1. The chemistry of carbon allows the formation of varied organic molecules which accounts for _____. • A. the sameness of living things

B. the diversity of living things C. both A and B___

•2. Which of the following is considered a macromolecule?

– A. nucleic acid B. amino acid C. fatty acid D. none of the above

___

•3. Organic molecules are ones that always contain __________.

– A. carbon and nitrogen B. hydrogen and carbon C. hydrogen and phosphorus D. carbon and potassium

___

•4. Inorganic molecules do not affect living things.

• True False___

•5. Which of the following is NOT one of the classes of primary organic molecules?

• A. carbohydrates B. proteins C. salts D. nucleic acids___

•6. Molecules that contain only carbon and hydrogen mix easily with water.

• True False___

•7. Since carbon has four electrons in its outermost shell it can bind to as many as _____ other atoms.

• A. two B. four C. six D. eight

___

•8. Functional groups of organic molecules __________.

• A. determine the polarity of an organic molecule B. have specific chemical characteristics C. can distinguish one type of organic molecule from another D. all of the above

___

•9. The process by which polymers are turned into monomers is called__________.

• A. condensation synthesis B. ionization C. hydrolysis D. phagocytosis

___

•10. During condensation synthesis, water and a bond are formed.

• True False

___

•11. Which is the INCORRECT association between monomer and polymer?

• A. monosaccharide - polysaccharide B. nucleic acid - polypeptide C. nucleotide - nucleic acid D. amino acid - polypeptide

___

•12. During hydrolysis, _____ is used to break a bond.

• A. starch B. cholesterol C. water D. DNA

___

•13. Carbons only bond with other carbons in a chain-like formation.

• True False___

•14. Isomers are molecules that are identical to each other in every way.

• True False___

•15. Carbohydrates typically have twice as many hydrogen atoms as they do carbon and oxygen atoms.

• True False

___

•16. Carbohydrates include all of the following EXCEPT ______.

• A. ribose B. glucose C. phospholipid D. starch

___

•17. A dissacharide contains two monosaccharides that were hooked together by ______.

• A. hydrolysis B. condensation___

•18. Which of the following is an isomer of glucose?

• A. chitin B. starch C. lactose D. fructose___

•19. Cellulose is easily digested by humans.

• True False___

•20. Dairy products contain the disaccharide _____, which some people are unable to digest.

• A. cellulose B. lactose C. starch D. glucose

___

•21. Plants store sugars in the form of _____ in their roots.

• A. starch B. cellulose C. glycogen D. chitin

___

•22. Which of the following functions is performed by carbohydrates?

• A. energy storage B. identification of cell type C. plant cell wall support D. all of the above___

•23. Which of the following polysaccharides is found in the exoskeletons of crabs and grasshoppers?

• A. glucose B. chitin C. glycogen D. maltose

___

•24. Animal cells store extra glucose as _____.

• A. starch B. chitin C. cellulose D. glycogen___

•25. Deoxyribose is the sugar found in _____.

• A. DNA B. RNA___

•26. Carbohydrates are commonly described as _____.

• A. oils B. waxes C. sugars D. proteins

___

•27. Which best describes a saturated fat?

• A. many C=C bonds in its fatty acids B. liquid at room temperature C. animal origin D. all of the above___

•28. Fats from plants are liquid at room temperature.

• True False___

•29. After hydrolysis of a triglyceride, we would have _____.

• A. many amino acids B. different types of nucleotides C. fatty acids and glycerol D. monosaccharides and disaccharides

___

•30. Diets high in saturated fat have been associated with cardiovascular disease.

• True False

___

•31. Which of the following is NOT a use/function of lipids?

• A. speed up chemical reactions B. insulation C. plasma membrane component D. long-term energy storage

___

•32. Lipids are generally _____ due to an absence of polar groups.

• A. hydrophobic B. hydrophilic C. inert

___

•33. _____ form the waterproof cuticle of plants that decreases water loss.

• A. oils B. steroids C. waxes D. phospholipids

___

•34. Phospholipids have a hydrophilic head (phosphate group) and hydrophobic tails (fatty acids).

• True False___

•35. The plasma membrane is primarily composed of _____.

• A. phospholipids B. waxes C. fats D. all of the above

___

•36. The Aqua Puffs cereal, in figure 3A, that has no saturated fat and no cholesterol would be a recommended food for someone trying to lower their risk of coronary heart disease.

• True False___

•37. Dieticians recommend that the majority of our dietary calories come from ______.

• A. saturated fats B. proteins C. carbohydrates D. cholesterol

___

•38. Which of the following statements about cholesterol is TRUE?

• A. It is a steroid. B. It is used to make the sex hormones, estrogen and testosterone. C. It has a backbone of four fused carbon rings. D. all of the above

___

•39. Which of the following can bring about a change in protein shape?

• A. temperature B. pH C. either A or B___

•40. The monomers of proteins are _____.

• A. amino acids B. monosaccharides C. glycerol D. nucleotides

___

•41. Which of the following specific kinds of proteins defends us against infectious agents?

• A. hormones B. transport proteins C. enzymes D. antibodies___

•42. Each of the twenty different amino acids has an amino group, a carboxyl group and an R group that distinguishes one amino acid from another.

• True False___

•43. The chemical characteristics of the amino acids are determined by their _____.

• A. amino group B. R group C. carboxyl group

___

•44. When you boil an egg, the white becomes hard because the albumin protein is denatured by the heat.

• True False

___

•45. The sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its _____.

• A. primary structure B. secondary structure C. tertiary structure D. quaternary structure

___

•46. All proteins have four levels of structure.

• True False___

•47. The bond between two amino acids is ______.

• A. formed by hydrolysis B. an ionic bond C. nonpolar D. know as a peptide bond___

•48. The three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide is associated with its _____.

• A. primary structure B. secondary structure C. tertiary structure D. quaternary structure___

•49. Once a protein has been denatured it will never regain its normal shape and function.

• True False___

•50. Which of the following acts as an intercellular messenger?

• A. hormone B. antibody C. enzyme

___

•51. DNA is single-stranded, but RNA is double-stranded.

• True False___

•52. In DNA, the number of purine bases always equals the number of pyrimidine bases.

• True False

___

•53. Which of the following is NOT found in a nucleotide?

• A. a pentose sugar B. phosphate C. peptide bonds D. a nitrogen-containing base

___

•54. Nucleotides joined together by condensation synthesis form _____.

• A. polypeptides B. nucleic acids C. polysaccharides D. lipids

___

•55. ATP is a high-energy molecule because two of its phosphate bonds are unstable and easily broken.

• True False___

•56. The two strands of DNA are held together by _____ between the purine and pyrimidine bases.

• A. ionic bonds B. hydrogen bonds C. covalent bonds

___

•57. The nucleotide that supplies energy for condensation synthesis is _____.

• A. adenosine triphosphate B. guanine C. thymine D. cytosine

___

•58. The molecule that stores the information about the order of amino acids in a protein is _____.

• A. ATP B. RNA C. DNA___

•59. DNA contains _____ type(s) of nucleotide(s).

• A. one B. two C. three D. four___

•60. The thymine nucleotide is always paired with the adenine nucleotide in DNA.

• True False___