1

Theme

Maximizing Asset Value with IOR / EOR

India Drilling & Exploration Conference (IDEC) –

201323-24 May 2013, Mumbai

ONGC a Wealth Creator

2Most valuable Indian PSU

IOR / EOR ??

IOR

EOR

…….includes all methods for supplementing natural reservoir forces and energy

• Pressure Maintenance, • Recycling of produced fluids• Secondary recovery in its original sense i.e. fluid injection

/stimulation/artificial lift within an economic limit.

…. defined as oil recovery by the injection of materials normally not present in reservoir.

• does exclude water-flooding and is intended to exclude all pressure maintenance processes.

Source : SPE Petroleum Reservoir Management Catalogue

3# 21 Energy Company in the World

IOR / EOR … Views from Literature

Quote :My definition for EOR is recovery of the oil left after a waterflood for any oil.

IOR is good Reservoir Engineering, horizontal wells, infill drilling etc. plus EOR.Unquote

Dr Farouq Ali, during a Webinar on 17 May 2012

IOR / EOR …. experience in ONGC

5A FORTUNE Global 500 Company

IOR-EOR ….

Sustained oil production of ~20 MMt in Majors

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Contribution of IOR/EOR scheme in Major Fields vis a vis ONGC Production

Contribution of IOR/EOR Programme

Case with natural decline

Targeted 15 major fields thru structured IOR/EOR schemes

• Acreage reduction

• Water Injection

Redistribution

• A/L Optimization

• Hi-tech drilling

6Most valuable Indian PSU

Next Campaign

• IOR for Major & Medium sized fields of Onshore

• Revamp/enhancement of surface facilities factored

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Production Profile IOR-2012 : OnshoreIOR-2012 Base

Rolling Dev Campaign in Offshore Majors

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• Integrated development

• Tapping Bypassed oil

• Improved Reservoir

characterization

7# 21 Energy Company in the World

Increasing Asset Value … IOR Examples

Offshore Carbonate Reservoir

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4060

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Base IOR (FR) IOR (RFR) IOR Ph- II

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8# 21 Energy Company in the World

EOR Efforts

Commercial Scale• Miscible Gas Injection

– Bold Reservoir Management decision to halt production to achieve MMP

• ISC Thermal Process– Largest ISC implementation in Heavy Oil belt - A game changer

• Polymer flood– Possibility of achieving + 36% RF as against 15% from water flood

• MEOR (now a Patented Technology)– Putting life to stripper wells thru huff-n-puff mode– Ready with MEOR in flood mode

Proven EOR Pilots• WAG in multi-layered reservoir• ASP in WON Future Vision of EOR

• Entry of ISC Process in Light Oil, CSS • Field Scale WAG• Low salinity / Low IFT water flood• Solution search for EOR in Offshore

9# 21 Energy Company in the World

Increasing Asset Value … EOR Examples

Miscible G.Inj. EOROct’1996

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Oil Production Performance of GS-12(Miscible Pool)

Oil Rate(m3/d) Act. Cum(m3/d)

Performance of Balol FieldPerformance of Balol Field

Miscible Gas Injection– Multi-layered reservoir– Depth 2000m– Sandstone with

heterogeneity– Temp ~ 120°C

Thermal Process– High viscosity (100 – 2000 cp)– Multi-layered reservoir– Moderate depth ~1200m– Sandstone with good K, Phi– Water drive

10# 21 Energy Company in the World

EOR Projects for Tomorrow

EOR technology : Some proven processes already in operation, several evolved to trial stage, and many more still in R&D phase

• LOSAL : Change in rock fluid interaction and multi cation exchange, releasing entrapped oil from rock surface

• Increased displacement efficiency of 10%.• Works better in presence of non swelling clays

• Viscoelastic surfactants : a new class of chemicals used to loosen grip of oil on rock by reducing interfacial tension

• Tight formations, high salinities • For reservoir temp. upto 100°C

• An Alkaline Surfactant Foam (ASF) flood with AS pre-flush : designed to recover all the oil present in core after water flooding

• Needs more studies to optimize the process

11# 21 Energy Company in the World

EOR Projects for Tomorrow

EOR technology : Some proven processes already in operation, several evolved to trial stage, and many more still in R&D phase

• Improving efficiency of cyclic steam by thermo-reversible gel-forming systems(GFS)

• Gel blocks high permeable channels and increases conformance of thermal steam treatment

• Heterogenetic combination flooding system of Preformed Particle Gel (PPG)• PPG’s 3D network and polymer chains lead to increased visco-elasticity

and sweep volume to improve recovery

• Colloidal Dispersion Gels (CDGs): CDGs lightly cross-linked polyacrylamide gels formed in-situ; Salinity independent and alternative to high salinity polymer flood projects requiring high polymer concentration

• Nanoparticles to increase viscosity of injection fluid and reduce mobility contrast• Can serve for IFT reduction, foam stabilization, and alteration of wettability

12# 21 Energy Company in the World

Concluding Thoughts …..

• No unique solution for every Field/Reservoir• Technology and Price Dependent• Infrastructure revamping coupled with high tech drilling/

completion will aid in improving Asset Value• Role of EOR is of prime importance for mature fields• New and emerging EOR technologies hold promise

Maximizing Asset Value with IOR/EOR – Is a Moving WIN Post (Continuous Exercise) – Thrust on Major fields to have global impact

40 % 50 %20 % 30 %

13A FORTUNE Global 500 Company

Recovery Mechanisms

Primary Recovery

Natural FlowArtificial Lift

Pump – Gas Lift etc.

Secondary Recovery

Tertiary Recovery

Water FloodPressure Maintenance

Water / Gas : Reinjection

Thermal

Miscible, SolventOthers

MEOR, CO2 ..

Chemical

Co

nven

tion

al R

ecovery

En

han

cedR

ecovery

14ONGC a Wealth Creator

IOR / EOR … Views from Literature

Of the two, the term EOR has clearer definition.

EOR refers to Reservoir Processes that recover oil not produced by Secondary Processes.

• Primary recovery uses natural energy to produce oil/gas• Secondary recovery uses injectants to re-pressurize the reservoir

and to displace oil to producers (WI, GI)• EOR Processes Target what is left

• Focuses on Rock/Oil/Injection system and interplay of Capillary and Viscous Forces

IOR refers to any practice to increase oil recovery that may include EOR processes, as well as practices to increase sweep such as infill drilling, horizontal wells etc.

Source : Guest Editorial, JPT 2003