1st year at Medical
School:
Which factors affects
academic success?Class 17
2009/2010
1 . Introduction and
background
2. Aims
3. Methods
4. Results
5. Discussion
6. Conclusion
7. References
8. Annexes
Table of contents
College
Transition [2]
Adaptation
New realityDifferent city
Distance from homeNew friendsNew educational methodsLiving alone
How do young students face all this?
High School1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes [2] Loureiro, E. (2008)
5. Discussion
7. References
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
Decision Making and Problems Solving
Social SupportHealthy Life Style
Personal well-being [3]
Gradual process [5]
All ready to succeed
Basal Requirement
sMotivation Adaptation
However
“To adapt to their surrounding environment an individual must cope and manage problems, challenges and demands in his and her daily life” [4]
[3] Kari, K. (2006) ; [4] Dyson, R (2006) ; [5 ]Montelongo, R. (2004)
1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
Key words in bibliographic research:
Students, Medical
Social Adjustment
Academic success AND / OR failure
Research performed in:
PubMed
Google Scholar
1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
Key words in bibliographic research:
Students, Medical
Social Adjustment
Academic success AND / OR failure
Research performed in:
PubMed
Google Scholar
1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
In literature…
Academic first year ...
Family proximity
[6]
Stable familiar
environment [6]
Good financial status [6]
Active social and personal
environment [3]
Influenced by:
[3] Kari, K. (2006) ; [6] Feenstra, J. S. (2001) ; [7] SAT I (2009)
1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
• Distance from home/nuclear family
Family’s support is of major importance in the maintenance of a good mental health.
• Extra curricular activitiesAlthough it may represent drawbacks if they occupy most of the students free time, it can be a relaxing moment of the daily routine.
1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
Expected results :
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
• Sleeping time Influenced by:
Night outs frequency; Night outs return hour; Sleeping hours;
InfluencesAbility to accomplish daily tasks and health;
• Gender [9]
Influences Academic performance
1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
[9] Magalhães, E (2009)
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
Other factors that influence student’s academic success :
• Student’s level of stress [8]
Is very common on medical students, which may develop depression symptoms and suicidal thoughts
• Social background [10]
Such as parent’s education
• Socioeconomic status [11]
[8] Vitaliano, P. (1989) ; [10] Ortiz, E. (2008) ; [11] Mcmanus, C. (1986) .
1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
In literature we could find some factors that influence academic success but we focused our study on:
- Gender - Course satisfaction - Extra curricular activities - Time of study - Family support - Resting time
In spite of existing more factors, our option reflects on these because we thought this would be more interesting
1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
Academic success… How to define it?
1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
• We consider success to have been approved at least subjects from the 1st semester in FMUP fulfilling 20 or more ECTS.
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
Academic satisfaction… How to define it?
1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
“Academic Life Satisfaction is defined as
the expected satisfaction in one's life in
school by the fulfillment of his/her important
academic goals or aspirations.”[12]
•We used a Satisfaction scale, which was rated from 1 to 10:
• 1-4: Unsatisfied• 5-8: Satisfied• 9-10: Very satisfied
[12] Kumar, P. S.
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
In order to achieve our goal, we tried to: Discover which are the causes to
success / failure;
Point out some important measures to obtain success.
Evaluate academic performance;
1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
STUDY DESIGN
1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
Target Population:
Students attending Master in Medicine in the 1st year for the 1st time.
(aproximately 254 students)
1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
Inclusion CriteriaStudents attending FMUP 1st year.
Exclusion Criteria• Students attending FMUP 1st year not
for the first time;
• Students that have been in another college.
1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
Inclusion CriteriaStudents attending FMUP 1st year.
Exclusion Criteria• Students attending FMUP 1st year not for
the first time;
• Students that have been previously in another college.
1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
Selection Method
22 classes
All students fulfilling the requirements
FMUP
1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
Survey adressing personal issues
Survey
1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
1st
Semester grades
Survey constructi
on(online and on paper)
CONCLUSIONS
Statistical analysis
PASW 18
Student’
s personal informati
on
Divulgation:
Contacting each head of class by email and practical classes
(Anatomy II)
Data Analysis
Telephone approach (message)
after 2nd re-send with no reply
1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
335 registered
1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
Students from 1st year
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
31 licensee
50 disapproved
335 – 31 – 50 = 254
Number of from the first year for the first time in college
Number of students that started other course and withdrew is unknown, so is not removed from the 254
161 students
1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
1 Excluded
160 students
Sample size
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
Comparison:
Target population’s daily habits and its
success on 1st year medical school.
1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
In order to characterize the sample:
Choose the adequate variables of the survey;
Do adequate statistical analysis.
Results analysis
1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
First year medical students - The Key to Success
1 .Introduction and background
2. Aims
3. Methods4. Results
5. References6. Annexes
1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
Other attempts to achieve
significative results:
Logistic regression
Hosmer and Lemeshow test
Spearman/ Pearson correlation
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
RESULTS
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
Sample characteristics1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
Respondents rate= 161/254 = 0.634
N (%)
Gender of the inquired Female 105 (66,0)
Male 54 (34,0)
People who lives with Family 15 (9,4)
Other 144 (90,6)
Frequency that visits home Every Week 74 (81,3)
Less 17 (18,7)
Extra-curricular activities No 74 (46,5)
Yes 85 (53,5)
Frequency night outs Once or more a week 90 (56,3)
Less 70 (43,8)
Satisfaction grade Unsatisfeid 10 (6,6)
Satisfied 107 (70,4)
Very Satisfied 35 (23,0)
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
Respondents rate= 161/254 = 0,634
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
Success and Failure rate
161 Inquired
1 excluded
160
Success = 86,2%
Failure = 13,8%
Success rate = 137/160Failure rate = 22/160
Results1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
Academic Success
Success Failure P-value R**
N (%) N (%)
Gender of the inquiredFemale 91 (87,5) 13 (12,5)
0,473 0,057Male 45 (83,3) 9 (16,7)
Total time of study per week
1 to 9 hours 37 (90,2) 4 (9,8)
0,465* 0,022
10 to 19 hours 66 (82,5) 14 (17,5)
20 to 30 hours 16 (94,1) 1 (5,9)
30 or more hours 17 (85,0) 3 (15,0)
Extra-curricular activitiesNo 62 (84,9) 11 (15,1)
0,700 -0,031Yes 74 (87,1) 11 (12,9)
Satisfaction grade
Unsatisfeid 4 (40,0) 6 (60,0)
0,001* 0,177Satisfied 96 (90,6) 10 (9,4)
Very Satisfied 31 (88,6) 4 (11,4)
*Fisher Exact Test**Spearmen Correlation
Results 1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
Academic Success
Success Failure P-value R**
N (%) N (%)
Family support
People who lives
with
Family 13 (86,7) 2 (13,3)1,000* 0,006
Other 123 (86,0) 20 (14,0)
Frequency that
visits home
Every Week 66 (89,2) 8 (10,8)1,000* 0,021
Other 14 (87,5) 2 (12,5)
Sleeping habits
Frequency night
outs
Once or more a
week77 (85,6) 13 (14,4)
0,800 -0,020
Less 60 (87,0) 9 (13,0)
Night out return
hour
After 2 o'clock 69 (86,3) 11 (13,8)0,975 0,003
Other 68 (86,1) 11 (13,9)
Hours of sleep per
night
5 to 7 hours 73 (83,9) 14 (16,1)0,329 -0,079
8 to 10 hours 59 (89,4) 7 (10,6)
*Fisher Exact Test**Spearmen Correlation
Fisher Exact TestSpearman CorrelationP-value: 0,001R: 0,177
1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
Medical School: Factors affecting 1st year academic success
Results Satisfaction vs. Academic Success
Results
Y = 32,214 - 0,074*G - 2,237*N – 3,111*P – 22,979*V – 3,537*A - 0,639*H – 1,210*S – 2,565T – 27,031SG
1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
Logistic Regression
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
β Sig.
Gender (G) -,074 ,971
Total time of study per week (T) -2,565 ,163
Extra-curricular activities (A) -3,537 ,021
Satisfaction grade (SG) -27,731 ,996
People who lives with (P) -3,111 ,215
Frequency that visits home (V) -22,979 ,996
Frequency nights out (N) -2,237 ,370
Hours that return home at night (H) -,639 ,688
Hours of sleep per night (S) -1,210 ,446
Constant 32,214 ,995
Discussion
• Problems when generalizing results;• Though contact was made with the authors of
the selected articles, no access was allowed to the surveys used in their studies;
• Due to schedule issues: Survey was not validated; Target population could not be
completely approached.
1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
Discussion
• Problems when generalizing results;• Though contact was made with the authors of
the selected articles, no access was allowed to the surveys used in their studies;
• Due to schedule issues: Survey was not validated; Target population could not be
completely approached.
1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
Discussion
• Problems when generalizing results;• Though contact was made with the authors of
the selected articles, no access was allowed to the surveys used in their studies;
• Due to schedule issues: Survey was not validated; Target population could not be
completely approached.
1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
Discussion
“(…) students with high achievement are
more satisfied in their academic life. So
achievement increases as Academic Life
Satisfaction increases. (…)” [12]
1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
[12] (Kumar & Dileep)
Our results come upon this study
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
Discussion
In spite of not having significative results it seem that…
• women have more success than men (corroborated by some
studies and not corroborated by other);
• people that have extra-curricular activities presents high levels
of success than the others;
• students that go out at night with less frequency than once a
week are more succeeded than the other;
• People that sleep more time (8 – 10 hours per night) have more
success than the ones that sleep less time
1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
Conclusion
• Student’s satisfaction grade with the course is related with academic success.
1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
Conclusion
• For further studies:
Bigger sample;Students from other medical schools;Include other variables (e.g. stress)
1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
References: • [1] Smith, G. S. (2002). College style: Nearly a third of college freshmen don't return to school the next year. Here's how to improve your odds of surviving—and thriving! Career World ; • [2] Loureiro, E., Mcintyre, T., Mota-Cardoso, R. (2008). A relação entre o stress e os estilos de vida nos Estudantes De Medicina da Faculdade de Medicina do Porto. Acta Medica do Porto , 209-214.• [3] Kari, K., Reidar, T., Arnstein, F., Erlend, H., Tore, G., Nina, T. G., et al. (2006). Life satisfaction and resilience in medical school – a six-year longitudinal, nationwide and comparative study. BMC Medical Education , 1-8;• [4] Dyson, R., & Renk, K. (2006). Freshmen adaptation to university life: Depressive symptoms, stress and coping. Journal of clinical psychology .•[5] Montelongo, R. (2004). Motivation and Learning Strategies for College Success: A Self-Management Approach (2nd ed.) Journal of College Student
Development ;• [6] Feenstra, J. S., Banyard, V. L., Rines, E. N., & Hopkins, K. R. (2001). First-year students' adaptation to college: The role of family variables and individual coping. Journal of College Student Development ;• [7] SAT I: A Faulty Instrument For Predicting College Success. Fairtest. (s.d.). Obtained at November 25th of 2009, from Fair Test The National Center for Fair and Opening Testing: http://www.fairtest.org/sat-i-faulty-instrument-predicting-college-success;
1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
References: • [8] Vitaliano, P., Maiuro, R., Mitchell, E., & Russo, J. (1989). Perceived stress in
medical school: Resistors, persistors, adaptors and maladaptors. Social Science
& Medicin, Volume 28, Issue 12 , 1321-1329;•[9] Magalhães, E., Portela, M., Oliveira, P., Salgueira, A. P., & Costa, M. (2009). PERSONALIDADE, GÉNERO E DESEMPENHO ACADÉMICO: UM ESTUDO COM ESTUDANTES DE MEDICINA PORTUGUESES. Actas do X Congresso Internacional Galego-Português de Psicopedagogia, (pp. 4906-4917). Braga.•[10] Ortiz, E. (2008). What are the Factory of Success at University? A Case study in Belgium. CESifo Economic Studies Vol54,2 , 121-148;•[11] Mcmanus, C., Richards, P. (1986). Admission for medicine in the United Kingdom: a structural model of background factors. Medical Education, 181-160.• [12] Kumar, P. S., & Dileep, P. (n.d.). Academic Life Satisfaction Scale (ALSS) and its effectiveness in predicting academic success. University of Calicut, Department of education , 1-15.
1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
Annexes:
INQUÉRITO Estudantes de Medicina no primeiro ano pela primeira vez: a chave para o sucesso
Somos um grupo de estudantes da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Portugal, que frequenta o primeiro ano do curso de Medicina, turma 17, e estamos a realizar um estudo transversal e observacional, no âmbito da disciplina de Introdução à Medicina acerca dos factores relacionados com o sucesso/insucesso escolar dos estudantes inscritos pela primeira vez no ensino superior no 1º ano no curso de Medicina. Tendo em conta a vossa experiência, acreditamos que as vossas respostas serão de extrema importância para o nosso estudo. Deste modo, pedimos que respondam a este breve questionário, elaborado propositada e unicamente para reunir a informação da população alvo. Apesar de ser solicitado o nome ao inquirido, garantimos a confidencialidade dos dados.
NOME:__________________________________________________________________________________
ID: ___ ___ ___ ID: ___ ___ ___
1 - Em que ano nasceste? ______ 2 - Tiveste necessidade de te deslocar do teu agregado familiar habitual para frequentares o curso? SIM ____ NÃO ____ Se SIM, com quem vives agora? AMIGOS ____ SOZINHO(A) ____ FAMÍLIA ____ OUTRO (especificar) ________________
1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
3 - Se respondeste SIM na questão anterior, com que frequência vais a casa?
Todos os fins de semana ___ Duas vezes por mês ____ Uma vez por mês ____ Só nas férias ____
4 - Em média, com que frequência sais à noite?
Duas ou mais vezes por semana ____ Uma vez por semana ____ Duas vezes por mês ____ Uma vez por mês ou menos ____ 4.1 - Até que horas habitualmente duram as tuas saídas? Até as 22h ______ Até às 24h _______ Até as 2h ________ Até depois das 2h ______ 5 - Quantas horas de sono tens habitualmente por noite? _____ horas 6 - Frequentas algum tipo de actividades extra-curriculares? SIM ____ NÃO _____ Se respondeste NÃO, avança imediatamente para a pergunta 7 Se SIM, que actividade(s)? __________________________________ Quantas horas semanais ocupas com essa actividade? ________________
7 - Em média, quanto tempo passas diariamente na faculdade para além do tempo de aulas? _____ horas
1 .Introduction and background2. Aims3. Methods4. Results
6. Conclusion
8. Annexes
5. Discussion
7. References
Annexes:
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
1 .Introduction and background
2. Aims
3. Methods
4. Results
5. References
6. Annexes
8 - Em média, quanto tempo estimas ter dedicado por semana para cada uma das disciplinas no semestre passado?
Anatomia I: _____ horas Biologia Celular I: _____ horas Bioquímica I: _____ horas Introdução a Medicina I: _____ horas
9 - Das quatro disciplinas que tiveste no último semestre, reprovaste a alguma? SIM___ NÃO___ Se respondeste SIM, qual/quais foram?
Anatomia I: ____ Biologia Celular I: ____ Bioquímica I: ____ Introdução à Medicina I: ____
10 - Relativamente às disciplinas que obtiveste aprovação, quais foram as notas finais?
Anatomia I: ____ Biologia Celular I: ____ Bioquímica I: ____ Introdução à Medicina I: ____
11 - Numa escala de 0 a 10, qual o teu grau de satisfação com o curso que frequentas? _______
Voltar
Annexes:
1st year at Medical School: Which factors affects academic success?
AcknowledgmentsWe would like to express our gratitude to our’s
supervisors Gustavo Martins, Rosa Oliveira and to
Professor Altamiro Manuel Rodrigues Costa Pereira,
whose expertise and advices added considerably
remarks to our experience and work.
Rafael, A.; Areias, A. C.; Raimundo, A. R.; Macedo, A. R.; Melo, C.; Venade, G.; Castro, L.; Sousa, M. I.; Ferreira, M. J.; Morgado, M.; Coelho, M.; Rebelo, M.; Catarino, P.; Cardoso, R.; Silva, S.; Carvalho, V.
1st year at Medical
School:
Which factors affects
academic success?