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1
Societal and Individual Impacts
Future Interfaces
New devices: portable, inexpensive, small, wearable, mobile, personal , robotic
Context-aware devices
Perceive user needs
• Small medical sensors that monitor health
• Hidden detectors that protect from dangers Visual, aural, tactile, gestural interaction
Universal usability to facilitate
• Voting
• Crime reporting Biometric identification to reduce the chance of terrorism
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Societal and Individual Impacts
Ten plagues of the information age
Anxiety: overcoming fear of technology
Alienation: less direct connection with others
Information-poor minority: affordable technology for all
Impotence of the individual: lack of receiving assistance from an individual
Bewildering complexity and speed
Organizational fragility: over-dependence on technology
Invasion of privacy
Unemployment and displacement
Lack of professional responsibility: organizations responding impersonally and denying responsibility for issues (e.g., blame it on the computer)
Deteriorating image of people
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Societal and Individual Impacts
Strategies for preventing the plagues
Human-centered participatory design: include users in the design process
Organizational support: user support with interviews and focus groups
Job design: avoiding the electronic sweatshop
Education: continuing education and on-the-job training
Feedback and Rewards: reward users for detecting problems, and provide feedback on the problem resolution
Legislation: laws related to privacy, rights of access and computer crime
• Verisign
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Societal and Individual Impacts
Who invented the internet?
J. C. R. Licklider – A Psychologist
BA in physics, math and psychology
MA in psychology
PhD in psychoacoustics
MIT associate professor established a psychology program for engineering students
Head of the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO) at ARPA (the birthplace of the internet)
Received the Franklin V. Taylor Award from the Society of Engineering Psychologists
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Societal and Individual Impacts
Licklider's ideas contribution to the development of the Internet
He foresaw the need for networked computers with easy UIs
His ideas foretold
graphical computing
point-and-click interfaces
digital libraries
e-commerce
online banking
Man-Computer Symbiosis
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Societal and Individual Impacts
Licklider - Man-Computer Symbiosis
Man-Computer Symbiosis (1960)
Specified the need for simpler interaction between computers and users
Vision: "Men will set the goals, formulate the hypotheses, determine the criteria, and perform the evaluations.”
Computing machines will do the routinizable work that must be done to prepare the way for insights and decisions in technical and scientific thinking."
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Societal and Individual Impacts
Licklider - Global computer network
"Intergalactic Computer Network" concept (1962)
These ideas contained almost everything that the Internet is today
“It seems reasonable to envision, for a time 10 or 15 years hence, a 'thinking center' that will incorporate the functions of present-day libraries together with anticipated advances in information storage and retrieval. The picture readily enlarges itself into a network of such centers, connected to one another by wide-band communication lines and to individual users by leased-wire services.”
His paper The Computer as a Communication Device (1968) describes his vision of network applications
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Societal and Individual Impacts
From The Computer as a Communication Device (1968)
Access to information while viewing a presentation
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Societal and Individual Impacts
From J. C. R. Licklider The Computer as a Communication Device (1968)
Vision of Email?
Vision of eHarmony?
“The most compelling reason for most people to buy a computer for the home will be to link it to a nationwide communications network. We’re just in the beginning stages of what will be a truly remarkable breakthrough for most people––as remarkable as the telephone.” [Steve Jobs in Playboy, Feb. 1, 1985] 17 years after the paper by Licklider
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Societal and Individual Impacts
From The Computer as a Communication Device (1968)
Vision of Texting?
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Societal and Individual Impacts
From The Computer as a Communication Device (1968)
Vision or Spam?
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Societal and Individual Impacts
From The Computer as a Communication Device (1968)
Vision IM Blocking?
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Societal and Individual Impacts
Gartner Group – 2011 Predictions
Cloud Computing
Mobile Applications and Media Tablets
Social Communications and Collaboration
Video
Next Generation Analytics
Social Analytics
Context-Aware Computing
Storage Class Memory
Ubiquitous Computing
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Societal and Individual Impacts
“The problem is I’m older now, I’m 40 years old, and this stuff doesn’t change the world. It really doesn’t. We’re born, we live for a brief instant, and we die. It’s been happening for a long time.” -- Steve Jobs
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Societal and Individual Impacts
“Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do.
If you haven’t found it yet, keep looking. Don’t settle. As with all matters of the heart, you’ll know when you find it. And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking until you find it. Don’t settle.” [Stanford commencement speech, June 2005] -- Steve Jobs
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Societal and Individual Impacts
“The most exciting breakthroughs of the 21st century will not occur because of technology but because of an expanding concept of what it means to be human” -- John Naisbitt
“The World in 2030" by Dr. Michio Kaku
http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&feature=endscreen&v=219YybX66MY