin
ear)
.•
Onc
e st
age
is k
now
n, th
e ne
xt s
tep
is to
det
erm
ine
the
corr
espo
ndin
g in
unda
tion
are
a. T
his
is
not s
trai
ghtf
orw
ard
but w
e ha
ve a
goo
d to
ols
usin
g la
test
tech
nolo
gy.
0
20
40
60
80
100
1966
1968
1970
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
Magnitude
AP - 339
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Und
erst
andi
ng F
lood
Haz
ard
Pro
babi
lity
of
Flo
od H
azar
d–
Pre
dict
ion
of w
eath
er e
vent
and
flo
od e
vent
in te
rms
of p
roba
bili
ty•
Haz
ard
pred
icti
ons
are
com
mon
ly g
iven
in te
rms
of p
roba
bili
ties
, com
pute
d us
ing
hist
oric
al
data
for
the
area
of
inte
rest
.–
Unc
erta
inti
es in
volv
ed in
rec
urre
nce
inte
rval
•T
he r
ecur
renc
e in
terv
al o
r re
turn
per
iod
of f
lood
s of
dif
fere
nt h
eigh
ts v
arie
s fr
om c
atch
men
t to
cat
chm
ent,
depe
ndin
g on
var
ious
fac
tors
suc
h as
the
clim
ate
of th
e re
gion
, the
wid
th o
f th
e fl
oodp
lain
and
the
size
of
the
chan
nel.
•S
carc
e re
cord
of
hydr
olog
ical
dat
a po
ses
a li
mit
atio
n to
the
calc
ulat
ion
of r
ecur
renc
e in
terv
als
whi
ch m
ust b
e ta
ken
into
acc
ount
whe
n ev
alua
ting
and
com
mun
icat
ing
unce
rtai
ntie
s in
flo
od p
roba
bili
ty e
stim
atio
ns.
–U
ncer
tain
ties
invo
lved
in f
lood
pro
vabi
lity
est
imat
ions
•R
ecur
renc
e in
terv
al f
or a
ny d
isch
arge
(an
d no
t jus
t tho
se p
rese
nt in
the
obse
rvat
iona
l rec
ord)
ca
n be
infe
rred
. In
shor
t var
ious
unc
erta
inti
es a
re in
volv
ed in
flo
od p
rova
bili
ty e
stim
atio
ns.
–D
iffe
renc
e of
rec
urre
nce
inte
rval
and
flo
od p
roba
bili
ty•
The
rec
urre
nce
inte
rval
, as
disc
usse
d ab
ove,
ref
ers
to th
e pa
st o
ccur
renc
e of
flo
ods,
whi
lst
floo
d pr
obab
ilit
y re
fers
to th
e fu
ture
like
liho
od o
f ev
ents
.
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Ass
essm
ent o
f F
lood
Haz
ard
•B
asic
Con
diti
ons
of F
lood
Haz
ard
Iden
tifi
cati
on–
Out
put o
f th
e fl
ood
haza
rd id
enti
fica
tion
sho
uld
be d
ispl
ayed
on
any
Geo
grap
hic
Info
rmat
ion
Sys
tem
(G
IS)
or o
n pr
inte
d m
aps.
–T
he f
lood
haz
ard
info
rmat
ion,
iden
tify
ing
inun
dati
on r
isk
area
s, s
houl
d be
des
igna
ted
by th
e re
leva
nt, n
atio
nal,
stat
e or
pro
vinc
ial g
over
nmen
t in
acco
rdan
ce w
ith
the
disa
ster
man
agem
ent
law
and
then
not
ifie
d to
the
mun
icip
al g
over
nmen
ts c
once
rned
.–
If a
n in
unda
tion
ris
k ar
ea li
es a
cros
s m
ulti
ple
mun
icip
alit
ies,
the
mun
icip
al g
over
nmen
ts
conc
erne
d m
ay n
eed
to jo
intl
y co
nduc
t flo
od h
azar
d id
enti
fica
tion
and
map
ping
wit
h re
lati
ng
mun
icip
alit
ies
in a
wid
e ar
ea.
–E
vacu
atio
n si
tes
and
rout
es f
or in
stan
ce, i
n ad
diti
on to
the
info
rmat
ion
of in
unda
tion
ris
k ar
eas
and
inte
nsit
ies,
can
be
indi
cate
d on
the
haza
rd m
aps
in a
cas
e th
at th
e fl
ood
haza
rd m
aps
are
used
at t
he ti
me
of e
vacu
atio
n.
•F
lood
Haz
ard
Map
ping
Pro
cess
1.D
ata
coll
ecti
on a
nd in
tegr
atio
n fo
r ge
nera
tion
of
digi
tal t
erra
in a
nd s
urfa
ce m
odel
s2.
Cal
cula
tion
of
retu
rn p
erio
d of
flo
odin
g3.
Mod
elin
g fl
ood
scen
ario
s us
ing
1D, 2
D o
r 1D
2D h
ydra
ulic
mod
els
(flo
od m
odel
ing
soft
war
e re
quir
ed)
4.M
odel
res
ult v
alid
atio
n5.
Flo
od m
aps
prep
ared
and
dis
trib
uted
to d
iffe
rent
use
r gr
oups
6.M
onit
orin
g an
d re
gula
r up
dati
ng o
f m
aps
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
2008
2030
50%
64%
Urb
aniz
atio
n ra
te
Fut
ure
Pro
ject
ion
of L
and
Use
in
Cil
liw
ung
Riv
er B
asin
, Jak
arta
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
+49
%
+57
%
Flo
od h
azar
d as
sess
men
t, in
crea
sing
dis
char
ge
AP - 340
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Pro
babi
list
ic F
lood
Haz
ard
Ass
essm
ent
1% probability
flood hazard.
Ciliwung River,
Jakarta.
Simulation
by Dr. BABA
Modeling Software : iRIC +Nais2DFlood
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Ano
ther
exa
mpl
e, f
lood
haz
ard
of 1
/200
pro
babi
lity
in
Tok
yo m
etro
poli
tan
area
, ope
n fo
r pu
blic
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Und
erst
andi
ng F
lood
Im
pact
s
Dir
ect
Imp
act
of F
lood
ing
1.P
eopl
e(l
ife,
hea
lth
and
wel
l-be
ing)
2.B
uild
ings
and
con
tent
s
3.A
nim
als
and
crop
s
4.C
asca
ding
impa
cts
0
2,00
0
4,00
0
6,00
0
1945
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
Dea
ths
by F
lood
rel
ated
dis
aste
rs in
Jap
an
Exam
ple of a dep
th‐dam
age curve for one
story residen
ce with basem
ent.
Source: USA
CE National Economic
Development Manuals
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Und
erst
andi
ng F
lood
Im
pact
s
Pos
t D
isas
ter
Dam
age
Ass
essm
ent
Flo
od lo
ss a
sses
smen
t can
be
carr
ied
out a
t var
ious
poi
nts:
–D
urin
g th
e fl
ood
(thu
s in
form
ing
the
emer
genc
y re
spon
se a
nd r
elie
f co
ordi
nati
on);
–
Imm
edia
te a
fter
mat
h of
a f
lood
(ar
ound
one
to th
ree
wee
ks a
fter
the
floo
d pe
ak);
or
–T
hree
to s
ix m
onth
s af
ter
the
even
t (to
pro
vide
a m
ore
in-d
epth
ass
essm
ent o
f th
e fu
ll
econ
omic
impa
ct)
The
pur
pose
of
Dam
age
Ass
essm
ent a
re:
–to
pro
vide
mit
igat
ion
or w
arni
ng s
yste
ms
prod
uce
a so
und
retu
rn o
n th
e in
vest
men
t;–
to h
ave
a co
mm
on m
easu
ring
tool
for
ass
essi
ng a
lter
nati
ve m
itig
atio
n pl
ans;
and
–
to a
ssis
t wit
h po
st-d
isas
ter
reco
very
pla
nnin
g an
d m
anag
emen
t.
Gen
eral
met
hod
of F
lood
Dam
age
Ass
essm
ent:
1. I
niti
al r
econ
nais
sanc
e su
rvey
2. H
abit
at m
appi
ng3.
Vil
lage
tran
sect
4. P
rope
rty-
leve
l sur
vey
5. P
hoto
grap
hic
docu
men
tati
on6.
Cla
ssif
icat
ion
of b
uild
ings
AP - 341
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Und
erst
andi
ng F
lood
Im
pact
s
Ind
irec
t im
pac
ts a
nd
oth
er e
ffec
ts o
f fl
ood
ing
1.H
uman
and
soc
ial i
mpa
cts
-P
hysi
cal h
ealt
h pr
oble
ms,
out
brea
k of
dis
ease
, epi
dem
ics
-P
sych
olog
ical
eff
ects
, PT
SD
, dep
ress
ion
or a
nxie
ty-
Dem
ogra
phic
cha
nge
(age
str
uctu
re)
may
cau
se f
amil
y di
spla
cem
ent o
r co
mm
unit
y br
eak
2.E
nvir
onm
enta
l Im
pact
s-
Ero
sion
and
land
slid
es c
an c
hang
e lo
cal g
eogr
aphy
, veg
etat
ion
and
fore
st c
over
whi
ch
furt
her
affe
ct e
nvro
nmen
tal f
unct
ions
suc
h as
infi
ltra
tion
to th
e so
il a
nd h
ighe
r le
vels
of
rain
fall
run
off
-S
edim
ent a
nd d
ebri
s m
ay c
hang
e la
nd u
se p
arti
cula
rly
revi
sion
of
agri
cult
ure
prod
ucti
on
3.E
cono
mic
and
fin
anci
al im
pact
s-
Rec
over
y an
d re
cons
truc
tion
cos
t of
dam
aged
or
dest
roye
d it
ems
prev
ents
cou
ntry
’s
grow
ing
econ
omy
from
esc
apin
g po
vert
y (r
efer
the
next
pag
es)
-Im
pact
on
long
-ter
m e
cono
mic
gro
wth
and
on
deve
lopm
ent g
oals
-B
usin
ess
inte
rrup
tion
4.P
olit
ical
and
inst
itut
iona
l iss
ues
-D
amag
e ca
used
to p
ubli
c bu
ildi
ngs
such
as
of c
riti
cal g
over
nmen
t org
aniz
atio
ns, h
ospi
tals
, sc
hool
s, a
nd s
igni
fica
nt c
ultu
ral s
ites
suc
h as
chu
rche
s ca
n le
ad to
fur
ther
indi
rect
impa
cts:
fo
r ex
ampl
e, th
e di
srup
tion
to e
duca
tion
, whi
ch o
ver
a lo
ng te
rm p
erio
d ca
n le
ad to
chi
ldre
n su
ffer
ing
acad
emic
ally
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Tool
to li
nk D
RR
inve
stm
ent t
o S
usta
inab
le
Dev
elop
men
t
Dyn
amic
sto
chas
tic
mac
roec
onom
ic m
odel
of
inco
me
dist
ribu
tion
and
gro
wth
, nam
ed
“DR
2 AD
Mod
el”
that
vis
uali
zes
1.E
cono
mic
gro
wth
und
er lo
ng-t
erm
dis
aste
r ri
sk w
ith
or w
itho
ut D
RR
inve
stm
ent,
and
2.D
ecre
ase
in th
e G
inic
oeff
icie
nt in
con
sequ
ence
of
DR
R in
vest
men
t.
DRR consideration to
contribute to build
ing
a resilient society
YEAR
G D PDisaster
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
DR
2 AD
Mod
el(D
RR
inve
stm
ent A
ccou
nts
for
Dev
elop
men
t)
The
Mod
el h
as b
een
veri
fied
wit
h th
e ca
se o
f P
akis
tan,
and
was
con
firm
ed a
ppli
cabl
e.
Wit
h D
RR
inve
stm
ent,
appr
oxim
atel
y 25
% m
ore
econ
omic
gro
wth
(re
al G
DP
) an
d 0.
5% lo
wer
Gin
icoe
ffic
ient
are
rea
lize
d at
the
year
204
2 co
mpa
red
to th
e ca
se w
itho
ut
DR
R in
vest
men
t.
Exp
ecte
d G
DP
with
and
with
out D
RR
in
vest
men
t (C
ase
of P
akis
tan)
Exp
ecte
d G
iniC
oeffi
cien
t with
and
with
out D
RR
in
vest
men
t (C
ase
of P
akis
tan)
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Und
erst
andi
ng F
lood
Im
pact
s
Vu
lner
abil
ity
and
ris
k m
app
ing
1.A
sses
sing
vul
nera
bili
ty
2.F
acto
rs R
equi
red
to E
stim
ate
Flo
od R
isk
3.V
ario
us p
urpo
ses
and
appl
icat
ions
of
Flo
od R
isk
Ass
essm
ent
AP - 342
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Ass
essm
ent o
f V
ulne
rabi
lity
Type
of
vuln
erab
ilit
y an
d th
e F
acto
rs A
ffec
ting
The
ir R
ate
of E
xpos
ure
Typ
es o
f V
uln
erab
ilit
yE
xpos
ure
Fac
tors
Indi
vidu
al o
r ho
useh
old
vuln
erab
ilit
yE
duca
tion
, age
, gen
der,
race
, inc
ome,
pas
t dis
aste
r ex
peri
ence
Soc
ial v
ulne
rabi
lity
Pov
erty
, rac
e, is
olat
ion,
lack
of
soci
al s
ecur
ity
serv
ices
Inst
itut
iona
l V
ulne
rabi
lity
Inef
fect
ive
poli
cies
, uno
rgan
ized
and
non
-com
mit
ted
publ
ic a
nd p
riva
te
inst
itut
ions
Eco
nom
ic V
ulne
rabi
lity
Fin
anci
al in
secu
rity
, GD
P, s
ourc
es o
f na
tion
al in
com
e an
d fu
nds
for
disa
ster
pre
vent
ion
and
mit
igat
ion
Phy
sica
l Vul
nera
bili
tyL
ocat
ion
of s
ettl
emen
t, m
ater
ial o
f bu
ildi
ng, m
aint
enan
ce, f
orec
asti
ng
and
war
ning
sys
tem
Env
iron
men
tal
Vul
nera
bili
tyP
oor
envi
ronm
enta
l pra
ctic
es, u
npre
cede
nted
pop
ulat
ion
grow
th a
nd
mig
rati
on
Sys
tem
Vul
nera
bili
tyU
tili
ty s
ervi
ce f
or th
e co
mm
unit
y, h
ealt
h se
rvic
es, r
esil
ient
sys
tem
Pla
ce V
ulne
rabi
lity
Mit
igat
ion
and
soci
al f
abri
c
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Fac
tors
Req
uire
d to
Est
imat
e F
lood
Ris
k
Fac
tor
Def
init
ion
Key
In
dic
ator
A. H
azar
dsP
oten
tial
ly d
amag
ing
even
t of
floo
ding
Wat
er d
epth
(m
ainl
y), w
ater
velo
city
, inu
ndat
ion
peri
od
B. V
ulne
rabi
lity
Con
diti
ons
dete
rmin
ed b
y ph
ysic
al, s
ocia
l fa
ctor
s to
the
impa
ct o
f fl
ood
haza
rdS
usce
ptib
ilit
y or
Res
ilie
nce;
0 (
no)
to 1
(hi
ghes
t) o
r B
= E
÷D
C. P
roba
bili
ty o
f ha
zard
Ext
ent t
o w
hich
an
even
t is
like
ly o
ccur
Ret
urn
peri
od, p
roba
bili
ty o
foc
curr
ence
; 0 (
no o
ccur
renc
e) to
1(1
00%
occ
urre
nce)
D. V
alue
of
the
elem
ents
at
risk
(or
exp
osur
e)A
ggre
gate
val
ue o
f as
sets
, ope
rati
onal
indi
rect
pro
duct
s, in
tang
ible
ass
ets
of th
eel
emen
ts a
t ris
k
Mon
etar
y va
lue
($),
dea
th to
ll, e
tc.
E. D
amag
e of
the
elem
ents
at r
isk
by a
n ev
ent o
fha
zard
Agg
rega
te v
alue
of
dire
ct a
nd in
dire
ctda
mag
es to
the
elem
ents
impa
cted
by
anev
ent o
f fl
oodi
ng
Dam
age
($, d
eath
toll
, etc
.) =
B x
Dor
Val
ue o
f da
mag
e m
easu
red
bysu
rvey
s
F. R
isk
Com
bin
atio
n o
f th
e p
rob
abil
ity
of a
n
even
t (%
) an
d it
s co
nse
qu
ence
s ($
, dea
th t
oll)
Ris
k =
C x
E o
r C
x B
x D
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Pur
pose
s of
Flo
od R
isk
Ass
essm
ent
Purpose
Description
Pol
icy
Mak
ing
For
mul
atio
n of
nat
iona
l and
reg
iona
l dev
elop
men
t pol
icy
on s
trat
egic
ar
eas
for
disa
ster
pre
vent
ion,
iden
tifi
cati
on o
f m
odel
are
as a
nd
budg
etar
y ar
rang
emen
ts; d
evel
opm
ent a
nd/o
r up
date
of
com
preh
ensi
ve
plan
s, f
utur
e la
nd u
se m
aps,
and
zon
ing
regu
lati
ons
Flo
od M
anag
emen
t P
lann
ing
Pre
pare
dnes
s fo
r em
erge
ncy
acti
ons
(eva
cuat
ion
and
resc
ue)
and
reli
ef
acti
ons;
dev
elop
haz
ard
mit
igat
ion
proj
ects
; pla
nnin
g fo
r co
ntin
uity
of
oper
atio
ns p
lans
, con
tinu
ity
of g
over
nmen
t pla
ns, a
nd e
mer
genc
y op
erat
ions
pla
ns
Pre
pare
dnes
s an
d E
mer
genc
yA
ctio
ns
Info
rmat
ion
for
disa
ster
mit
igat
ion
and
prev
enti
on p
lann
ing,
and
riv
er
basi
n fl
ood
cont
rol m
aste
r pl
an; r
e-ev
alua
te a
nd p
rior
itiz
e m
itig
atio
n ac
tion
s in
loca
l haz
ard
mit
igat
ion
plan
s; to
com
mun
icat
e w
ith
prop
erty
ow
ners
, bus
ines
s ow
ners
, and
oth
er c
itiz
ens
abou
t flo
od r
isks
Dam
age
Ana
lysi
sD
amag
e an
alys
is f
or in
vest
men
t on
regi
onal
indu
stri
al c
lust
ers
and
insu
ranc
e on
fac
tori
es, b
uild
ings
and
uti
liti
es; r
isk
asse
ssm
ent o
n ec
onom
ic c
orri
dors
suc
h as
roa
ds, p
orts
, and
rai
lway
s
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Emergency
Response,
Recovery
Reh
abilitation,
Reconstruction
Prevention
Mitigation
Prepared
ness,
Defen
se
Disaster
Managem
ent
Cycle
App
lica
tion
of
Flo
od R
isk
Ass
essm
ent
Flood Risk Assessm
ent
Institutional
Flood Risk Tran
sfer
Institutional
Arran
gement for
Flood Risk Tran
sfer
Area
Planning
Area
Business
Continuity
Planning
PolicyMaking
Flood
Planning
Flood
Man
agement
Planning
Designing
measures
Designing
structural
measures
AP - 343
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Mag
nitu
de
of h
azar
dD
amag
e po
tent
ial a
nd
impa
ctP
roba
bilit
ype
rye
ar
Ext
rem
eS
ever
e da
mag
e, n
eed
com
preh
ensi
ve w
orks
×0.
1%
Larg
eH
eavy
dam
age,
mus
t be
co
ntro
lled
×1%
Med
ium
Dam
age
on li
velih
ood,
no
casu
alty
×10
%
Sm
all
Littl
e da
mag
e, a
void
able
×10
0%
Impact value
(Dam
age)
Ave
rage
Impa
ct p
erye
ar
Dam
age
pote
ntia
l and
impa
ct a
sses
smen
t
Impact assessmen
t based
on
wide range of hazard projections
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Disaster Stage or Water Dep
th
Probability
(%)
Av. Return Period
(Year)
100
50
10 5 2 1
1 2 10
20
50
100
Secured Stage with No‐Dam
age
Total devastation (maximum damage)
Dam
age ($ or casualty)
DRR
Curren
t
Future
Sta
ge-D
amag
e C
urve
wit
h pr
obab
ilit
y
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Sou
rce
: Yod
oR
iver
Mas
ter
Pla
n
Ave
rage
an
nu
al F
lood
Dis
aste
r L
oss
Cal
cula
ted
by r
etur
n pe
riod
of
10, 2
0, 3
0, 5
0, 8
0, 1
00, 1
50 y
ears
, ove
rlai
d th
e in
unda
tion
si
mul
atio
n w
ith
vuln
erab
ilit
y m
aps,
usi
ng s
tage
-dam
age
rati
ng c
urve
of
stru
ctur
es a
nd b
uild
ings
.
The
res
ulte
d av
erag
e an
nual
flo
od d
isas
ter
loss
of
the
rive
r ba
sin
is 1
33,0
82 m
illi
on Y
en/y
ear
An
exam
ple
of f
lood
ris
k as
sess
men
t fo
r st
ruct
ural
mea
sure
s pl
anni
ng
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
To R
educ
e th
e F
lood
Dis
aste
r R
isk
and
Impa
cts,
we
need
to;
•E
nsur
e th
e pr
iori
ty o
f ri
sk r
educ
tion
am
ong
deci
sion
mak
ers
part
icul
arly
thos
e st
andi
ng o
n de
velo
pmen
t sid
e,–
Rea
list
ic u
nder
stan
ding
of
floo
d ri
sk a
nd im
pact
,
–R
isk
min
ded
spat
ial p
lann
ing,
•C
lear
ly id
enti
fy a
nd q
uant
itat
ivel
y as
sess
the
unce
rtai
n bu
t pro
babl
eri
sk a
nd im
pact
in
ord
er to
get
the
deci
sion
mak
ers
ackn
owle
dged
,–
Vul
nera
bili
ty a
sses
smen
t, ri
sk a
nd im
pact
ana
lysi
s,
–D
amag
e co
st e
stim
atio
n, D
RR
inve
stm
ent c
ost v
ersu
s be
nefi
t,
•E
ffec
tive
ly r
efle
ct th
e le
sson
s fr
om r
ecen
t dis
aste
rs a
nd f
rom
pre
cede
nts
into
the
poli
cy, s
trat
egy
and
plan
ning
of
deve
lopm
ent,
–G
ood
prac
tice
s, m
odel
s of
adv
ance
d na
tion
s,
–S
tand
ard
met
hodo
logy
and
tech
nolo
gy,
•P
ract
ice
the
risk
red
ucti
on u
nder
coo
rdin
ated
man
ner
wit
h st
akeh
olde
rs–
Inst
itut
iona
l str
engt
heni
ng, l
egal
fra
mew
ork,
–C
omm
unit
y pa
rtic
ipat
ion,
con
flic
t man
agem
ent,
AP - 344
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Man
agem
ent O
ptio
ns: S
truc
tura
l Mea
sure
s
•C
onve
yanc
e (i
ncre
asin
g th
e fl
ow-c
arry
ing
capa
city
of
a ri
ver
at a
par
ticu
lar
loca
tion
, bu
t inc
reas
e it
fur
ther
dow
nstr
eam
)–
Mod
ific
atio
n of
riv
ers
(by
incr
easi
ng th
e fl
ow a
rea
or a
lter
ing
the
line
, pro
tect
ing
the
bank
s fr
om e
rosi
on, i
ncre
asin
g th
e he
ight
of
bank
s)–
Rel
ief
chan
nels
, cut
off
of m
eand
erin
g ch
anne
ls–
Flo
od p
lain
res
tora
tion
–R
eope
ning
cul
vert
s
•F
lood
sto
rage
–O
nlin
e st
orag
e (b
y da
ms,
cro
ss d
ikes
, etc
.)–
Off
line
sto
rage
(by
ret
ardi
ng b
asin
, pla
nned
inun
dati
on a
reas
, etc
.)–
Tem
pora
ry s
tora
ge (
by r
ain
wat
er ta
nks,
pad
dy f
ield
sto
rage
, etc
.)
•B
arri
er a
nd e
mba
nkm
ent s
yste
ms
•D
rain
age
syst
ems
(sew
ers
and
drai
ns)
•In
filt
rati
on a
nd p
erm
eabi
lity
con
trol
(by
infi
ltra
tion
dev
ices
, veg
etat
ion,
pav
ing,
etc
.)•
Gro
undw
ater
man
agem
ent (
land
sub
side
nce
cont
rol,
rain
wat
er h
arve
stin
g)•
Wet
land
s an
d en
viro
nmen
tal b
uffe
rs•
Bui
ldin
g re
sili
ence
and
res
ista
nce
•F
lood
def
ense
s
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Man
agem
ent O
ptio
ns: N
on-s
truc
tura
l M
easu
res
•L
and
use
plan
ning
and
flo
od z
onin
g (i
nteg
rati
ng r
isk
man
agem
ent a
nd la
nd u
se
plan
ning
)•
Flo
od r
isk
awar
enes
s ra
isin
g (r
isk
info
rmat
ion
and
com
mun
icat
ion)
•H
ealt
h pl
anni
ng a
nd a
war
enes
s ca
mpa
igns
•E
arly
war
ning
sys
tem
s –
Ris
k in
form
atio
n m
anag
emen
t sys
tem
–O
rgan
izat
iona
l cap
acit
y en
hanc
emen
t–
App
ropr
iate
mes
sage
con
tent
•E
vacu
atio
n pl
anni
ng a
nd f
acil
ity
enha
ncem
ent
–E
vacu
atio
n fa
cili
ties
and
fun
ctio
ns–
Eva
cuat
ion
rout
e an
d m
anag
emen
t
•E
mer
genc
y pl
anni
ng, r
escu
e, d
amag
eav
oida
nce
acti
ons
and
tem
pora
ry s
helt
er•
Bus
ines
s an
d go
vern
men
t con
tinu
ity
man
agem
ent
•S
olid
and
liqu
id w
aste
man
agem
ent
•F
lood
rec
over
y an
d re
cons
truc
tion
(bu
ild
back
bet
ter)
•F
lood
insu
ranc
e, r
isk
fina
ncin
g, c
ompe
nsat
ion
and
tax
reli
ef
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Eva
luat
e an
d D
eter
min
e th
e ap
prop
riat
e M
anag
emen
t Opt
ions
•M
anag
emen
t opt
ion
sele
ctio
n in
con
side
rati
on o
f IW
RM
con
cept
•B
alla
nced
mea
sure
s on
DR
MC
•C
ost B
enef
it p
erfo
rman
ce
•M
ulti
-Cri
teri
a A
naly
sis
of c
ost b
enef
it a
nd s
ocio
-env
iron
men
tal i
ssue
s
•D
eter
min
ing
the
appr
opri
ate
targ
et le
vels
of
prot
ecti
on m
easu
res
(AL
AR
P)
•R
obus
tnes
s of
flo
od m
anag
emen
t opt
ions
•D
isas
ter
Ris
k G
over
nan
ce“S
yste
mic
ap
pro
ach
of
risk
man
agem
ent
pro
cess
es t
hro
ugh
iden
tifi
cati
on, a
sses
smen
t, r
isk
re
du
ctio
n a
nd
imp
act
mit
igat
ion
, bas
ed o
n t
he
pri
nci
ple
s of
coo
per
atio
n a
nd
par
tici
pat
ion
b
y p
ub
lic,
pri
vate
, com
mu
nit
y an
d a
cad
emy,
inco
rpor
atin
g su
ch c
rite
ria
as a
ccou
nta
bil
ity
and
tra
nsp
aren
cy w
ith
in t
he
pro
ced
ure
s.”
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Man
agem
ent o
ptio
n se
lect
ion
in c
onsi
dera
tion
of
IW
RM
con
cept
Overview of flood risk managem
ent options, catchment scale, Source: Baca Architects
AP - 345
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Sou
rce
: Yod
oR
iver
Mas
ter
Pla
n
Ave
rage
an
nu
al F
lood
Dis
aste
r L
oss
Cal
cula
ted
by r
etur
n pe
riod
of
10, 2
0, 3
0, 5
0, 8
0, 1
00, 1
50 y
ears
,fr
om in
unda
tion
sim
ulat
ion,
vu
lner
abil
ity
map
s,
stag
e-da
mag
e ra
ting
cur
ve, e
tc.
The
res
ult i
s 13
3,08
2 m
illi
on Y
en/y
ear
Pro
visi
onal
ben
efit
of
DR
R in
vest
men
tC
alcu
late
d fr
om f
utur
e va
lue
of D
RR
, re
pres
ente
d by
acc
umul
atio
n of
yea
rly
decr
ease
d D
isas
ter
Los
ses
by p
reve
ntio
n m
easu
res
Res
ult i
s 1,
420
bill
ion
Yen
Pro
visi
onal
Cos
t of
DR
R in
vest
men
tT
he p
lann
ed f
lood
pre
vent
ion
inve
stm
ent
incl
udin
g ye
arly
mai
nten
ance
and
ope
rati
on is
37
0 bi
llio
n Y
en
B/C
= 1
,420
/ 37
0 =
3.8
An
exam
ple
of B
/C e
stim
atio
n in
F
RM
usi
ng f
lood
ris
k as
sess
men
t
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
In d
ecid
ing
on a
n ac
cept
able
leve
l of
disa
ster
ris
k fo
r po
pula
tion
s to
bea
r, th
e co
ncep
t of
As
Low
As
Rea
sona
bly
Pra
ctic
al (
AL
AR
P)
can
be a
dopt
ed. ‐
Risk cannot be justified
save in extraordinary
circumstances
‐Tolerable only if risk reduction is
impracticable or if ben
efits only
marginally greater than
costs
‐Tolerable if ben
efits not significantly
greater than
costs
‐Necessary to m
aintain assurance that risk
remains at this level
Def
inin
g “t
arge
t pro
tect
ion
leve
ls”
Sou
rce:
Int
egra
ted
Urb
an F
lood
Ris
k M
anag
emen
t for
the
21st
Cen
tury
: A P
ract
itio
ner’
s H
andb
ook,
T
HE
WO
RL
D B
AN
K, G
FD
RR
. 201
1, C
hapt
er 5
.3.1
.
Unacceptable region
ALARP or tolerability
region
Broadly
acceptable
region
Accep
table levels of risk and
the ALARP principle,
Source: adapted from Flood
site language of risk.
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Rob
ustn
ess
of f
lood
man
agem
ent o
ptio
ns
(Modified from source: Adapted from Ranger and Garbett‐Shields, 2011)
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Impl
emen
t Int
egra
ted
Flo
od R
isk
Man
agem
ent O
ptio
ns
•E
ffec
tive
inst
itut
ions
and
sta
keho
lder
s fr
amew
ork
–C
lear
rol
es o
f in
stit
utio
ns
–A
lloc
atio
n of
sta
keho
lder
res
pons
ibil
itie
s fo
r fl
ood
risk
man
agem
ent
–P
ubli
c-pr
ivat
e co
oper
atio
n
•C
omm
unit
y en
gage
men
t–
Und
erst
andi
ng lo
cal k
now
ledg
e an
d ca
paci
ties
–S
hari
ng r
isk
info
rmat
ion
and
know
ledg
e
•F
inan
cing
flo
od r
isk
man
agem
ent
–R
isk
shar
ing
and
cost
sha
ring
in b
asin
leve
l int
egra
tion
–P
ubli
c pr
ivat
e pa
rtne
rshi
ps
–In
cent
ives
for
indi
vidu
al p
riva
te in
vest
men
t
AP - 346
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Rev
iew
and
impr
ove
the
Man
agem
ent S
yste
m
•E
ffec
tive
mon
itor
ing
syst
em a
nd p
roto
cols
•E
valu
atio
n
•G
ende
r an
d cu
ltur
al a
spec
ts: t
he d
istr
ibut
ion
of b
enef
its
•P
lann
ing
regu
lati
on, e
nfor
cem
ent a
nd in
tegr
atio
n of
pol
icie
s an
d ac
tivi
ties
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Dis
cuss
ion
•C
an y
ou c
lear
ly d
isti
ngui
sh th
e di
ffer
ence
bet
wee
n F
lood
Res
pons
e an
d F
lood
P
reve
ntio
n an
d M
itig
atio
n?
•W
hat i
s th
e ga
p be
twee
n cu
rren
t cap
acit
y of
FD
RM
in M
ozam
biqu
e an
d fu
ture
fu
ndam
enta
ls to
est
abli
sh f
or im
prov
ed f
lood
pre
vent
ion
and
mit
igat
ion
?
•W
ho w
ill d
o w
hat?
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
12 p
rinc
iple
s of
Flo
od M
anag
emen
t
1.E
very
flo
od r
isk
sce
nar
io is
dif
fere
nt:
th
ere
is n
o fl
ood
man
agem
ent
blu
epri
nt.
2.D
esig
ns
for
floo
d m
anag
emen
t m
ust
be
able
to
cop
e w
ith
a c
han
gin
g an
d u
nce
rtai
n
futu
re.
3.R
apid
urb
aniz
atio
n r
equ
ires
th
e in
tegr
atio
n o
f fl
ood
ris
k m
anag
emen
t in
to r
egu
lar
urb
an p
lan
nin
g an
d g
over
nan
ce.
4.A
n in
tegr
ated
str
ateg
y re
qu
ires
th
e u
se o
f b
oth
str
uct
ura
l an
d n
on-s
tru
ctu
ral m
easu
res
and
goo
d m
etri
cs f
or “
gett
ing
the
bal
ance
rig
ht”
.5.
Hea
vily
en
gin
eere
d s
tru
ctu
ral m
easu
res
can
tra
nsf
er r
isk
up
stre
am a
nd
dow
nst
ream
.6.
It is
imp
ossi
ble
to
enti
rely
eli
min
ate
the
risk
fro
m f
lood
ing.
7.M
any
floo
d m
anag
emen
t m
easu
res
hav
e m
ult
iple
co-
ben
efit
s ov
er a
nd
ab
ove
thei
r fl
ood
man
agem
ent
role
.8.
It is
imp
orta
nt
to c
onsi
der
th
e w
ider
soc
ial a
nd
eco
logi
cal c
onse
qu
ence
s of
flo
od
man
agem
ent
spen
din
g.9.
Cla
rity
of
resp
onsi
bil
ity
for
con
stru
ctin
g an
d r
un
nin
g fl
ood
ris
k p
rogr
ams
is c
riti
cal.
10.
Imp
lem
enti
ng
floo
d r
isk
man
agem
ent
mea
sure
s re
qu
ires
mu
lti-
stak
ehol
der
co
oper
atio
n.
11.
Con
tin
uou
s co
mm
un
icat
ion
to
rais
e aw
aren
ess
and
rein
forc
e p
repa
red
nes
s is
nec
essa
ry.
12.
Pla
n t
o re
cove
r q
uic
kly
aft
er f
lood
ing
and
use
th
e re
cove
ry t
o b
uil
d c
apac
ity.
AP - 347
Japan
International
Cooperation
Agency
Th
ank
you
© D
r. H
itos
hi B
AB
A
Ph.
D. E
nvir
onm
ent a
nd R
esou
rce
Eng
inee
ring
Sen
ior A
dvis
or, J
apan
Int
erna
tion
al C
oope
rati
on A
genc
y
emai
l:B
aba.
Hit
oshi
@ji
ca.g
o.jp
AP - 348
Appendix - 4
2015 Licungo River Flood
AP - 349
AP - 350
Appendix 4-1
2015 Flood Report
AP - 351
AP - 352
1
Jan.2015 Licungo River Flood
2015/1/31
Assistance for Enhancement of Institutional Capacity to Manage
Water Related Disaster Risks in Mozambique
Makoto KODAMA
In order to grasp flood situation of Licungo River, we conducted the field survey as shown in
the table below. Date Activities
2015/1/1/ 21 Move (Maputo – Quelimane) Courtesy call to Provincial Department of Water & Sanitation of Zambezia Province and Emergency Operation Center (EOC) in Quelimane
22 Site visit Route 226 bridges: Licungo II, III and other 2 bridges Mocuba：Intake facility, Lugela River bridge, Licungo River bridge
Interview with Mocuba Unit, ARA central north 23 Site visit: Furquia Post, Namacurra District
Interview with EOC in Quelimane 24 Site visit by helicopter from river mouth to Mocuba
Move (Quelimane – Maputo)
1. General of the flood
Main hydrological stations in Licungo River Basin are located in Mocuba and Gurue.
Rainfall and water level of the both stations in January 2015 are recorded as below.
Torrential rainfall occurred from 11th January to 13th. Recorded rainfall volumes are
102.2mm for 1-day and 233.4mm for 3-day in Mocuba station, 224.0mm for 1-day and
354.7mm for 3-day in Gurue, respectively. Probabilities of these rainfall amounts are
evaluated as follows.
Probability of rainfall
Station n-day Rainfall Probability Mocuba 1-day 102.2 mm XX-year 3-day 234.4 mm XX-year Gurue 1-day 224.0 mm XX-year 3-day 354.7 mm XX-year
Inundation maps were produced by some organizations as below.
224.0mm/1-day
354.7mm/3-day
Hydro-hyeto Graph of Mocuba & Gurue Stations
102.2mm/1-day
233.4mm/3-day
No data due to washed away of water gauge
AP - 353
2
http://www.unitar.org/unosat/node/44/2148?utm_source=unosat-unitar&utm_mediu
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=85145&eocn=image&eoci=moreiotd
2. Mocuba
Mocuba unit, which is a branch office of ARA central north, is located in Mocuba (another
branch is in Gurue). The catchment area of Licungo River widely spread toward upstream
from Mocuba. Licungo River and Lugela River join at Mocuba. After joining, Licungo River
widens its width and flow toward downstream. Because hinterlands of the both rivers at
this reach are relatively high, flood flow is restricted within riparian area without wide
spreading inundation. Damages caused by this flood are riverbank erosion on the outer
bank at the curved reaches, destruction of intake facility, washed away houses at riparian
zone, washed away embankment at Licungo River bridge site.
Intake facility for water supply on right bank of Lugela River was damaged
Riverbank erosion at upstream of intake facility (Lugela River)
Lugela R. Br: Some railings were washed away due to overflow but traffic is secured after cleaning the debris on the bridge
Mocuba
Gurue
NamacurraMocuba
Water intake
Lugela R. Br
Licungo R. Br
Location Map of Mocuba
Licungo River Basin
Lugela R.
Licungo R.
AP - 354
3
3. Route 226 bridges (Licungo II, III and other 2 bridges)
This route links Malei with Maganja da Costa. The route across Licungo River consists of 4
bridges as shown below. These bridges and riverbanks are connected with embankments of
approach road. The embankments obstructed water flow and then rose up water level
during flood. As a result, embankments were eroded and washed away due to overflow or
turbulent flow, and bridges were collapsed due to water pressure increased by driftwoods.
Right bank of Lugela R. at the bridge: Some houses were destroyed due to flood flow
Right bank of Lugela R. at the bridge: People waiting for a boat to cross to left bank of Licungo R.
Licungo R. Br: Right bank was eroded but bridge body is remained
Licungo R. Br: Embankment work was started at eroded right bank
Licungo R. Br: Embankment at left bank side was washed away and a culvert is remained
Licungo R. Br before flood
Location Map of Route 226 Bridges
Mocuba
Route 226 bridges
Br-1
Br-2
Br-3
Br-4
Malei
Maganja da Costa
Namacurra
Licungo R.
Embankment
Culvert
Bridge Embankment
Culvert
AP - 355
4
Approach road to Br-1: Crown of embankment was eroded due to overflow
Approach road to Br-1: Crown of embankment was eroded due to overflow
Br-1: Main body is remained but approach roads of the both side were washed away
Br-1: Eroded approach road on right bank side
Br-2: Abutments are remained but other portions were washed away
Br-2: Dropped bridge beam
Br-3: 6 spans of right bank side are remained but beams and piers of other 3 (?) spans were washed away
Br-3 (Licungo II): Bank on right bank side was eroded
Br-3 (Licungo II): Abutment on right bank side
Br-4 (Licungo III): Portions except abutments were washed away and embankment between Br-3 and Br-4 was also washed away
Approach road to Br-4 completely disappeared
Br-2
Br-1
Overflow
Br-3 Br-4
Br-3
Br-4
Abutment of Br-2 on right bank side
Br-3 Br-4
Approach road
Br-3
Br-4 Br-3
Br-3 Br-1
Br-1
AP - 356
5
Location Map of Furquia
Mocuba
Malei
Maganja da Costa
Namacurra Furquia
Photo-3
Photo-2
Photo-1
4. Nante
Nante, Maganja da Costa is located on the left
bank side of the lower Licungo River and is a
grain-producing area. The land in the
downstream reach is flat and so Licungo River
flows down through meandering course created
by repeating floods. Because of the flat land,
inundated water cannot drain promptly to
Licungo River or the sea.
5. Furquia
Furquia, Namacurra district is located on the right bank side
of the lower Licungo River. 13 villages out of 16 were
damaged by the flood. 6 villages out of the damaged 13 have
never suffered from flood before. Results of the interview
with community leaders are summarized below.
- Flood warning tand evacuation instruction were issued to
residents through the head of Furquia and community
leaders. But many residents did not evacuate because
they thought that the flood was usual or the warning was
not credible.
- Flood warning has been issued every rainy season.
- Some people evacuated on the trees for 4 days.
Inundated area widely spreads between Licungo River and relatively higher land, where Nante post office is located
Extensive paddy field are under water
Meandering water course of the lower Licungo R.
Licungo R.
Paddy field
Licungo R.
Nante post
AP - 357
6
- Flood damage this time was severest since 1971. This flood was severer than one in
1971.
- Disaster management committee of Furquia conducted evacuation drills for villages on
lower land in 2013 and 2014. Committee members were trained by INGC and Red-cross.
Interview with community leaders in Furquia
Evacuation center Inundated area: Grass fell in the same direction due to flooding water flow
AP - 358
Appendix 4-2
Licungo River Flood
AP - 359
AP - 360
1
WRA
P‐UP MEETING
ASSISTAN
CEFO
REN
HAN
CEMEN
T OF INSTITUTIONAL
CAP
ACITY
TO M
ANAG
E WATER
RELATED
DISAS
TER RISKS
INMOZA
MBIQUE
February
26, 201
5JIC
A Team
Makoto KO
DAMA
2. Licun
goRiver F
lood
Rainfall & water level at G
urue
& M
ocub
astations
16
1116
2126
31012345678910
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Janu
ary
2015
Water level (m)
Rrainfall (mm/day)
Gur
ue
Rai
nfal
l
WL
224.0 mm/1‐day
354.7 mm/3‐day
16
1116
2126
31012345678910
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Janu
ary
2015
Water level (m)
Rrainfall (mm/day)
Moc
uba
Rai
nfal
l
WL
102.2 mm/1‐day
233.4 mm/3‐day
Prob
ability of rainfall
Station
n‐day
Rainfall
Return period
Gurue
1‐day
224.0 mm
25 years
3‐day
354.7 mm
20 years
Mocub
a1‐day
102.2 mm
2‐5 years
3‐day
234.4 mm
20 years
2. Licun
goRiver F
lood
Inun
datio
n Area
http
://w
ww
.uni
tar.o
rg/u
nosa
t/no
de/4
4/21
48?u
tm_s
ourc
e=un
osat
-uni
tar&
utm
_med
iu
2. Licun
goRiver F
lood
Intake facility
Intake
facilityforw
ater
supp
lyon
right
bank
ofLugelaRiverw
asdamaged
.
Ap
prop
riate
locatio
nforriver
structures
How
toprotecta
river
structure/river
bank
locatedat
outsideof
curvepo
rtion
AP - 361
2
2. Licun
goRiver F
lood
Riparia
n Hou
ses
Riparia
nho
uses
werede
stroyedandwashe
daw
ay.
Iden
tificationof
flood
riskarea
Lane
‐use
regulatio
n/restrictio
nof
building/prom
otionof
movingto
saferp
lace
2. Licun
goRiver F
lood
Bridge (M
ocub
aBridge)
Orig
inal floo
d flo
w width
Ope
ning
2. Licun
goRiver F
lood
Bridges (MaleiBridges)
Brid
ge
Brid
ge
2. Licun
goRiver F
lood
Bridges
Mocub
aBridge:Rightriv
erbank
was
erod
edandem
bankmen
tforapproach
was
washe
daw
ay.
Malei
Bridge:Somebridge
beam
sandpierswerede
stroyedandem
bankmen
tsbe
tweenbridgesw
erewashe
daw
ay.
Evaluatio
nof
water
levelraisin
gdu
eto
bridge
andem
bankmentintheriv
er
Hydrauliccond
ition
forb
ridge
desig
n
Protectio
nof
river
bank
conn
ectin
gwith
abridge
AP - 362
3
2. Licun
goRiver F
lood
Dike in Nante, M
aganjada
Costa District
Dike
was
erod
edinmanyplaces.
How
tode
cide
height,w
idth
andsid
eslo
peof
dike
Target
flood
ford
ikeplanning
Overflow
Overflow
2. Licun
goRiver F
lood
Warning
& Evacuation
Interview in Furqu
iaPo
st, N
amacurra
District
Floo
d warning
and
evacuation instruction were issue
d to re
siden
ts but m
any
resid
ents did not evacuate be
cause they th
ought that the
floo
d was usual or the
warning
was not credible.
Risk m
anagem
ent com
mittee
of Furqu
iacond
ucted evacuatio
n drills for v
illages
on lower land
in 201
3 and 20
14.
More accurate early wa rning
system
Early
warning
message stim
ulating pe
ople to
evacuate prom
ptly
Nam
acurra
Furpuia
3. To
pics To Be
Focused
On
Political aspect
Land
use re
gulatio
n
Discussio
n be
tween riv
er and
road
adm
inistrators on bridge plan
Introd
uctio
n of river m
anagem
ent in Japan
Technical aspect
Identification of floo
d risk area
Evaluatio
n of influ
ence of b
ridge and
embankmen
t in the riv
er on water level
Early
warning
(accuracy, alert level, message)
Hy
draulic con
ditio
n for p
lan of dike, brid
ge and
other s tructures
Ru
noff mod
eling and flo
od simulation mod
eling
Ra
iny Season
Rep
ort
Base line
survey
To grasp fu
ndam
ental information of th
e Assistance
Main riv
ers
Legal system
Po
licy
Organiza
tion
Do
nor’s projects
Based on
the result, transfer
techno
logy is designe
d.
field and
item
target organiza
tion/pe
rson
nel
sche
dule
goal to
be achieved
, and
others
Based on
the result, re
view
and
advice
regarding followings are im
plem
ented.
HFA
and
post‐HFA
M/P of d
isaster prevention and
mitigatio
n
water re
lated disaster m
anagem
ent
hu
man
resources and institu
tional
developm
ent p
lan
4. Next A
ctivities
~ June
2015
AP - 363
AP - 364
