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1SANS Technology Institute - Candidate for Master of Science Degree 1
Automating Crosswalk between SP 800, 20 Critical Controls, and Australian Government DSD’s 35
Mitigating Strategies
Ahmed Abdel-Aziz and Robert Sorensen
February, 2012
SANS Technology Institute
M.Sc. in Information Security Engineering
Objective
Provide guidance that GIAC Enterprises can use to be in compliance with the most recognized information security frameworks…• NIST SP 800 Documents
• SANS’ Consensus Audit Guidelines (CAG)
• Australian Government Defence Signals Directorate’s (DSD) top 35 Strategies
…while looking for opportunities to automate controls and provide information back to management in a meaningful format.
SP 800, 20 Critical Controls, and DSD’s 35 Mitigating Strategies
• Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA) – authorized by Title III of E-Government Act of 2002.
• National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) tasked to develop, document, and implement security standards (FISMA Implementation Project)
• Special Publication (SP) 800-53
• Federal Information Process Standard (FIPS) 200
• SANS’, US defense base, federal agencies, and private organizations defined most critical controls to protect information and information systems.
• Consensus Audit Guidelines – 20 Critical controls
• Australian Government Defence Signals Directorate
• DSD’s Top 35 Mitigating Strategies
SP 800, 20 Critical Controls, and DSD’s 35 Mitigating Strategies
The SANS’ 20 Critical Controls are meant to reinforce and prioritize some of the most important elements of the guidelines, standards, and requirements put forth in other US government documentation, such as NIST Special Publication 800-53 .
These guidelines do not conflict with such recommendations. In fact, the guidelines set forth are a proper subset of the recommendations of NIST SP 800-53, designed so that organizations can focus on a specific set of actions associated with current threats and computer attacks they face every day.
The DSD’s 35 Mitigating Strategies focus on individual tasks organizations can undertake to improve their security stance. They are a focused subset of the 20 Critical Controls.
APT-Focused Security Strategy
Risk-Based Approach
• Initially implement subset of 20 Critical Controls to address GIAC Enterprises’ highest risks first (APT-related risks)
• “Offense informs defense” concept suggests that 4 controls are best geared to address APT-related risks
• Controlled Access based on the Need-to-Know (Control 15)• Continuous Vulnerability Assessment and Remediation
(Control 4)• Malware Defenses (Control 5)• Data Loss Prevention (DLP) (Control 17)
Automation Approach: Controls 15 & 17
(Focus on the Data)
Credit card dataPrivacy data (PII)Health care information
Sensitive Regulatory Data
Intellectual propertyFinancial informationTrade secrets
Sensitive Corporate Data
Control Data-at-Rest Control Data-in-Motion Control Data-in-Use
Automation Approach: Controls 15 & 17
(Automating Data Classification and Policy Definition)
Step 1Identify files & set business rules
+
Step 2Create DLP Policy &check for feasibility
Step 3DLP Policy is routed for approval
Step 4Approved DLP policy
End Users
DLP Admin
Business Managers
Policy applied across the organization
Automation Approach: Controls 15 & 17
(Automating the Control of Data-in-Motion)
Risk Across: web protocols, e-mails, IM, generic TCP/IP
protocols
DISCOVER(Data-in-Motion)
EDUCATE(Data-in-Motion)
ENFORCE(Data-in-Motion)
Process to Reach Automation (Data-in-Motion)
?RISK
TIME
Understand Risk Reduce Risk
Users Just-in-TimeEncryption, Blocking,
etc.
(Monitor Only) (Monitor &
Educate)(Automate Action)
Automation Approach: Controls 15 & 17
(Automating the Control of Data-at-Rest)
Data Loss Prevention (DLP
SharePoint
Databases
Endpoints
NAS/SAN
File Servers
Risk Remediation Manager (RRM)
File Activity Tools
GRC Systems
Apply DRM
Encrypt
Delete / Shred
Change Permissions
Policy Exception
Business Users
Discover Sensitive Data Manage Remediation Workflow
Apply Controls
Automation Approach: Controls 4 & 5(Prevention and Mitigation of APTs/Understanding the Attack
Vector)
Automation Approach: Controls 4 & 5(Risk Assessment/Continuous Monitoring)
Risk Assessment Vulnerability Scanning
Automation Approach: Controls 4 & 5(Automating Continuous Vulnerability Assessment and
Remediation)
Automation Approach: Controls 4 & 5(Automating Continuous Monitoring of Malware
and Malware Callbacks)
Reducing risk of data loss through malware infections•Implement basic and necessary malware protection – HIPS, AV, AntiSpam, etc.
•Train and educate users concerning social engineering tactics.
•Use of advanced technology – Virtual inspection of executable malware in real-time to identify and block command and control communications.
Recommended Action Plan
1) Conduct gap assessment to compare GIAC
Enterprises’s current security stance to detailed critical controls
2) Implement “quick win” critical controls to address gaps
3) Implement controls numbers 4 & 5 using previous automation approaches
4) Implement controls numbers 15 & 17 using previous automation approaches
5) Analyze and understand how remaining controls (beyond quck wins, and controls 4, 5, 15, 17) can be deployed
6) Plan for deployment, over the longer term, of the “advanced controls”, giving priority to controls 4, 5, 15, 17