Router Internal Components

ConsoleConsoleAuxiliaryAuxiliary InterfacesInterfaces

RAMRAM NVRAMNVRAM FlashFlash ROMROM

RAM - Packet buffers, running configurations, running IOS

ROM - Rom Monitor, Baby IOS (Rxboot)

NVRAM - Backup configurations, Config register

Flash - IOS

Sources of Configurations

ConfigConfig

Console

RAM NVRAM

• NVRAM• Terminal• TFTP server• Erase Start

copy running startup

copy startup running (merge)

TFTPserver

Blank000000000000

erasestart

config term(merge)

copy tftp run (merge) copy tftp start

copy start tftpcopy run tftp

Router Status Commands

RAM

Internetwork Operating System

ProgramsTables

and Buffers

DynamicConfigurationInformation

NVRAM Flash

BackupBackupConfigurationConfiguration

FileFile

Operating Operating SystemsSystems

IInntteerrffaacceess

Router#show interfacesRouter#show interfaces

Router#show memRouter#show ip routeRouter#show memRouter#show ip route

Router#show flashRouter#show flash

Router#show startup-configRouter#show startup-config

Router#show running-configRouter#show running-config

Router#show processes CPURouter#show protocolsRouter#show processes CPURouter#show protocols

Router#show versionRouter#show version

Creating a Software Image Backup

wg_ro_a#copy flash tftpSource filename []? c2500-js-l_120-3.binAddress or name of remote host []? 10.1.1.1Destination filename [c2500-js-l_120-3.bin]? !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<output omitted>10084696 bytes copied in 709.228 secs (14223 bytes/sec)wg_ro_a#

Networkserver

FLASHFLASH

copy flash tftp

Upgrading the Image from the Net

wg_ro_a#copy tftp flashAddress or name of remote host [10.1.1.1]? Source filename []? c2500-js-l_120-3.binDestination filename [c2500-js-l_120-3.bin]? Accessing tftp://10.1.1.1/c2500-js-l_120-3.bin...Erase flash: before copying? [confirm]Erasing the flash filesystem will remove all files! Continue? [confirm]Erasing device... eeeee (output omitted) ...erasedErase of flash: completeLoading c2500-js-l_120-3.bin from 10.1.1.1 (via Ethernet0): !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!(output omitted)[OK - 10084696/20168704 bytes]Verifying checksum... OK (0x9AA0)10084696 bytes copied in 309.108 secs (32636 bytes/sec)wg_ro_a#

Networkserver

FLASHFLASH

External Configuration Sources

Console Port

Auxiliary Port

Interfaces

VirtualTerminals

VTY 0 4

TFTP Server

Network ManagementStation

Initializing a Router

POSTPOST

Run RXBoot Image

Run RXBoot Image

CheckConfigReg

Enter ROMMonitor Mode

Enter ROMMonitor Mode

Load IOSSubset

Load IOSSubset

Load from TFTP ServerLoad from

TFTP Server

Load IOSLoad IOS

Load IOSSubset

Load IOSSubset

Load from ROM

Load from ROM

Load from Flash

Load from Flash

ReadNVRAM

Initializing a Router

Can I find it?

Is there a

configuration file?

Yes

No

TFTPServer YesWhere is

it?

Load configuration

file

Load configuration

file

NVRAMLoad alternate configuration

file

RunAutoInstall

RunAutoInstall

NoSetupModeSetupMode

Router Modes

Privileged EXEC ModeDetailed examination of router. Debugging and testing. File manipulation. Remote access.

Router#

Router>

User EXEC ModeLimited examination of router. Remote access.

Global Configuration ModeCommands that affect the system as a whole.

Router>

User EXEC Mode

Limited examination of router. Remote access.

Privileged EXEC Mode

Detailed examination of router. Debugging and testing. File manipulation. Remote access.Router#

Used if the operating system does notexist in Flash or the boot sequence was interrupted during startup.

ROM Monitor Mode

> or rommon>

Prompted dialog used to establish an initial configuration.

RXBoot Mode

Boot helper software which helps the router boot when it cannot find a valid Cisco IOS image in Flash memory.Router<boot>

Router(config)#

Complex and multiline configurations.Other Configuration Modes

Router(config - mode)#

Overview of Router Modes

Router(config)#

Router>

Router#

Other configuration modes

Exit

Ctrl-Z (end)

Configuration Mode Prompt

Interface Router(config-if)#Subinterface Router(config-subif)#Controller Router(config-controller)#Line Router(config-line)#Router Router(config-router)#IPX-router Router(config-ipx-router)#Route-map Router(config-route-map)#

Configuring Router Identification

Router NameRouter(config)#hostname P1R1

P1R1#

Message of the Day BannerP1R1(config)#banner motd #

Accounting Department You have entered a secured system. Authorized access only! #

Interface DescriptionP1R1(config)#interface ethernet 0P1R1(config-if)#description Engineering LAN, Bldg. 18

Password Configuration

Router(config)#line console 0Router(config-line)#loginRouter(config-line)#password cisco

Console Password

Virtual Terminal Password

Router(config)#line vty 0 4Router(config-line)#login Router(config-line)#password sanjose

Enable Password

Router(config)#enable password cisco

Secret Password

Router(config)#enable secret sanfran

Configuring an Interface

Router(config)#interface type numberRouter(config-if)#

• type includes serial, ethernet, token ring, fddi, hssi, loopback, dialer, null, async, atm, bri, and tunnel

• number is used to identify individual interfaces

Router(config-if)#exit

Quit from current interface configuration mode

Router(config)#interface type slot/portRouter(config-if)#

• For the Cisco 7000 and 7200 series routers

Router#show interface serial 1

Serial1 is up, line protocol is up

Hardware is cxBus Serial Description: 56Kb Line San Jose - MP :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: ::

Interface Status

Operational..................Connection Problem...Interface Problem........Disabled ......................

Serial1 is up, line protocol is upSerial1 is up, line protocol is downSerial1 is down, line protocol is downSerial1 is administratively down, line protocol is down

KeepalivesCarrier Detect

Configuring a Serial Line

• Enter global

configuration mode

• Specify interface

• Set DCE clock rate

(optional)

• Set bandwidth (optional)

Router(config-if)#clock rate 56000Router(config-if)#

Router(config)#interface serial 1Router(config-if)#

Router#configure termRouter(config)#

Router(config-if)#bandwidth 56Router(config-if)#exitRouter(config)#exitRouter#

Locating the Cisco IOS Software

ROM monitorROM monitor

Router#configure terminalRouter(config)#boot system flash IOS_filenameRouter(config)#boot system tftp IOS_filename tftp_addressRouter(config)#boot system rom[Ctrl-Z]Router#copy running-config startup-config

Router#configure terminalRouter(config)#boot system flash IOS_filenameRouter(config)#boot system tftp IOS_filename tftp_addressRouter(config)#boot system rom[Ctrl-Z]Router#copy running-config startup-config

Boot system commands not found In NVRAMBoot system commands not found In NVRAM

Get default Cisco IOS software from FlashGet default Cisco IOS software from Flash

Flash memory emptyFlash memory empty

Get default Cisco IOS software from TFTP serverGet default Cisco IOS software from TFTP server

Boot System Options in Software

Router#configure terminalRouter(config)#boot system flash c2500-js-l [Ctrl-Z]Router#copy running-config startup-config

Flash

NetworkRouter#configure terminalRouter(config)#boot system tftp test.exe 172.16.13.111[Ctrl-Z]Router#copy running-config startup-config

ROMRouter#configure terminalRouter(config)#boot system rom[Ctrl-Z]Router#copy running-config startup-config

Locating the Cisco IOS Software

...

Router#show version

IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-JS-L), Version 11.2 (6), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)Copyright (c) 1986-1997 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Tue 06-May-97 16:17 by kuongImage text-base: 0x0303ED8C, data-base: 0x00001000

ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 5.2(8a), RELEASE SOFTWAREROM: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-RXBOOT), version 10.2 (8a), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1) Router uptime is 21 hours, 13 minutesSystem restarted by reloadSystem image file is "flash:c2500-js-l.112-6.bin", booted via flash

Configuration register is 0x2102

Verifying Available Memory

Router#show flash

System flash directory:File Length Name/status 1 7871172 c2500-js-l.112-6.bin

[7871236 bytes used, 517372 available, 8388608 total]8192K bytes of processor board System flash (Read ONLY)

Using Enhanced Editing Commands

(Automatic scrolling of long lines).

<Ctrl-A> Move to the beginning of the command line.

<Ctrl-E> Move to the end of the command line.

<Esc-B> Move back one word.

<Ctrl-F> Move forward one character.

<Ctrl-B> Move back one character.

<Esc-F> Move forward one word.

<Ctrl-D> Delete a single character.

5 장 문제 풀이

5 장 문제 풀이

5 장 문제 풀이

5 장 문제 풀이

5 장 문제 풀이

5 장 문제 풀이

5 장 문제 풀이

5 장 문제 풀이

RouterA#sh ip protocolsRouting Protocol is "rip" Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 0 seconds Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240 Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is Redistributing: rip Default version control: send version 1, receive any version Interface Send Recv Key-chain Ethernet0 1 1 2 Serial2 1 1 2 Routing for Networks: 10.0.0.0 172.16.0.0 Routing Information Sources: Gateway Distance Last Update 10.1.1.2 120 00:00:10 Distance: (default is 120)