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Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World, Tuesday, January 23, 2007
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Today’s Schedule
Review Models from Thursday Start Chapter 3 In team, Draw Context Diagram Thursday, Quiz #1 on Chapters 1 & 2
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From Thursday … Architects & Automotive Designers use Models
What are some of these models? How do they create different aspects of the
house or car they are designing? Why are several models needed?
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Today’s Learning Objectives
Explain the elements of project management and the responsibilities of a project manager
Explain project initiation and the activities in the project planning phase of the SDLC
Describe how the scope of the new system is determined
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Overview
Fundamental principles of project management– Project success factors– Role of project manager– Project management knowledge areas
How information system projects initiated– Part of overall strategic plan– Respond to immediate business need
The project planning phase of SDLC Project planning examples for RMO
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Significance of Project Management
2000 Standish Group Study– Only 28% of system development projects
successful
– 72% of projects canceled, completed late, completed over budget, and/or limited in functionality
Project requires careful planning, control, and execution
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Improved Project Performance
The Standish Group’s CHAOS studies show improvements in IT projects in the past decade.*
Measure 1994 Data 2002 Data Result Successful projects 16% 34% Doubled Failed projects 31% 15% Halved Money wasted on challenged and failed projects
$140 B out of $250 B
$55 B out of $255 B
More than halved
*The Standish Group, “Latest Standish Group CHAOS Report Shows Project Success Rates Have Improved by 50%” (March 25, 2003).
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Why the Improvements?
“The reasons for the increase in successful projects vary. First, the average cost of a project has been more than cut in half. Better tools have been created to monitor and control progress and better skilled project managers with better management processes are being used. The fact that there are processes is significant in itself.”*
*The Standish Group, “CHAOS 2001: A Recipe for Success” (2001).
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Reasons for Project Failure
Incomplete or changing requirements
Limited user involvement
Lack of executive support
Lack of technical support
Poor project planning
Unclear objectives
Lack of required resources
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Reasons for Project Success
Clear system requirement definitions
Substantial user involvement
Support from upper management
Thorough and detailed project plans
Realistic work schedules and milestones
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Role of the Project Manager
Project management – organizing and directing people to achieve a planned result within budget and on schedule
Throughout Project life span– Beginning of project – plan and organize
– During project – monitor and control
Responsibilities are both internal and external
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Various Titles/Roles of Project Managers (Figure 3-1)
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Project Management Tasks
Beginning of project– Overall project planning
During project– Project execution management– Project control management– Project closeout
Project management approach differs for– Predictive SDLC– Adaptive SDLC
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Project Management Tasks for a Predictive Project
(Figure 3-3)
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Project Management Tasks for an Adaptive Project
(Figure 3-4)
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Project Management Framework
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Project Initiation and the Project Planning Phase Driving forces to start project
– Respond to opportunity– Resolve problem– Conform to directive
Project initiation comes from– Long-term IS strategic plan (top-down) prioritized by weighted
scoring– Department managers or process managers (bottom-up)– Response to outside forces (HIPAA)
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RMO Project Charter
(Figure 3-5)
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Activities of the Project Planning Phase
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Activities of the Project Planning Phase and Their Key Questions
(Figure 3-7)
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Defining the Problem
Review business needs– Use strategic plan documents – Consult key users – Develop list of expected business benefits
Identify expected system capabilities– Define scope in terms of requirements
Create system scope document Build proof of concept prototype Create context diagram
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In Teams, Draw Context Diagram for Your Info System
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For Thursday, January 25
Quiz #1 on Thursday, Jan 25. Covers Chapters 1 & 2
Finish Reading Chapter 3 Project Management