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SECURITY OF OUR FOOD SUPPLY

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Steven C SeidemanSteven C Seideman

Extension Food Processing SpecialistExtension Food Processing Specialist

Cooperative Extension ServiceCooperative Extension Service

University of ArkansasUniversity of Arkansas

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Photo courtesy of USDA

3Photo courtesy of USDA

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SECURITY OF OUR FOOD SUPPLY

The security of our food supply is of paramount The security of our food supply is of paramount importance.importance.

This instructional series deals with tampering or This instructional series deals with tampering or other malicious, criminal or terrorists actions to other malicious, criminal or terrorists actions to our food supply.our food supply.

For the purpose of brevity, let’s consider these as For the purpose of brevity, let’s consider these as acts of terrorism and that terrorism refers to acts acts of terrorism and that terrorism refers to acts by persons or organizations of either national or by persons or organizations of either national or international origins.international origins.

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Demographics of Food

Prior to and during the great depression, Prior to and during the great depression, 95% of Americans lived on farms and could 95% of Americans lived on farms and could raise their own food.raise their own food.

Now, less than 1% of the population lives Now, less than 1% of the population lives on farms. This means that 99% of on farms. This means that 99% of Americans depend on agriculture and food Americans depend on agriculture and food manufacturers and distributors for their manufacturers and distributors for their food supplyfood supply

7Photo courtesy of USDA

8Photo courtesy of USDA

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Trust

Not only do Americans depend on rural Not only do Americans depend on rural agriculture, food manufacturers and distributors agriculture, food manufacturers and distributors for their food supply but they trust that it will be for their food supply but they trust that it will be safe, nutritious, abundant and an economical safe, nutritious, abundant and an economical value.value.

Since the vast majority of Americans are Since the vast majority of Americans are dependent of our food supply, it makes our food dependent of our food supply, it makes our food supply an excellent target for certain groups to supply an excellent target for certain groups to promote their agenda by terrorism.promote their agenda by terrorism.

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Terrorism

Defined as “The use of terror, violence and Defined as “The use of terror, violence and intimidation to achieve an end”.intimidation to achieve an end”.

There are certain groups both domestic and There are certain groups both domestic and international who believe so strongly in international who believe so strongly in their cause that they use unscrupulous their cause that they use unscrupulous methods to instill fear in their opponents methods to instill fear in their opponents making them more agreeable to their way of making them more agreeable to their way of thinking.thinking.

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Why Bioterrorism?

The use of biological agents on humans, livestock The use of biological agents on humans, livestock and plants to instill terror in their opponents is not and plants to instill terror in their opponents is not new.new.

Most discussions on terrorism to date have Most discussions on terrorism to date have centered on humans but using livestock and plants centered on humans but using livestock and plants and the food produced from them is not only and the food produced from them is not only possible but has been used in the past.possible but has been used in the past.

Bioterrorism has been referred to as “the poor Bioterrorism has been referred to as “the poor man’s nuclear arsenal”.man’s nuclear arsenal”.

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HISTORY OF BIOLOGICAL WARFARE

Ancient Scythians dipped arrows in manure.Ancient Scythians dipped arrows in manure. Assyrians used ergot of rye in enemy wells.Assyrians used ergot of rye in enemy wells. In 1346, (Siege of Kaffa) the Tartar army hurled In 1346, (Siege of Kaffa) the Tartar army hurled

corpses of soldiers who died of plaque into the city.corpses of soldiers who died of plaque into the city. In the 15In the 15thth century, Pizzaro used Vaiola contaminated century, Pizzaro used Vaiola contaminated

clothing to kill South American Indians.clothing to kill South American Indians. During the French and Indian War, smallpox -During the French and Indian War, smallpox -

contaminated blankets were given to the Indians by contaminated blankets were given to the Indians by the English.the English.

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Recent Bioterrorism

During WW I, German secret agents During WW I, German secret agents introduced glanders to horse populations in introduced glanders to horse populations in New York and Virginia. They also New York and Virginia. They also attempted to introduce anthrax to horses attempted to introduce anthrax to horses and mules in Maryland. In addition, they and mules in Maryland. In addition, they used a combination of glanders and anthrax used a combination of glanders and anthrax on horses, mules, cattle, sheep and reindeer on horses, mules, cattle, sheep and reindeer in Norway, Romania, France, Spain and in Norway, Romania, France, Spain and Argentina.Argentina.

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Recent Bioterrorism

During WW II, the Germans continued to develop During WW II, the Germans continued to develop biological agents for use against livestock as well biological agents for use against livestock as well as humans.as humans.

The British made anthrax cakes to drop on The British made anthrax cakes to drop on German cattle.German cattle.

The US and Canada developed feather bombs The US and Canada developed feather bombs laced with hog cholera and Newcastle virus for laced with hog cholera and Newcastle virus for poultry for use on German livestock.poultry for use on German livestock.

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Recent Bioterrorism

In 1992, a year after the collapse of the Soviet In 1992, a year after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia admitted to a program code-named Union, Russia admitted to a program code-named “Ecology” that produced biological agents aimed “Ecology” that produced biological agents aimed specifically at livestock, poultry and plants that specifically at livestock, poultry and plants that employed tens of thousands of people in at least 8 employed tens of thousands of people in at least 8 separate production plants.separate production plants.

Animal weapons included foot and mouth disease, Animal weapons included foot and mouth disease, rinderpest, classical swine fever (hog cholera), rinderpest, classical swine fever (hog cholera), African swine fever and sheep and goat pox African swine fever and sheep and goat pox viruses.viruses.

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Recent Bioterrorism

After the fall of the Soviet Union, some After the fall of the Soviet Union, some scientists went to the United States, Great scientists went to the United States, Great Britain and other European countries.Britain and other European countries.

But others ended up in Iraq and other But others ended up in Iraq and other decidedly “unfriendly” countries.decidedly “unfriendly” countries.

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American Life Changes Forever

With the bombings at Kenya, Tanzania, and With the bombings at Kenya, Tanzania, and other terrorists acts ultimately leading up to other terrorists acts ultimately leading up to the World Trade Center and Pentagon the World Trade Center and Pentagon attacks of September 11, 2001, the free life attacks of September 11, 2001, the free life style we enjoy came to an end.style we enjoy came to an end.

Although we cannot allow terrorism to Although we cannot allow terrorism to totally control our lives, we must become totally control our lives, we must become vigilant of the possibilities that exist.vigilant of the possibilities that exist.

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A Real Bioterrorist Attack

What would happen if there was a real bioterrorist What would happen if there was a real bioterrorist attack on our food supply?;attack on our food supply?;

1)The export market would collapse.1)The export market would collapse.

2)Food processing plants would close.2)Food processing plants would close.

3)Growers wouldn’t be able to sell their produce.3)Growers wouldn’t be able to sell their produce.

4)Food companies would institute massive layoffs4)Food companies would institute massive layoffs

5)Numerous retail grocery stores would close5)Numerous retail grocery stores would close

6)Stocks would fall6)Stocks would fall

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Terrorist’s Attack

Those things could “theoretically” happen Those things could “theoretically” happen but if we proactively think and plan for the but if we proactively think and plan for the possibility that it will, the effects will be possibility that it will, the effects will be minimized.minimized.

Remember that the goal of terrorism is to Remember that the goal of terrorism is to instill fear. The actual effects of a terrorists’ instill fear. The actual effects of a terrorists’ act are usually far less than the paralyzing act are usually far less than the paralyzing effects of fear itself.effects of fear itself.

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Why Bioterrorism

Poor man’s nuclear arsenalPoor man’s nuclear arsenal Used against living organismsUsed against living organisms

PlantsPlants AnimalsAnimals

Discussions have been primarily centered Discussions have been primarily centered around humans around humans

Why not against livestockWhy not against livestock

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Agricultural Producers

The producers of all livestock, poultry and crops The producers of all livestock, poultry and crops should be aware of what to do if a disease breaks should be aware of what to do if a disease breaks out whether it be a natural case or one initiated by out whether it be a natural case or one initiated by an act of terrorism. The key words of action are;an act of terrorism. The key words of action are;

*PREVENT*PREVENT

*RESPOND*RESPOND

*MINIMIZE THE ADVERSE EFFECTS*MINIMIZE THE ADVERSE EFFECTS

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PREVENT

Always do what you can to prevent a Always do what you can to prevent a natural disease from occurring and note natural disease from occurring and note any suspicious activity in your area by any suspicious activity in your area by unknown people.unknown people.

In the past, agricultural producers have been In the past, agricultural producers have been extremely good at this.extremely good at this.

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RESPOND TO

If a disease breaks out, respond to it quickly and If a disease breaks out, respond to it quickly and methodically.methodically.

The faster a producer responds to a crisis, the The faster a producer responds to a crisis, the lesser the effects will be.lesser the effects will be.

Contact your local Cooperative Extension agent. Contact your local Cooperative Extension agent. They have a list of veterinarians and crop They have a list of veterinarians and crop specialists who can diagnose the problem and can specialists who can diagnose the problem and can mobilize all the necessary agencies necessary to mobilize all the necessary agencies necessary to contain the spread.contain the spread.

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MINIMIZE THE ADVERSE EFFECTS

Once the disease has been diagnosed, the Once the disease has been diagnosed, the Cooperative Extension Service agent should let Cooperative Extension Service agent should let you know what to do to prevent the spread of the you know what to do to prevent the spread of the disease.disease.

We have all recently seen diseases such as mad-We have all recently seen diseases such as mad-cow in Great Britain, various forms of poultry cow in Great Britain, various forms of poultry diseases and hoof and mouth in other countries diseases and hoof and mouth in other countries and how they contained/eliminated the disease to and how they contained/eliminated the disease to minimize the spread.minimize the spread.

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Our Food Supply Channel

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Photo courtesy of USDA

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Our Food Supply Chain

Up to this point, we have covered the importance Up to this point, we have covered the importance of guarding our food supply chain, the history of of guarding our food supply chain, the history of bioterrorism and what the agricultural producer bioterrorism and what the agricultural producer community can to to respond to a biological crisis, community can to to respond to a biological crisis, either instigated by nature or bioterrorists.either instigated by nature or bioterrorists.

We will now go to the next step of protecting our We will now go to the next step of protecting our food supply chain from the food processor to the food supply chain from the food processor to the consumer..consumer..

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FDA GUIDELINES

The FDA has recently issued guidelines for The FDA has recently issued guidelines for various elements of the food supply chain.various elements of the food supply chain.

These guidelines are available on line at the These guidelines are available on line at the following websites.following websites.

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Food Processors

Food Producers, Processors and Food Producers, Processors and Transporters; Food Security Preventative Transporters; Food Security Preventative Measures Guidance;Measures Guidance;

www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/secguid6.html.www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/secguid6.html.

40Photo courtesy of USDA

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Food Importers

Importers and Filers: Food Security Importers and Filers: Food Security Preventative Measures Guidance.Preventative Measures Guidance.

www.cfsan.fda.goc/~dma/secguid7.htmlwww.cfsan.fda.goc/~dma/secguid7.html

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Retail Food Stores & Restaurants

Retail Food Stores and Food Service Retail Food Stores and Food Service Establishments; Food Security Preventative Establishments; Food Security Preventative Measures Guidance;Measures Guidance;

www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/secguid5.htmlwww.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/secguid5.html

44Photo courtesy of USDA

45Photo courtesy of National Restaurant Assoc

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FDA GUIDANCE

Depending on your business, we suggest that Depending on your business, we suggest that someone from every company have one someone from every company have one designated person obtain a copy of the appropriate designated person obtain a copy of the appropriate guidance document, study it and make guidance document, study it and make recommendations to implement the suggestions recommendations to implement the suggestions that are pertinent to their business.that are pertinent to their business.

The FDA only published these as “guidelines” to The FDA only published these as “guidelines” to help the food industry. They are only for guidance help the food industry. They are only for guidance and are not legally binding.and are not legally binding.

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GUIDANCE

The guidance in the next few pages The guidance in the next few pages identifies the kinds of preventative identifies the kinds of preventative measures operators of food processing measures operators of food processing establishments may take to minimize the establishments may take to minimize the risk that food under their control will not be risk that food under their control will not be subject to tampering or other malicious, subject to tampering or other malicious, criminal, or terrorist action. It is relevant to criminal, or terrorist action. It is relevant to all sectors of the food system.all sectors of the food system.

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Guidance

The FDA encourages operators of food The FDA encourages operators of food processing establishments to review their processing establishments to review their current procedures and controls in light of current procedures and controls in light of the potential for tampering or other the potential for tampering or other malicious, criminal or terrorist actions and malicious, criminal or terrorist actions and make appropriate improvements.make appropriate improvements.

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Guidance

The FDA recommends that operators The FDA recommends that operators consider the goal of each preventative consider the goal of each preventative measure, assess whether the goal is relevant measure, assess whether the goal is relevant to their operation and , if it is , design an to their operation and , if it is , design an approach that is both efficient and effective approach that is both efficient and effective to accomplish the goal under the operator’s to accomplish the goal under the operator’s conditions of operation.conditions of operation.

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Trade Associations

It may be relevant for food processors to look to It may be relevant for food processors to look to their respective trade associations for further their respective trade associations for further guidance. Some trade associations have already guidance. Some trade associations have already developed food security guidance that is developed food security guidance that is appropriately focused for that specific industry. appropriately focused for that specific industry. For example, The International Dairy Food For example, The International Dairy Food Association has developed a food security Association has developed a food security guidance document as an aid to the dairy industry.guidance document as an aid to the dairy industry.

51Photo courtesy of National Restaurant Assoc

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Food Processor Guidance

Since most of the guidances offered by the Since most of the guidances offered by the FDA are similar, we will only go through FDA are similar, we will only go through the food processor guidance so you can the food processor guidance so you can obtain a feel for the types of procedures one obtain a feel for the types of procedures one should consider.should consider.

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Guidance

The guidance is divided into 5 sections The guidance is divided into 5 sections related to individual components of a food related to individual components of a food establishment;establishment;

*Management*Management *Human element-staff*Human element-staff *Human element-public*Human element-public *Facility*Facility *Operations*Operations

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MANAGEMENT

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MANAGEMENT

Prepare for the possibility of Prepare for the possibility of tampering/terrorism acts;tampering/terrorism acts;

1)Assign responsibility for security to a 1)Assign responsibility for security to a knowledgeable individual.knowledgeable individual.

2)Conduct an initial assessment of food 2)Conduct an initial assessment of food security procedures and operations.security procedures and operations.

3)Develop a security management strategy 3)Develop a security management strategy to prepare for tampering/terrorist acts.to prepare for tampering/terrorist acts.

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Management

4)Plan for emergency evacuation.4)Plan for emergency evacuation. 5)Maintain floor or flow plans in a secure, off-site 5)Maintain floor or flow plans in a secure, off-site

location.location. 6)Become familiar with the emergency response 6)Become familiar with the emergency response

system in your community.system in your community. 7)Make management aware of 24 hour contact 7)Make management aware of 24 hour contact

information for local, state and federal police, fire, information for local, state and federal police, fire, rescue and Homeland security.rescue and Homeland security.

8)Who in management should be alerted about 8)Who in management should be alerted about potential security problems?.potential security problems?.

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Management

9)Promote food security awareness to 9)Promote food security awareness to employees to alert staff of suspicious employees to alert staff of suspicious activity.activity.

10)Have an internal communication system 10)Have an internal communication system to inform and update staff on security to inform and update staff on security issues.issues.

11)Have a strategy to communicate with the 11)Have a strategy to communicate with the public-press releases, spokesperson etc.public-press releases, spokesperson etc.

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Management

Supervision;Supervision; 1)Provide appropriate supervision to all 1)Provide appropriate supervision to all

staff, janitorial services, contract workers staff, janitorial services, contract workers etc.etc.

2)Conduct routine security checks of the 2)Conduct routine security checks of the premises to include production lines, premises to include production lines, telephone and computer systems, etc. for telephone and computer systems, etc. for signs of tampering/terrorists acts and areas signs of tampering/terrorists acts and areas that may be vulnerable to such actions.that may be vulnerable to such actions.

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Management

*Recall Strategy*Recall Strategy

1)Identify a person responsible and a back-1)Identify a person responsible and a back-up.up.

2)Provide for a total recall plan.2)Provide for a total recall plan.

3)Identify customer contacts and all 3)Identify customer contacts and all emergency telephone numbers.emergency telephone numbers.

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Management

Investigation of Suspicious ActivityInvestigation of Suspicious Activity

1)Investigate threats and information about 1)Investigate threats and information about signs pointing toward tampering/terrorists signs pointing toward tampering/terrorists activities.activities.

2)Alert appropriate law enforcement and 2)Alert appropriate law enforcement and public health officials about threats and public health officials about threats and suspicious activity.suspicious activity.

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Management

Evaluation ProgramEvaluation Program 1)Evaluate lessons learned from previous 1)Evaluate lessons learned from previous

experiences in this area.experiences in this area. 2)Review and verify, at least annually, the 2)Review and verify, at least annually, the

effectiveness of the security management system effectiveness of the security management system (e.g. do mock recalls and simulated terrorists acts).(e.g. do mock recalls and simulated terrorists acts).

3)Perform random food security inspections of all 3)Perform random food security inspections of all appropriate areas of the facility.appropriate areas of the facility.

4)Verify that security contractors are doing the 4)Verify that security contractors are doing the appropriate job.appropriate job.

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Human Element-Staff

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Human Element-Staff

Screening-Screen pre-hire, at hiring and Screening-Screen pre-hire, at hiring and post-hire .post-hire .

1)Examine the background of all staff 1)Examine the background of all staff including part-time, contract labor, seasonal including part-time, contract labor, seasonal etc etc

2)Screening must be applied equally to all 2)Screening must be applied equally to all staff, regardless of race, national origin, staff, regardless of race, national origin, religion and citizenship/immigration status.religion and citizenship/immigration status.

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Human Element-Staff

*Daily work assignments*Daily work assignments

1)Know who is and who should be on 1)Know who is and who should be on premises, where they are located and on premises, where they are located and on what shifts.what shifts.

2)Keep information updated on personnel.2)Keep information updated on personnel.

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Human Element-Staff

IdentificationIdentification

*Develop a system of positive identification *Develop a system of positive identification for the workforce and collect the uniforms, for the workforce and collect the uniforms, name tags and ID card or badge when an name tags and ID card or badge when an employee is no longer employed .employee is no longer employed .

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Human Element-Staff

Restricted AccessRestricted Access

1)Identify staff who require unlimited access 1)Identify staff who require unlimited access to all areas of the facility.to all areas of the facility.

2)Limit access to staff of only those areas 2)Limit access to staff of only those areas they need to be in necessary to perform they need to be in necessary to perform their job functions.their job functions.

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Human Element-Staff

Personal Items;Personal Items; 1)Restrict the type of personal items allowed in 1)Restrict the type of personal items allowed in

establishment.establishment. 2)Prevent staff from bringing personal items 2)Prevent staff from bringing personal items

(lunch containers, purses etc) into food handling (lunch containers, purses etc) into food handling and storage areas.and storage areas.

3)Provide regular inspection of contents of staff 3)Provide regular inspection of contents of staff lockers and vehicles when on company property .lockers and vehicles when on company property .

(Check state and local code for legality first).(Check state and local code for legality first).

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Human Element-Staff

Training in Food Security Procedures;Training in Food Security Procedures;

1)Incorporate food safety awareness training 1)Incorporate food safety awareness training into other staff training programs.into other staff training programs.

2)Provide periodic reminders to staff of food 2)Provide periodic reminders to staff of food security procedures.security procedures.

3)Encourage all staff support3)Encourage all staff support

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Human Element-Staff

Unusual BehaviorUnusual Behavior

1)Watch staff for unusual behavior such as 1)Watch staff for unusual behavior such as working odd hours, accessing working odd hours, accessing files/information/ areas outside their area of files/information/ areas outside their area of responsibility of work, removing documents responsibility of work, removing documents from the facility, asking unusual questions from the facility, asking unusual questions etcetc

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Human Element-Staff

Staff HealthStaff Health

*Be alert for atypical health conditions that *Be alert for atypical health conditions that staff may voluntarily report and absences staff may voluntarily report and absences that could be an indicator of tampering/ that could be an indicator of tampering/ terrorist actions.-e.g.numerous people terrorist actions.-e.g.numerous people complaining about similar symptoms in the complaining about similar symptoms in the same part of the plant.same part of the plant.

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Human Element-Public

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Human Element-Public

VisitorsVisitors 1)Inspect incoming and outgoing vehicles, 1)Inspect incoming and outgoing vehicles,

packages and briefcases for suspicious, packages and briefcases for suspicious, inappropriate or unusual items or activity.inappropriate or unusual items or activity.

2)Restrict entry into the establishment2)Restrict entry into the establishment 3)Ensure that there is a valid reason before 3)Ensure that there is a valid reason before

allowing visitors into the facility.allowing visitors into the facility. 4)Verify the identity of unknown visitors.4)Verify the identity of unknown visitors.

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Human Element-Public

5)Restrict access to food handling and 5)Restrict access to food handling and storage areasstorage areas

6)Restrict access to locker rooms.6)Restrict access to locker rooms.

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Facility

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Facility

Physical Security;Physical Security; 1)Protect perimeter access with fencing.1)Protect perimeter access with fencing. 2)Secure doors, windows, hatches, vent opening, 2)Secure doors, windows, hatches, vent opening,

ventilation systems, utility rooms, storage rooms, ventilation systems, utility rooms, storage rooms, trailer bodies, railcars, bulk storage tanks etc as trailer bodies, railcars, bulk storage tanks etc as appropriate.appropriate.

3)Restrict the number of entrances to restricted 3)Restrict the number of entrances to restricted areas.areas.

4)Account for all keys to the establishment.4)Account for all keys to the establishment.

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Facility

5)Monitor the security of the premises using 5)Monitor the security of the premises using appropriate methods-security patrols, appropriate methods-security patrols, surveillance cameras.surveillance cameras.

6)Provide for appropriate interior and 6)Provide for appropriate interior and exterior lighting.exterior lighting.

7)Keep parking areas separate from 7)Keep parking areas separate from entrances to food storage and processing entrances to food storage and processing areas.areas.

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Facility

*Laboratory Safety;*Laboratory Safety;

1)Restrict access to laboratories1)Restrict access to laboratories

2)Restrict laboratory materials to the laboratory2)Restrict laboratory materials to the laboratory

3)Investigate any missing reagents, positive controls 3)Investigate any missing reagents, positive controls and anything suspicious.and anything suspicious.

4)Dispose of unneeded reagents and bacteria plates 4)Dispose of unneeded reagents and bacteria plates in a manner that minimizes the risk that they be in a manner that minimizes the risk that they be used as a contaminant.used as a contaminant.

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Facility

Storage and use of poisonous and toxic chemicals.Storage and use of poisonous and toxic chemicals.

1)Limit the number of chemicals in storage to only 1)Limit the number of chemicals in storage to only what is needed to operate the facility.what is needed to operate the facility.

2)Store toxic and poisonous chemicals away from 2)Store toxic and poisonous chemicals away from food handling and storage areas.food handling and storage areas.

3)Limit access to chemicals to only those who use 3)Limit access to chemicals to only those who use them.them.

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Facility

4)Ensure that chemicals are properly labeled4)Ensure that chemicals are properly labeled

5)Investigate missing chemical stock and 5)Investigate missing chemical stock and irregularities outside the normal amounts irregularities outside the normal amounts used.used.

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OPERATIONS

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Operations

Incoming Materials and Contract Operations;Incoming Materials and Contract Operations;1)Use only licensed and reputable contract 1)Use only licensed and reputable contract

manufacturing and packaging operators and manufacturing and packaging operators and sources of incoming raw material, ingredients, sources of incoming raw material, ingredients, compressed gases, labels etc.compressed gases, labels etc.

2)Ensure that suppliers, contract operators and 2)Ensure that suppliers, contract operators and transporters use appropriate security measures.transporters use appropriate security measures.

3)Request locked and/or sealed vehicles, containers 3)Request locked and/or sealed vehicles, containers and railcars.and railcars.

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Operations

4)Establish delivery schedules and investigate 4)Establish delivery schedules and investigate unexplained and unscheduled deliveries and unexplained and unscheduled deliveries and drivers.drivers.

5)Supervise off-loading of incoming raw materials.5)Supervise off-loading of incoming raw materials.6)Investigate shipping documents with suspicious 6)Investigate shipping documents with suspicious

alterations.alterations.7)Inspect all incoming raw materials to include 7)Inspect all incoming raw materials to include

ingredients, packaging materials, product returns ingredients, packaging materials, product returns for signs of tampering, contamination and damage.for signs of tampering, contamination and damage.

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Storage

1)Have a system for receiving, storing and 1)Have a system for receiving, storing and handling distressed, damaged, returned and handling distressed, damaged, returned and rework products that minimizes their rework products that minimizes their potential for being compromised.potential for being compromised.

2)Keep track of incoming materials.2)Keep track of incoming materials.3)Investigate missing or extra stock or other 3)Investigate missing or extra stock or other

irregularities outside the normal range of irregularities outside the normal range of variability.variability.

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Security of Water and Utilities

1)Limit access to controls for airflow, water, 1)Limit access to controls for airflow, water, electricity and refrigeration.electricity and refrigeration.

2)Ensure that water systems are equipped 2)Ensure that water systems are equipped with backflow prevention.with backflow prevention.

3)Identify alternative sources of potable water 3)Identify alternative sources of potable water for use during emergency situations where for use during emergency situations where normal water systems have been normal water systems have been compromised.compromised.

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Finished Products

1)Ensure that public storage warehousing and 1)Ensure that public storage warehousing and shipping operations practice appropriate security shipping operations practice appropriate security measures.measures.

2)Conduct random inspection of storage facilities, 2)Conduct random inspection of storage facilities, vehicles and vessels.vehicles and vessels.

3)Request locked/sealed vehicles,containers and 3)Request locked/sealed vehicles,containers and railcars.railcars.

4)Establish scheduled pickups and not accepting 4)Establish scheduled pickups and not accepting unexplained, unscheduled pickupsunexplained, unscheduled pickups

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Finished Product

5)Develop a tracking system to monitor 5)Develop a tracking system to monitor finished product.finished product.

6)Advise sales staff to be on the lookout for 6)Advise sales staff to be on the lookout for counterfeit products or rumors of counterfeit products or rumors of tampering/ terrorists actions.tampering/ terrorists actions.

89Photo courtesy of USDA

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Mail/ Packages

1)Implement procedures to ensure the security 1)Implement procedures to ensure the security of incoming mail and packages.of incoming mail and packages.

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Access to Computer Systems

1)Restrict access to computer process control 1)Restrict access to computer process control systems and critical data systems to those systems and critical data systems to those with appropriate clearance.with appropriate clearance.

2)Review the adequacy of virus protection 2)Review the adequacy of virus protection systems and procedures for backing up systems and procedures for backing up critical computer based data systems.critical computer based data systems.

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FDA Emergency Point of Contact

U.S. Food and Drug AdministrationU.S. Food and Drug Administration

5600 Fishers Lane5600 Fishers Lane

Rockville, MD 20857Rockville, MD 20857

301/443-1240301/443-1240

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CONCLUSIONS

The security of our food supply is very important The security of our food supply is very important for the economic stability of our nation and must for the economic stability of our nation and must be viewed as a system from production, be viewed as a system from production, processing, distribution and ultimately in food processing, distribution and ultimately in food stores or restaurants.stores or restaurants.

The use of biological warfare dates back many The use of biological warfare dates back many centuries.centuries.

Agricultural producers must continually be Agricultural producers must continually be vigilant of disease outbreaks and work to prevent, vigilant of disease outbreaks and work to prevent, respond and minimize the adverse effects.respond and minimize the adverse effects.

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CONCLUSIONS

The FDA has issued some guidelines for The FDA has issued some guidelines for food processors, importers and retail food food processors, importers and retail food stores and restaurants to use to incorporate stores and restaurants to use to incorporate into their organizations to minimize the into their organizations to minimize the probability of malicious, criminal or probability of malicious, criminal or terrorists action on our food supplyterrorists action on our food supply

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