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Romanian Social Development Fund Romanian Social Development Fund – – reaching and empowering poor Roma reaching and empowering poor Roma
through community developmentthrough community development
June 2003June 2003
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Country contextCountry context
PopulationPopulation: 22,327,000 : 22,327,000 people, out of which people, out of which
56% in urban areas56% in urban areas
44% in rural areas44% in rural areas
Total areaTotal area: 237,500 sqkm: 237,500 sqkm
ROMANIAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT FUNDROMANIAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
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Romania – statistical informationRomania – statistical information
ROMANIAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT FUNDROMANIAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
Ethnicity structure:Ethnicity structure:
Romanian (89.5%)Romanian (89.5%)
Hungarian (6.6%)Hungarian (6.6%)
Roma (2.5%)Roma (2.5%)
German (0.3%)German (0.3%)
Ukrainian, Serb, Croat, Russian and Turk (0.9%)Ukrainian, Serb, Croat, Russian and Turk (0.9%)
Others (0.2 %)Others (0.2 %)
(Source: 2002 Census for Population and Houses)
Administrative structure:Administrative structure:
41 counties41 counties
2 686 communes2 686 communes
12 682 villages12 682 villages
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ROMANIAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT FUNDROMANIAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
RSDF approach and objectivesRSDF approach and objectives
Approach Approach • Community driven development – participative approachCommunity driven development – participative approach
• Country-wide targeting of potential beneficiariesCountry-wide targeting of potential beneficiaries
• Main eligibility criterion: poverty / social marginalizationMain eligibility criterion: poverty / social marginalization
• Facilitation and support for involving the excludedFacilitation and support for involving the excluded
Objectives Objectives • Improving the livelihood of subproject beneficiariesImproving the livelihood of subproject beneficiaries• Increasing local level organizational and self-help capacityIncreasing local level organizational and self-help capacity
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Financial resourcesFinancial resources
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development – for the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development – for the Social Development Fund Project (USD 30 million)Social Development Fund Project (USD 30 million)
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development – for the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development – for the Rural Development Program (USD 2.4 million)Rural Development Program (USD 2.4 million)
Council of Europe Development Bank (USD 10 million)Council of Europe Development Bank (USD 10 million)
Romanian Government (USD 12 million)Romanian Government (USD 12 million)
Beneficiaries’ contributionBeneficiaries’ contribution
ROMANIAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT FUNDROMANIAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
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Methodology / benefitsMethodology / benefits
““Bottom up” approach Bottom up” approach
ROMANIAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT FUNDROMANIAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
““Heard” needsHeard” needs
SU
ST
AIN
AB
LE
OU
TC
OM
ES
SU
ST
AIN
AB
LE
OU
TC
OM
ES
Informed peopleInformed people
Reached marginalizedReached marginalized
Active communitiesActive communities
Responsible peopleResponsible people
Ownership senseOwnership sense
Equal chancesEqual chances
Improved skillsImproved skills
Information, education and communication Information, education and communication campaign presenting potential benefitscampaign presenting potential benefits
Simple, user-friendly application formsSimple, user-friendly application forms
Social capital building – participation of all Social capital building – participation of all community members, relationships based on community members, relationships based on trust and cooperationtrust and cooperation
Funds managed entirely by communities Funds managed entirely by communities
Participation of beneficiaries in reaching subproject Participation of beneficiaries in reaching subproject objectivesobjectives
Equality of chances in subproject appraisal and Equality of chances in subproject appraisal and selectionselection
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Specific steps towards reaching minoritiesSpecific steps towards reaching minorities
Facilitation – includes a special dimension of minorities’ Facilitation – includes a special dimension of minorities’ participation (encouraging involvement of all ethnic minorities)participation (encouraging involvement of all ethnic minorities)
Facilitators belonging to ethnic minoritiesFacilitators belonging to ethnic minorities
Informative materials in ethnic minorities’ languagesInformative materials in ethnic minorities’ languages
ROMANIAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT FUNDROMANIAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
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Subproject cycle – community-driven processSubproject cycle – community-driven process
Communities are supported by facilitators to get organizedCommunities are supported by facilitators to get organized
Leaders are democratically elected by community members Leaders are democratically elected by community members
All community members participate in the process of identifying andAll community members participate in the process of identifying and prioritizing their needs, as well as in subproject designprioritizing their needs, as well as in subproject design
Training in procurement, accounting, project managementTraining in procurement, accounting, project management
Technical assistance by RSDFTechnical assistance by RSDF
All activities necessary for subproject implementation organized and All activities necessary for subproject implementation organized and carried out by the communitycarried out by the community
Material contribution to subproject implementationMaterial contribution to subproject implementation
ROMANIAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT FUNDROMANIAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
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Achievements in supporting RomaAchievements in supporting Roma
ROMANIAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT FUNDROMANIAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
Roma Roma community community members involved in members involved in
subproject subproject implementation implementation hahadd
good opportunitgood opportunitiesies to to develop their financial develop their financial and managerial skills and managerial skills ((and possibly apply and possibly apply
further to other financing further to other financing programs for solving programs for solving
more of their community more of their community problemsproblems))..
79 79 subprojects financed for subprojects financed for RomaRoma (with about (with about 3,500 beneficiaries3,500 beneficiaries): ):
16 16 small rural infrastructuresmall rural infrastructure subprojects subprojects
58 58 community-based social servicescommunity-based social services subprojects subprojects
5 5 income generating activitiesincome generating activities subprojects subprojects
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Future steps to supporting RomaFuture steps to supporting Roma
ROMANIAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT FUNDROMANIAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
More than 90 Roma More than 90 Roma communities will be communities will be
supported by RSDF over supported by RSDF over the next five years, by the next five years, by stimulating the civic stimulating the civic engagement and the engagement and the
learning by doing process, learning by doing process, in order to break the in order to break the dependency and the dependency and the
exclusion chain for all exclusion chain for all poor and marginalized poor and marginalized
Roma.Roma.
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Roma poverty – a complex problemRoma poverty – a complex problem
RSDF addresses Roma poverty through all categories of subprojects RSDF addresses Roma poverty through all categories of subprojects financed (targeting all poverty related problems)financed (targeting all poverty related problems)
Participation in National Antipoverty Commission meetings Participation in National Antipoverty Commission meetings approaching poverty problems including Roma povertyapproaching poverty problems including Roma poverty
Participation in donors meetings addressing Roma needsParticipation in donors meetings addressing Roma needs
ROMANIAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT FUNDROMANIAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
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Case study – Case study – Roma community subprojectRoma community subproject
ROMANIAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT FUNDROMANIAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
LocationLocation:: Valea Hotarului village, Dragoslavele Valea Hotarului village, Dragoslavele commune, Arges county – Roma village, with commune, Arges county – Roma village, with 583 inhabitants 583 inhabitants in in 107 households107 households
Village characteristicsVillage characteristics:: Extreme povertyExtreme povertyPeople felt “neglected” and socially People felt “neglected” and socially isolatedisolatedRestricted access to facilitiesRestricted access to facilities
Community priorityCommunity priority: water supply system: water supply system
“ “Before the subproject was Before the subproject was implemented, we had to choose implemented, we had to choose between looking up for babies or go between looking up for babies or go to get water. Of course, one had to to get water. Of course, one had to go, because one must eat. But we go, because one must eat. But we were always worried about the were always worried about the babies….they are little and one never babies….they are little and one never knows….” knows….” (woman, 32 years old, beneficiary)
“ “It was impossible not to get sick It was impossible not to get sick when you were drinking water from when you were drinking water from the same river where tractors were the same river where tractors were washed. It was especially hard for washed. It was especially hard for children…” children…” (man, 50 years old, beneficiary)
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Case study – benefits (I)Case study – benefits (I)
Increased sense of belonging to the communityIncreased sense of belonging to the community
Personal and community status improvement Personal and community status improvement
Improved livelihood by normal access to safe water for the entire Roma Improved livelihood by normal access to safe water for the entire Roma communitycommunity
ROMANIAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT FUNDROMANIAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
““When I go to work or to see When I go to work or to see my relatives, I always take a my relatives, I always take a bottle of water with me. They bottle of water with me. They do not have such a quality do not have such a quality water.” water.” (woman, 25 years old, beneficiary)
““I always miss my water when I I always miss my water when I leave the village. I am not joking, leave the village. I am not joking, it is really different. It is ours…”it is really different. It is ours…” (woman, 32 years old, beneficiary)
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ROMANIAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT FUNDROMANIAN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT FUND
Case study – benefits (II)Case study – benefits (II)
Enhanced Enhanced social capitalsocial capital
Openness of the communities towards the “outside world”Openness of the communities towards the “outside world”
The power of exampleThe power of example
Future opportunitiesFuture opportunities
““..now the police ..now the police come here not come here not only for giving only for giving fines to us. They fines to us. They come to take come to take water, because water, because they say it is of they say it is of good quality. good quality. Before, when we Before, when we saw the police, we saw the police, we were sure that were sure that they were coming they were coming for one of us. for one of us. Now it is different Now it is different and we joke about and we joke about it…. “ it…. “ (male, 40 years old, beneficiary)