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Suggested Reading:

1. Margaret P. Karns. (2005). InternationalOrganizations. New Delhi: Viva Books Private Limited

2. Joseph S. Nye Jr. (2000). Governance in a GlobalizingWorld. Washington: Brookings Institution Press

3. P. J. Simmons, ed. (2001).Managing Global Issues:Lessons Learned. Washington: Carnegie Endowmentfor International Peace

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6. What are the functions of IntergovernmentalOrganizations?

7. What are the theoretical foundations of GlobalGovernance?

8. What is the structure and functions of United

Nations?9. What is the structure and functions of Regional

Organizations?

10. What is the structure and functions of NGOs?

11. What is being done about human rights?

12. What is being done about environment?

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What characterized the Cold War?

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Sheer and senseless violence!

Country Warheads Country Warheads

Russia 12,000 United States 9,400

Britain 225 France 300

China 240 Israel 60-80

India 60-80 Pakistan 70-90

Israel 60-80

North Korea < 10

Total 22,400

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When Cold War ended, some writers suggested thathistory itself was at an end with the triumph of liberalcapitalism (Fukuyama 1989: The End of History)suggesting the end of ideological competition. Butthose high expectations have not borne out.

What we have instead is the self-fulfilling prophesy ofProf. Samuel P. Huntington with unilateralinterventions on the one hand and the worst form of

terrorism on the other hand. The end of Cold Warneither produced peace nor stability.

It is about time we stated working towards that !

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What changes have occurred at global level since 1990?

1.More trade, some of it between old rivals2.Lowering of trade barriers and tariffs

3.(Some nations suffer)

4.Strengthening of WTO

5.Emergence of regional organizations

6.Increased cooperation between nations

7.Increased competition between nations

8.Increase interdependence among nations9.Less wars between democracies

10.More wars between North and South

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Why does the world need peace and stability?

1.To develop Third World nations

2.To make benefitsof technology available to massesi.e. improve quality of life for all dwellers of the Planet

3.To save man from slavery of man (human rights)

4.To protect the Planet from impending environmentaldisaster

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What is Global Governance?

The sum of the many ways individuals andinstitutions, public and private, manage their commonaffairs. It is a continuing process through which

conflicting or diverse interests may be accommodatedand cooperative action may be taken. It includesformal as well as informal arrangements that peopleand institutions have agreed to or perceived to be in

their interests (Commission on Global Governance1995:2)

http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/download/1957.pdf

http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/download/1957.pdfhttp://www.odi.org.uk/resources/download/1957.pdf

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What are the pieces of Global Governance?

1.International rules or laws

2.Norms or soft Law (human rights, labour rights,conventions on climate change, biodiversity)

3.Structures, formal and informal4.IGOs, Regional Orgs, Military Alliances,International Courts, Global conferences, Group of 8,NGOs, Multinationals, Ad-hoc conference onLandmines Treaty

5.International Regimes (decision-making structuresfor a given problem such as nuclear proliferation)

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How are the IGOs classified?

By Geographic Scope:

Global: e.g. UN, WTO, WHO

Regional: e.g. ASEAN, EU, AU

Sub-regional: e.g. Gulf Cooperation Council(vis--vis OIC / Arab League)

By Purpose:General: e.g. UN, OAS

Specialized: e.g. WHO, WTO, UNICEF, ILO

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What are the Functions of IGOs?

Information gathering, analyzing and disseminating

Providing forums for exchange of views

Defining standards or norms of behavior

Drafting rules and treaties

Allocating resources, providing technical assistance,and relief

Deploying military forces

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What are the roles of NGOs?

NGOs are private voluntary organizations ofindividuals or associations that come together for acommon purpose, or, to advocate a common purpose

(human rights, peace, environment, etc.).

Examples:

Oxfam

Medicin Sans Frontier

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What are International Regimes?

International Regimes are decision-making structuresfor a given problem such as nuclear proliferation, airpollution, food aid, trade, telecommunications and

transportation. Working across internationalboundaries, principles, norms, rules and decision-making procedures are linked to one-another. Statesare expected to comply and settle disputes accordingly.

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What are the Issues in Global Governance?

Who gets what? (e.g. burning of coal for energy)

Legitimacy (e.g. UN General assembly vs. SecurityCouncil or US and Pakistan not signing NPT or

landmines Ottawa Treaty)Accountability (e.g. Cross-border terrorism)

Effectiveness (measuring success and failure)

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Case: The International Campaign to Ban Landmines

The use of land mines is controversial because they areindiscriminate weapons, harming soldier and civilianalike. They remain dangerous after the conflict in

which they were deployed has ended, killing andinjuring civilians and rendering land impassable andunusable for decades. To make matters worse, manyfactions have not kept accurate records (or any at all) of

the exact locations of their minefields, making removalefforts painstakingly slow. These facts pose seriousdifficulties in many developing nations where thepresence of mines hampers resettlement, agriculture,

and tourism.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Campaign_to_Ban_Landmineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Campaign_to_Ban_Landmines

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Landmines

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Campaign_to_Ban_Landmineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Campaign_to_Ban_Landmines

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ASSIGNMENT

Write a one-pager on any one global issue that youconsider important. How can the issue be addressed?

Submission: Thursday 15 September, 2011 at 1600 hrs

Marks: 2

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STUDENTS SEMINAR

Write a three-pager on any one of the UN agencies /bodies / organizations. How can Pakistan benefit fromits programmes?

Seminar date: Thursday ?? October, 2011 at 1600 hrs

Marks: 10