1 © Telstra Corporation Limited 2006. All rights reserved Strategies for Wireless Access Services A...

1 © Telstra Corporation Limited 2006. All rights reserved

Strategies for Wireless Access Services

A few thoughts & comments…….

Stewart J Wallace

6 March, 2006


• What is Wireless Access?

• Why is the industry/market in its current state?

• Current spectrum situation & emerging technologies

• Some suggestions & some concerns

• An underlying ‘theme’ & preliminary response(s)

• Some key messages to stimulate debate

Wireless Access: ………Overview of my presentation:


Wireless Access: ………is multi-dimensional

Mobility demand

Supplementary wireless access

Fixed line substitution

* ‘Urban’ includes regional / rural cities & towns

Service type Metro/Urban* Zone Regional/rural areas

Streaming Data Access[ADSL, Cable]

New Mobile-TV platforms

3G WCDMA/HSDPA

802.16-2004 WiMAX

Broadband satellite


3G WCDMA/HSDPA

802.16 ??

Short Transactions[Std copper loop, ADSL]

3G WCDMA

2.5G 1xRTT/EVDO & EDGE

Pre-certif. WiMAX

802.11b/a/g Wi-Fi

3G WCDMA


Rural/remote P-MP radio

Telephone Services[Std copper loop]

3G WCDMA

2G CDMA & GSM

802.11b/a/g Wi-Fi (VoIP)

3G WCDMA

2G CDMA & GSM

Rural/remote P-MP radio




3G WCDMA/HSDPA

802.16e WiMAX

802.20 [4G]

Broadband satellite


3G WCDMA/HSDPA

Short Transactions[Std copper loop, ADSL]

3G WCDMA


802.16e WiMAX

802.20 [4G]

3G WCDMA



3G WCDMA

2G CDMA & GSM

3G WCDMA

2G CDMA & GSM




3G WCDMA/HSDPA

802.16d/e WiMAX

Broadband satellite


3G WCDMA/HSDPA

Short Transactions[ADSL]

3G WCDMA


802.16d/e WiMAX

802.11b/a/g Wi-Fi

3G WCDMA



3G WCDMA

2G CDMA & GSM

802.11b/a/g Wi-Fi (VoIP)

3G WCDMA

2G CDMA & GSM


Wireless Access: ……But, the deployment cost factor

Service type Metro/Urban Areas Regional/rural areas

Streaming Data Access

Short Transaction

Telephone Services

Physical Distance

Capacity Demand

Increasing capital cost

Increasing capital cost


Wireless Access: ……& varying commercial attraction

Service type

Metro/Urban Areas

Speech Services

2G CDMA & GSM

3G WCDMA

Internet Access

2G 1xRTT/EVDO & EDGE

802.16-2004 WiMAX

3G WCDMA

Multimedia Services

802.16-2004 WiMAX

3G WCDMA/HSDPA

Delivery Costs

Market Size

Regional areas

2G CDMA & GSM

3G WCDMA

2G 1xRTT / EVDO

3G WCDMA

3G WCDMA/HSDPA

RURAL & REMOTE AREAS ??

Regional Areas

A natural rush toward the most profitable markets

But…there is already notable BWA spectrum allocations in regional areas ?Metro/Urban Areas

3.4 GHz

2.3 GHz


ADSL/Cable Access Services

Wireless Access: ……& differing rollout timeframes

Deployment Time

RURAL & REMOTE Wireless Access

Services

Deployment Cost

Regional 3G WCDMA

Metro 802.16 WiMAX

802.11 WiFi

Regional 802.16 WiMAX

Metro/urban 3G WCDMA

Relatively easy to deploy ….so, what’s holding things back?

Mobile TV ??


• Higher-profit metro & other urban markets that are easily deployed are attracting all the competitive players

• Other markets, with more complex deployment demands are largely neglected by competitive service providers – WHILE

• Significant aggregated spectrum [covering many regional/rural areas] still lies unused - but inaccessible to other willing & able players !

Wireless Access: …..gives obvious market outcomes:

Clamorous demands for further spectrum allocations !

…3.4GHz band …2.3GHz band

NEXT


Wireless Access: …..the radio spectrum situation

Band Current Allocation Comments

450~520 MHz Narrowband Fixed & Mobile Services Significant congestion in metro/urban/regional areas.

Could possibly be made available in rural/remote areas for BWA

520~820 MHz Metro & regional: TV Broadcasting

Rural & remote: essentially UNUSED

Datacasting (2) channels already ‘available’ in each BSA

Chans 68 and 69 could be cleared for Wireless Access.

Many rural/remote areas could be released for Wireless Access.

1710~1900 MHz Metro/regional: GSM1800

Rural/remote: fixed P-P links

Unavailable: 15-yr licences expire in 2013/2015

> 6,500 fixed P-P links for rural public/utility services backhaul

1900~1920 MHz Metro: 3G-TDD Spectrum licences

Regional/rural/remote: fixed P-P links

Unavailable: 15-yr licences expire 2017 (few systems deployed)

> 100 fixed P-P links for rural public/utility services backhaul

1920~1980 MHz

2110~2170 MHz

Metro/regional: 3G-FDD licences


Unavailable: 15-yr licences expire in 2017


2010~2025 MHz Metro: forthcoming auction for BWA

Regional: available for BWA now


Soon to become available for BWA

Already available (over-the-counter) for BWA


2200~2290 MHz Space Operations, EES, Space Research Could be made available to BWA, subject to co-ordination with Space Operations, EES, & Space Research usage.

2290~2500 MHz 2302~2400 MHz: Austar, Unwired, et al

2400~2500 MHz: Wi-Fi Class Licence

Already allocated to BWA, but…Unavailable: Lower band - 15-yr licences expire 2015; & Upper band - Class Licenced.

2500~2690 MHz Fixed, Mobile, BSS – mostly used for nomadic ENG & TV-OB

ITU-R designated for 3G expansion – also subject to international BWA access proposals.

3400~3600 MHz 3425~3492.5 / 3542.5~3575 MHz: BWA Metro/regional: Unwired (32.5MHz); Rural: Telstra (17.5 MHz) – 15-yr licences expire in 2015

3600~4200 MHz Fixed P-P links Metro/urban: could possibly be made available for BWA

Regional/rural: > 240 fixed P-P links for public network backhaul

Existing & Candidate Bands for Wireless Access (below 5GHz):


• Fixed WiMAX – 802.16d – certified products late-2006

• 3G streaming data – HSDPA (2007) & HSUPA (2008)

• Mobile TV services – DVB-H, MBMS, MediaFlo – late-2007

• Mobile WiMAX – 802.16e – certified products late-2007/8

• Broadband satellite services – commercial availability 2008

• High-altitude platform stations – commercial availability 2009

• Super-3G/LTE and 4G – probably around 2010

Wireless Access: …..some emerging applications

New (broadband) wireless applications already on the horizon……..

These new applications will encourage user demand that will subsequently further strain current spectrum

allocations……..


Wireless Access: ….. Do we need rollout targets?

To maximise community benefit & commercial opportunity, we believe there IS justification for:

Use-it-or-lose-it - especially for:

• metro/urban deployment settings, where demand is high;

• ‘low deployment complexity’ services in ALL regions; and

• provided some other player can demonstrate a viable alternative usage plan.

along with:

Annual instalment payments – instead of a single up-front fee:

• to facilitate early returns (ie. ‘lose-it’ scenario);

• to avoid diversion of vital investment capital from the initial build-out task; &

• so smaller players are not unduly disadvantaged.

Noting that large portions of current BWA allocations continue to lie unused – especially in regional/rural areas……..


Wireless Access: ….. Do appropriate boundaries exist?

Metro/urban

Regional

Remote

Low-population corridor?? – not always appropriate or equitable

Regional Urban Centre

Rural Urban Centre

Too far out: may deny access by

rural communitiesToo far out: may delay access by

regional communities


• Auctions should involve bidding on “notional lots”:- to allow post-auction aggregation & avoid fragmentation of lots (eg. 1.8 GHz);- to combat deliberate spoiling tactics by certain bidders; and

- to avoid excessive wastage through technical ‘guard’ bands.

• Spectrum lots must be of reasonable size:- to reflect the commercial viability threshold of relevant technologies; and

- distinct from the (smaller) standard trading units (STUs) - that allow later trading &

optimisation of spectrum holdings.

• Spectrum acquisitions might be incrementally released post-auction:- requiring proof of efficient utilisation to justify each increment;- in support of a ‘use-it-or-lose-it’ regime;- balancing ‘certainty’ with ‘flexibility’;- retaining a common expiry date encourages earliest take-up – else diminishing

the revenue window;- allowing delayed clearance of incumbents; and

- allowing mid-term re-allocations, if appropriate.

Wireless Access: …… some other allocation issues:


Wireless Access: …… But – let us be quite frank…

Telstra will continue to vigorously & strenuously oppose any suggestion to apply entry rules or restrictive bidding limits, because:

- the Australian community gains most benefit from operators with sufficient capitalisation to actually deploy and deliver new services in a timely manner;

- efficient use of spectrum relies on sufficient capital, manpower & know-how;

- radio spectrum is an extremely valuable national economic resource.

In any case, existing provisions of the Trade Practices Act will automatically apply to all bidders at the completion of each spectrum auction to prevent anti-

competitive outcomes – as per Productivity Commission recommendation.

There is no rationale for any other “special” restrictions – and a “use-it-or-lose-it” provision would discourage any hoarding of spectrum.


• The SPECTRUM LICENSING framework is very effective, but:

• More prudent spectrum allocation policies are needed – to avoid the mistakes of the past (eg. 3.4GHz BWA constraints/limits, boundary definitions, neglect of

regional/rural/remote areas);

• There IS a place for USE-IT-OR-LOSE-IT rules – recognising the differing deployment cost & timeframe scenarios;

• Other allocation strategies also exist to foster more efficient allocation & usage of radio spectrum – refer previous slides;

• Readily availability & low-pricing incentives should apply to spectrum in low density rural/remote regions to encourage wider investment; and

• Conventional APPARATUS LICENSING continues to be viable for “highly shared” allocations, such as for fixed point-to-point radio links.

Wireless Access: …… an underlying theme:


• Current spectrum allocations enough?- No – so much BWA spectrum is still lying idle but inaccessible

• Key technologies & timeframes?- 802.16: backhaul – now; nomadic – 2006/7; & mobile – 2007/8- 3G expansion (HSDPA) – from early-2007- Mobile-TV – late-2007 – 520~702 MHz probably preferred

• Amount of spectrum & number of competitors?- varies by particular technology & market – is still under study.

• Candidate bands:- 450~520 MHz in rural/remote areas- 520~820 MHz in rural/remote areas + 4 channels in metro/urban- 2010~2025 MHz in metro areas- 2200~2290 MHz in metro/urban areas- 2500~2690 MHz nationwide- 3600~4200 MHz in metro/urban areas

• Private park?- Unnecessary- we can already achieve this under current spectrum licensing regime!

Wireless Access: …… some preliminary proposals:

Already allocated to BWA:

2010~2025 MHz : regional/rural

2302~2400 MHz : nationwide

3425~3575 MHz : nationwide

… broadcasting bands

… mobile TV


• Additional Wireless Access spectrum DOES need to be found……but:

• Minimum deployment targets should apply, to avoid ‘cherry picking’ and warehousing of critical spectrum resources – adopt use-it-or-lose-it provisions; AND

• Tighter boundaries should be defined around metro/regional urban markets, so outlying rural communities are not disadvantaged; but

• Low density rural/remote services may need longer deployment planning & payback periods.

Wireless Access: ….. & some final messages:


Wireless Access: ………

….. some initial thoughts in regard to Wireless Access spectrum strategy.

Any questions?

….. some initial thoughts in regard to Wireless Access spectrum strategy.

Any questions?

…spectrum table


• 2 datacasting channels (7MHz) in each BSA should to be re-allocated ASAP for new Wireless Access usage – eg. to encourage innovative new broadcasting-type services over new platforms.

• Clearance of channels 68 & 69 should commence ASAP to further allow competitive Wireless Access

• Rural/remote areas should be universally freed up for Wireless Access purposes

Wireless Access: ………current broadcasting bands

Go to Map……spectrum table

NEXT

…Minister’s statements

Majority of terrestrial TV transmitters/translators/repeaters are located in populated metro/urban & regional areas – only a few local channels used in rural/remote areas.

BSB spectrum in rural/remote areas could be released for ‘co-ordinated’ use by Wireless Access services - benefiting from the longer propagation range achievable.

Two 7 MHz channels in all areas almost immediately!

Two additional 7 MHz channels in (say) 3 years; and

significant rural/remote spectrum almost immediately!


Wireless Access: ………current broadcasting usage

…go back

-45

-40

-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155

Coast

Borders

All Tx

Mostly, just 1~2 local rebroadcast or translator channels – the rest is

completely unused!


Wireless Access: ………current 1.8 GHz usage:

…go back

-45

-40

-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155

Coast

Borders

Other

Telstra

Telstra devices: 4,536

Others: 3,683


• Core 3G band segments:- TDD services: 1900~1920 MHz- FDD services: 1920~1980/2110~2170 MHz- global MSS allocation: 1980~2010/2170~2200 MHz

• More than 2000 3G base stations are already deployed* nationwide in the 3G TDD band by 3GIS Pty Ltd; and

• Plans are underway to deploy* further 3G base stations in the FDD band over next several years.

• Optus & Vodafone are envisaged to have similar deployment* plans.

Wireless Access: ………current & planned 2 GHz usage:

* NOTE: Deployment includes a significant number of existing GSM/CDMA site upgrades, as opposed to new sites.…go back


Wireless Access: ………current 3.4 GHz usage:

Total number of active 3.4 GHz P-MP base stations (as at 1 Feb 2006):

-Telstra: 352 within 2 x 17.5 MHz spectrum sub-segments in regional areas (~2,000 customers).

- Unwired: 428 within the overall band (3425~3575 MHz) mainly in Sydney & Melb metro areas.

- Others: 493 within the overall band (3425~3575 MHz) in Metro & regional areas.…go back ..3.4 GHz

allocations

-45

-40

-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155

Coast

Borders

Unwired

Other (A/L)

Telstra S/L

Telstra A/L


Wireless Access: ………current 3.4 GHz BWA allocations:

Current Spectrum Licence Allocations:

…go back

Lower Block

Upper Block A

Upper Block B

Pert

hR

eg

ional N

SW

Reg

ional Q

ld

Reg

ional S

A

Reg

ional Tas

Reg

ional V

ICR

eg

ional W

A

Rock

ham

pto

nS

yd

ney –

Lit

hg

ow

& K

iam

a

Syd

ney -

Metr

o

Syd

ney –

New

cast

le (

oute

r w

ate

rs)

Syd

ney N

ew

cast

le -

West

Toow

oom

ba

Tow

nsv

ille

Ad

ela

ide

Alb

ury

Bend

igo

Bri

sbane

Cair

ns

Canb

err

a

Hob

art

Launce

ston

Melb

ourn

e -

East

Melb

ourn

e -

Metr

o

Melb

ourn

e -

Nort

h

Melb

ourn

e –

Nth

-West

Melb

ourn

e -

West

Unwired & associated Co’s Telstra

For sale

UnavailableActewAGL

HaleNET

FreeCore

Amcom

Apparatus Licensed

Apparatus Licensed

3425 ~ 3439 MHz

3439 ~ 3442.5 MHz

3442.5 ~ 3475 MHz

3475 ~ 3482 MHz3482 ~ 3485.5 MHz3485.5 ~ 3489 MHz3489 ~ 3492.5 MHz3542.5 ~ 3546 MHz

3546 ~ 3575 MHz

50 MHz duplex spacing

100 MHz duplex spacing


Wireless Access: ………current 2.3 GHz BWA allocations:

…go back

Unwired, Austar & associated firms:• ACT

• Adelaide

• Brisbane

• Canberra

• Gosford

• Melbourne

• Newcastle (metro & west)

• Perth

• Regional VIC (Geelong & south)

• Queensland (SE and FNQ West)

• NSW (southern)

• Spencer Gulf (Nth Adelaide)

• Sydney

• Wollongong (Nth West)

Jacolyn, Kidillia, Wollongong Micro:• Broken Hill

• Cairns

• Gold Coast

• Hobart

• McKay & Rockhampton

• Mt Isa

• Newcastle (Nth & far West)

• Port Douglas

• Regional TAS

• Regional VIC

• Renmark & Loxton

• Sanctuary Cove

• Queensland (SE – modif.)

• Spencer Gulf (modif.)

• Townsville

• Wollongong (Metro)

Others:• Alice Springs – Minorite

• Bourke – Sawtell

• Delamere – Dovevale

• Mt Gambier – Dovevale

• Northern NSW – Illona


• Mobile-TV is clearly on the horizon as a future service – early commercial activities are already evident in a number of countries, including: Korea, Italy & US – as well as Australia’s own recent technical trial.

• Senator Coonan has already articulated positive Govt support: “…consumers [will] be better served by media policy that encourages new content and innovative services by opening up of opportunities for television-like services over other platforms…” and “…the use of the datacasting spectrum provides the opportunity for some interesting new services for consumers and, in my view, is a key element of any media reform package…”

• So, given the propagation & coverage advantages, the broadcasting services bands (including the datacasting channels) should be opened up sooner rather than later.

Wireless Access: ………indicative trends in Mobile-TV:

…go back

NEXT


Wireless Access: ………current broadcasting bands

• 2 datacasting channels (7MHz) in each BSA should to be re-allocated ASAP for new Wireless Access usage

• Clearance of channels 68 & 69 should commence ASAP to further allow competitive Wireless Access

• Rural/remote areas should be universally freed up for Wireless Access purposes

Majority of terrestrial TV transmitters/translators/repeaters are located in populated metro/urban & regional areas – only a few local channels used in rural/remote areas.

BSB spectrum in rural/remote areas could be released for ‘co-ordinated’ use by Wireless Access services - benefiting from the longer propagation range achievable.

Two 7 MHz channels in all areas almost immediately!

Two additional 7 MHz channels in (say) 3 years; and

significant rural/remote spectrum almost immediately!

Go to Map……prelim answers


Wireless Access: ………indicative Govt support:

On several recent occasions, Senator Coonan has articulated her thinking in capacity as the Government’s Minister for Communications:

• “…consumers [will] be better served by media policy that encourages new content and innovative services by opening up of opportunities for television-like services over other platforms…” and

• “…the use of the datacasting spectrum provides the opportunity for some interesting new services for consumers and, in my view, is a key element of any media reform package…” and

• “…I think people should have choice. That’s why I want to get many more innovative services available on the additional spectrum that we will have available as from 2007. I have in mind that that wouldn’t be open to the free-to-air players simply because I think there needs to be new voices. So I think that the whole plan will mean that people have a much richer and more diverse media experience than is available, by having people, at least having media providers, trapped in outmoded rules in an old analogue world.” (ABC Radio National, Thurs 2/03/2006)

…broadcasting trends


• Spectrum Licences are never truly ‘technology-neutral’:- because of the overriding ITU-R spectrum allocation table; and- because Govt usually has some competitive service objective.

• Core technical conditions are key to flexible usage:- but, development requires extensive technical knowledge; and- especially to equally accommodate differing technologies.

• Understanding guard-space concepts is essential:- spectral guard-band AND geographic guard-space;- choosing an appropriate propagation model is important;- a ‘notional receiver’ definition is also essential; and- need to consider both in-band & out-of-band effects.

Wireless Access: ………technology neutrality, etc:

…go back

Poor Tx

Rx Sel

Tx

Poor Rx Sel

Essential to specify ‘notional’ Rx performance

as well as Tx OOB & spurious limits.

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