1

System Design Review

Mike Dumas

Ben Scott

Jason Darby

Adam Naramore

Gaetano Settineri

Tim Sparks

David Wilson

EcoJetGroup Two

2

Market Review

• Target Sales to Fractional Operators, NetJets, FlexJets etc.

• Sales also to individual companies.

• Benefits Include: Reduced Fuel Costs as Cost of Petroleum Rises, Clean Renewable Fuels

• No Alternative Fuel Powered Business Aircraft are Currently in Operation

3

Current Design Specs

Parameters: Targets: Thresholds:

GTOW (lbs) 20,000 < 25,000

Cruise Mach .85 > .77

TO Field Length 3500ft < 4000ft

Passenger Cap: 6 ≥ 4

Range 1700 nm ≥ 1500 nm

Acquisition Cost $10 million ≤ $15 million

Operating Cost $1,000/hr ≤ $1,500/hr

4

Mission RangeBased From Wichita Kansas

•Blue Circle = 1100nm Range Concentric with Wichita Kansas

•1250nm to Seattle

•1200nm to San Francisco

•1250nm to Boston

1700 nm Range is enough to span both coasts and reach any destination in the Continental U.S. from Wichita

5

Pugh’s Method  Concepts

Criteria Traditional Blended Wing Box Wing Sonic Cruiser

Cabin Height + - S S

Cabin Width S + S S

Takeoff Length S + + -

Turnaround Time S - S S

Time to Overhaul - - - -

Aircraft Length S + S +

TO Weight + - - -

Range + + + +

# Seats S + S +

Ceiling S S + +

Climb Rate S + + -

Cruise Speed + - - +

Operating Cost 4 2 3 1

Acquisition Cost 4 1 3 2

Totals (4+) (7S) (1-) (6+) (1S) (5-) (4+) (5S) (3-) (4+) (3S) (5-)

6

General ConceptsTraditional

7

General ConceptsBox Diamond Wing

8

Primary Concept

Preliminary CAD Drawings

•Diamond Wing Concept

•2 turbo-fan engines

•S-duct intake

•Wingspan ≈ 41 ft

•Length ≈ 50 ft

9

Cabin Layout

ControlsPilot Seats

Closets

Door RefreshmentCenter

Chairs Lavatory

Similar to Hawker Series Aircraft

10

Trade Studies•Higher end aircraft cost roughly $10 million

•Cessna XLS

•Operating cost of $1500 per hour

11

Jet-A Fuel

AR WS (lb/ft2) GTOW (lbs) Fuel Weight (lb)Acquisition Cost

($M06) DOC ($/hr)

8 70 20052 5693 8.747 1952.39

8 80 19226 5186 8.587 1888.62

8 90 18821 4985 8.482 1864.39

4 90 19548 5692 8.481 1965.59

6 90 18951 5148 8.462 1889.55

10 90 21472 7058 8.768 2181.84

Sizing Trade Studies

12

Sizing Trade Studies

Bio-diesel Fuel

AR WS (lb/ft2) GTOW (lbs)Fuel Weight

(lbs)Acquisition Cost

($M06) DOC ($/hr)

8 70 22406 7661 8.926 2196.69

8 80 21579 7181 8.754 2139.16

8 90 21176 7520 8.64 2117.93

4 90 22205 7986 8.651 2255.96

6 90 21368 7229 8.620 2152.18

10 90 24639 9616 9.059 2508.21

13

Proposed Engine Specs

• Twin Spool Turbofan Engine

• 4 axial stage compression• 1 centrifugal stage

Compressor Ratio 16

Fan Pressure Ratio 2.5

Bypass Ratio 3.25

Air Flow 120 (lbm/s)

14

Specific Fuel Consumption

• ONX On-Design engine analysis program

• Static Engine Results at Sea Level

Conventional Fuel Alternate Fuel

Thrust 5050 (lbf) 5000 (lbf)

SFC .58 (lbm/hr)/lbf .648 (lbm/hr)/lbf

Fuel Heating (Q) 18000 (Btu/lbm) 16108.16 (Btu/lbm)

Fuel / Air ratio 0.0327 0.0368

15

Thrust to Weight Ratio Constraint Diagram

• Green is the maximum possible Wing Loading

• Design Choice is 100 lb/ft2 or less

• Thrust to weight goal is the shaded area

• L/D = 15

16

Alternate Fuel

• Biodiesel Fuel– Range from B20 to

B100– Need approx 13%

more fuel (comp with JetA)

• Based on fuel flow test data and Heat Capacity

17

Alternate Fuel

• Proposed fuels– Methane, Biodiesel, Biokerosene

• Why Biodiesel?– Biodiesel requires few engine alterations– Biodiesel most mature of the proposed fuels– Current cost is cheaper

• ($3.62 per gal vs $4.89 (jet A) at John Wayne Airport in Orange County, CA

– Safer to transport compared to Methane

18

Alternate Fuel

•Emissions Benefits 50% Reduction CO 40% Hydrocarbon Reduction NOx Emissions Reduction

Substantial Particle Emission Reduction Using Biodiesel

Jet A Biodiesel

19

Comparison with Citation XLS

Citation XLS Our Design

GTOW 20200 lbs 21176 lbs

Range 1798 nm 1700 nm

Cruise Mach # 0.75 0.85

Wing Loading 54 lb/ft2 90 lb/ft2

Acquisition Cost 10.55 $M 8.64 $M

20

Looking to the Future

• Refined Analysis of Box Wing Concept– CFD analysis– Comparison to Traditional Concept– Maintain/Refine Cust. and Engr. Requirements

• Concept Selection– Geometry optimization– Propulsion optimization

21

Questions?

22

Backup Slides

23

Engine Performance at Altitude

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Jet_Propulsion/Mechanics

24

Trade Studies•A maximum takeoff weight of 20,000 lbs

•Comparable to the aircraft database

Max Takeoff Weight vs Max Range

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

10,000 12,500 15,000 17,500 20,000 22,500 25,000 27,500 30,000

Max Takeoff Weight

Rang

e (n

m)

25

Trade Studies

Acquisition Cost vs. Nominal Cabin Volume

0

5

10

15

20

25

100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950 1,000

Volume (ft^3)

Cost

(M$0

6)

•Research has shown the our customers value comfort as much as range.

•Aiming for high cabin volume at a lower cost then competitors