1 The Rise of the Ming The Rise of the Ming A. A. How Did the Ming Dynasty Begin? How Did the Ming Dynasty Begin? 1. 1. Kublai Khan died in 1294 and a series of Kublai Khan died in 1294 and a series of weak rulers weak rulers followed him. followed him. a. a. Mongol groups Mongol groups in Mongolia to the north in Mongolia to the north broke broke away away from the Yuan dynasty. from the Yuan dynasty. b. b. Many of the Many of the Chinese resented Chinese resented Mongol controls Mongol controls and wanted their own dynasty. and wanted their own dynasty. 2. 2. A series of A series of rebellions rebellions finally drove out the finally drove out the Mongols and in 1368 a rebel leader named Mongols and in 1368 a rebel leader named Zhu Zhu Yuanzhang Yuanzhang became emperor. became emperor. a. a. He He united united the country and set up his capital the country and set up his capital at at Nanjing Nanjing in southern China. in southern China. b. b. There, he founded the There, he founded the Ming Ming , or “ , or “ Brilliant Brilliant ,” ,” dynasty. dynasty.
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The Rise of the MingThe Rise of the MingA.A. How Did the Ming Dynasty Begin?How Did the Ming Dynasty Begin?
1.1. Kublai Khan died in 1294 and a series of Kublai Khan died in 1294 and a series of weak rulersweak rulers followed him.followed him.
a.a. Mongol groupsMongol groups in Mongolia to the north in Mongolia to the north broke awaybroke away from the Yuan dynasty.from the Yuan dynasty.
b.b. Many of the Many of the Chinese resentedChinese resented Mongol controls and Mongol controls and wanted their own dynasty.wanted their own dynasty.
2.2. A series of A series of rebellionsrebellions finally drove out the Mongols finally drove out the Mongols and in 1368 a rebel leader named and in 1368 a rebel leader named Zhu YuanzhangZhu Yuanzhang became emperor.became emperor.
a.a. He He unitedunited the country and set up his capital at the country and set up his capital at NanjingNanjing in southern China.in southern China.
b.b. There, he founded the There, he founded the MingMing, or “, or “BrilliantBrilliant,” dynasty.,” dynasty.
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The Rise of the MingThe Rise of the Ming3.3. Zhu changed his name to Zhu changed his name to Hong WuHong Wu, meaning , meaning
““Military EmperorMilitary Emperor”.”.
a.a. He was a He was a cruel leadercruel leader who trusted no one and killed who trusted no one and killed officials he suspected of officials he suspected of treasontreason, or disloyalty to the , or disloyalty to the government.government.
b.b. He ruled for 30 years and when he died his son He ruled for 30 years and when he died his son Yong Yong LeLe became emperor. became emperor.
4.4. In 1421 Yong Le moved the capital north to In 1421 Yong Le moved the capital north to BeijingBeijing and built a large area of palaces and government and built a large area of palaces and government buildings known as the buildings known as the Imperial CityImperial City..
a.a. The center of the Imperial City was known as the The center of the Imperial City was known as the Forbidden CityForbidden City because only top officials could enter. because only top officials could enter.
b.b. The Forbidden City had The Forbidden City had beautiful gardensbeautiful gardens and many and many palaces with palaces with thousandsthousands of of roomsrooms..
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Left:Left: Hong Hong WuWu
Right:Right: Yong Le Yong Le
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Chinese Imperial Chinese Imperial PalacePalace
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Forbidden Forbidden CityCity
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The Rise of the MingThe Rise of the MingB.B. How Did the Ming Reform China?How Did the Ming Reform China?
1.1. Ming Ming emperorsemperors made all the made all the decisionsdecisions but they still but they still needed needed officialsofficials to to carry outcarry out their orders. their orders.
a.a. The restored the The restored the civil service examinationscivil service examinations and made and made the tests even harder.the tests even harder.
b.b. Every few years Ming officials compiled a Every few years Ming officials compiled a censuscensus, or a , or a count of the number of people, to help them count of the number of people, to help them collect collect taxestaxes more accurately. more accurately.
2.2. In the early years of the Ming dynasty China’s In the early years of the Ming dynasty China’s economyeconomy began to began to growgrow..
a.a. Hong Wu ordered many of the Hong Wu ordered many of the canalscanals and and farmsfarms destroyed by the Mongols to be destroyed by the Mongols to be rebuiltrebuilt and ordered and ordered people to move to the new farms.people to move to the new farms.
b.b. He also ordered new He also ordered new forestsforests to be planted and new to be planted and new roadsroads to be paved. to be paved.
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The Rise of the MingThe Rise of the Ming3.3. AgricultureAgriculture thrived on the new lands and the thrived on the new lands and the Grand Grand
CanalCanal was repaired so that was repaired so that ricerice and other goods and other goods could be shipped from northern to southern China.could be shipped from northern to southern China.
a.a. They imported They imported new types of ricenew types of rice from southeast Asia from southeast Asia that grew faster.that grew faster.
b.b. This helped to This helped to feedfeed the growing number of people the growing number of people living in the cities.living in the cities.
4.4. The Ming also supported the The Ming also supported the silk industrysilk industry and and encouraged farmers to start growing encouraged farmers to start growing cottoncotton and and weaving cloth.weaving cloth.
a.a. For the first time, cotton became the cloth worn by For the first time, cotton became the cloth worn by most Chinese.most Chinese.
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The Rise of the MingThe Rise of the MingC.C. Chinese CultureChinese Culture
1.1. Chinese Chinese cultureculture also advanced under the Ming. also advanced under the Ming.
a.a. As merchants and artisans grew As merchants and artisans grew wealthierwealthier, they , they wanted to wanted to learn morelearn more and be and be entertainedentertained..
b.b. Writers produced many Writers produced many novelsnovels, or long fictional , or long fictional stories.stories.
c.c. They also enjoyed seeing They also enjoyed seeing dramasdramas on stage. on stage.
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China Explores the WorldChina Explores the WorldA.A. Who Was Zheng He?Who Was Zheng He?
1.1. Early Ming emperors were Early Ming emperors were curiouscurious about the about the worldworld outside of China and they wanted the rest of the outside of China and they wanted the rest of the world to know about China.world to know about China.
a.a. They built a They built a large fleet of shipslarge fleet of ships to travel along China’s to travel along China’s coast but they could sail the open sea if desired.coast but they could sail the open sea if desired.
2.2. From 1405 to 1431, Emperor Yong Le sent the fleet From 1405 to 1431, Emperor Yong Le sent the fleet on on sevenseven oversea voyages. oversea voyages.
a.a. He wanted to He wanted to tradetrade with other kingdoms, with other kingdoms, show offshow off China’s power, and demand that weaker kingdoms China’s power, and demand that weaker kingdoms pay pay tributetribute..
b.b. The leader of these journeys was a The leader of these journeys was a Chinese MuslimChinese Muslim and court official named and court official named Zheng HeZheng He..
c.c. His first fleet had 62 large ships, 250 smaller ships, His first fleet had 62 large ships, 250 smaller ships, and almost 2,800 men.and almost 2,800 men.
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China Explores the WorldChina Explores the Worldd.d. The largest ship was over The largest ship was over 440 feet long440 feet long making it making it
more than five times as long as the Santa Maria that more than five times as long as the Santa Maria that Christopher Columbus sailed 90 years later.Christopher Columbus sailed 90 years later.
B.B. Where Did Zheng He Travel?Where Did Zheng He Travel?1.1. Zheng He took his first fleet to Zheng He took his first fleet to southeast Asiasoutheast Asia..
a.a. In later voyages, he reached In later voyages, he reached IndiaIndia, sailed up the , sailed up the Persian GulfPersian Gulf to Arabia, and even landed in to Arabia, and even landed in East AfricaEast Africa..
b.b. In these areas he In these areas he traded Chinese goodstraded Chinese goods, like silk, , like silk, paper and porcelain for black silver, spices, wood and paper and porcelain for black silver, spices, wood and other goods.other goods.
c.c. When he was in Africa he bought giraffes and other When he was in Africa he bought giraffes and other animals for the animals for the emperor’s zooemperor’s zoo..
2.2. As a result of these voyages, Chinese merchants As a result of these voyages, Chinese merchants settled in Southeast Asia and India where they settled in Southeast Asia and India where they traded goods and traded goods and spread Chinese culturespread Chinese culture..
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China Explores the WorldChina Explores the World3.3. Despite the benefits of the voyages many Despite the benefits of the voyages many Chinese Chinese
officials complainedofficials complained that the trips cost too much. that the trips cost too much.
a.a. They also thought it was bad for China to be They also thought it was bad for China to be exposedexposed to the new ideas from the outside world.to the new ideas from the outside world.
4.4. ConfuciusConfucius taught that people should place loyalty to taught that people should place loyalty to society ahead of their own desires and to the society ahead of their own desires and to the Chinese officials, China’s merchants were disobeying Chinese officials, China’s merchants were disobeying this by working to gain money for themselves.this by working to gain money for themselves.
5.5. After Zheng He’s death in 1433, the Confucian After Zheng He’s death in 1433, the Confucian officials officials persuadedpersuaded the new emperor to the new emperor to stop the stop the voyagesvoyages..
a.a. The boats were taken apart and no more were allowed The boats were taken apart and no more were allowed to be built.to be built.
b.b. China’s China’s tradetrade with other countries with other countries declineddeclined and within and within 50 years, the shipbuilding technology was forgotten.50 years, the shipbuilding technology was forgotten.
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China Explores the WorldChina Explores the WorldC.C. The Europeans Arrive in ChinaThe Europeans Arrive in China
1.1. In 1514 a fleet from In 1514 a fleet from PortugalPortugal arrived off the coast of arrived off the coast of China and it was the China and it was the first timefirst time Europeans had ever Europeans had ever sailed to China and the first direct contact between sailed to China and the first direct contact between China and Europe since Marco Polo.China and Europe since Marco Polo.
2.2. The Portuguese The Portuguese wantedwanted China to China to tradetrade with them with them and they wanted to and they wanted to convertconvert the Chinese to the Chinese to ChristianityChristianity..
a.a. The Chinese were The Chinese were not impressednot impressed and thought the and thought the Europeans were Europeans were barbariansbarbarians, or uncivilized people., or uncivilized people.
3.3. At first they refused to trade with the Portuguese, At first they refused to trade with the Portuguese, but by 1600, they had allowed Portugal to but by 1600, they had allowed Portugal to set up a set up a trading posttrading post at the port of at the port of MacaoMacao in southern China. in southern China.
a.a. Goods were carried on ships from between Macao and Goods were carried on ships from between Macao and Japan but remained limited.Japan but remained limited.
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China Explores the WorldChina Explores the World4.4. IdeasIdeas from Europe did reach China. from Europe did reach China.
a.a. Christian missionariesChristian missionaries traveled to China on European traveled to China on European ships.ships.
b.b. Many of the missionaries were Many of the missionaries were JesuitsJesuits, a special group , a special group of Roman Catholic priests who were highly of Roman Catholic priests who were highly educatededucated..
c.c. Their Their scientific knowledgescientific knowledge impressed the Chinese. impressed the Chinese.
d.d. To get China to accept European ideas, the Jesuits To get China to accept European ideas, the Jesuits brought them brought them clocksclocks, , eyeglasseseyeglasses, and , and scientific scientific instrumentsinstruments..
e.e. Although they tried they were unable to convert many Although they tried they were unable to convert many Chinese to Christianity.Chinese to Christianity.
D.D. Why Did the Ming Dynasty Fall?Why Did the Ming Dynasty Fall?1.1. After a long era of prosperity and growth, the Ming After a long era of prosperity and growth, the Ming
dynasty began to dynasty began to declinedecline..
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China Explores the WorldChina Explores the Worlda.a. The emperors had The emperors had too much controltoo much control and the officials and the officials
had little desire to make improvements.had little desire to make improvements.
b.b. Over time Ming Over time Ming rulersrulers themselves themselves became weakbecame weak and and greedy officialsgreedy officials placed heavy taxes on the peasants, placed heavy taxes on the peasants, who began to revolt.who began to revolt.
c.c. As As law and order disappearedlaw and order disappeared, a people called the , a people called the ManchusManchus from Manchuria attacked China’s from Manchuria attacked China’s northern northern borderborder..
d.d. They defeated Chinese armies and They defeated Chinese armies and captured Beijingcaptured Beijing. In . In 1644 they set up a new dynasty.1644 they set up a new dynasty.
