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SCIENCES, SCIENCES, TECHNOLOGY and TECHNOLOGY and

MEDICINE MEDICINE

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•Biomedical revolution

- Medical Medical revolutionrevolution

- Biological Biological revolutionrevolution•Social revolution :

Autonomy Autonomy

Human rightsHuman rights

Balanced by Balanced by devotion to devotion to religionreligion

BIOETHICSBIOETHICS

•Side effect of medical revolution :

empowerment of scientistempowerment of scientist

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- Resuscitation- Respirator technology- Dialysis- Organ Transplants

Science and technologyScience and technology

- By pass surgery- Cornea

transplant

•Prolonging lifeProlonging life

•Quality of lifeQuality of life

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•TechnologyTechnology Should be regulated to

prevent disasters (assisted production,

gene therapy)•BioethicsBioethics encompasses the full spectrum

of ethical issues in the life sciences, health

and health care

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BioethicsBioethics

•ResponsibilityResponsibility of philosophers

•Secure lifeSecure life on earth

•improve qualityimprove quality of life

•by establishing rulesby establishing rules and regulationsregulations

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Technological revolutionTechnological revolution

in medicine in medicine

Artificial insemination

•Assisted reproductionAssisted reproduction : increase possibility

of conception

IVFIVF and ETET GiftGift and ZiftZift

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Organ TransplantsOrgan Transplants

•Prolong life or improve quality of life

KidneyKidney KorneaKornea HeartHeart SkinSkin

LiverLiver Bone Bone

marrowmarrow Foetal brain Foetal brain tissuetissue

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•FruitsFruits & VegetablesVegetables•CloningCloning (asexual reproduction)•Humanity improvement :

•Somatic cells

•Gene therapy

•Seeds cells

•Eugenetics

Genetic EngineeringGenetic Engineering

PhysicalPhysical (athlete) MentalMental (smart)

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RESPIRATORRESPIRATOR

• Vegetative lifeVegetative life

• Life maintenanceLife maintenance

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HumanityHumanity

•MoralMoralityity

ValueValuess

behaviorbehaviorethicsethics

•Humanity Humanity is the basis of morality

•MoralityMorality : everything that increases humanity

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•EthicsEthics may guide human behavior based on

determination of what is right and what is wrong

based on values and principles that exist at certain

moments of time

•Life - qualityLife - quality of life•Risk approach strategyRisk approach strategy•AnencephalyAnencephaly

EthicsEthics

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EthicsEthics usually chooses a central theme :

- hedonism- collective - duty- nature (character)

Ethics discusses competing values and Ethics discusses competing values and select the most urgent one select the most urgent one ( for ( for

a certain condition )a certain condition )

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•In lifeIn life, some things are important and valuable :

Health, life, justice, honesty, sincerity•Value of behaviorValue of behavior :

- LoyaltyLoyalty --- keep promises, respect for friendship

- JusticeJustice --- to give what is the right of others

- HonestyHonesty --- not to lie

- TruthTruth

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Basic ValuesBasic Values

•Respect for lifelife•Respect for human human

dignitydignity•Respect for childrenchildren ( future generation )•Integrity of the

familyfamily•Guarantee the welfare of welfare of futurefuturegenerationsgenerations (ecology)

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Competing ValuesCompeting Values

LifeLife - Quality of life

Individual healthIndividual health - community health

Parental rightsParental rights - foetal rights

JusticeJustice - risk approach strategy

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Ethical aspectsEthical aspects

•PhilosophicalPhilosophical (reasoning)

•TheologicalTheological (farth)

•Socio culturalSocio cultural (extraditions, customs)

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Norm : translation of a value in Norm : translation of a value in every days lifeevery days life

•LifeLife : you shall not hill•HonestHonest : always tell the truth

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Development of Moral VisionDevelopment of Moral Vision

•Autonomy of Autonomy of patients :patients :

- informed consent

- Second opinion

•Justice :Justice :

- Risk approach strategy

- Individual >< collective

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BioethicsBioethics is not the is not the

domain ofdomain of

one profession, it is the one profession, it is the

concernconcern

of all schools of of all schools of

philosophersphilosophers

national as well as national as well as

internationalinternational

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• Is donation of sperm ethicalethical ?

• For how long should sperm be preservedpreserved ?

• Should a sperm donor be knownbe known to the

receiver or his child ?

HIGH TECHNOLOGY AND HIGH TECHNOLOGY AND ETHICAL PROBLEMS :ETHICAL PROBLEMS :

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IVF, GIFT dan ZIFTIVF, GIFT dan ZIFT

• For how long should zygote be preservedpreserved ?• Unused zygotes when discarded is similar to abortionabortion ? • When does pregnancypregnancy begin• ReductionReduction of embryos• Which combination is ethical

• ovaova• spermsperm• wombwomb

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• Organ transplantationOrgan transplantation :

Living donors ; compensation for

organs, murder, moment of death.

• Respirator : when to stopRespirator : when to stop

• Euthanasia Euthanasia

• AbortionAbortion

• Right of the fetusRight of the fetus

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TERIMA TERIMA KASIHKASIH