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THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM .

M. Sanver CS Colloquium – Winter 2002

R.P. Feynman

“There’s plenty of room at the bottom”

by R.P.Feynman

Presented by

Mustafa Sanver

Winter 2002

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THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM .

M. Sanver CS Colloquium – Winter 2002

R.P. Feynman

Contents Richard Phillips Feynman, Biography There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom

Volumes of the Encyclopedia Britannica How do we write small? Information on a small scale Better electron microscope Miniaturizing the computer Miniaturizing by evaporation Rearranging the atoms High school competition

Chronological Development of Nanotechnology Feynman Grand Prize References Conclusion Questions & Answers

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THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM .

M. Sanver CS Colloquium – Winter 2002

R.P. Feynman

Richard Phillips Feynman, Biography

1918-1988

New York City, 1918

B.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1939

Ph.D. Princeton University, 1942

The atomic bomb project (1941-42)

Los Alamos (1943-45).

The chair of theoretical physics at Cornell University

The chair of theoretical physics at Caltech,1950-

1988

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THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM .

M. Sanver CS Colloquium – Winter 2002

R.P. Feynman

Richard Phillips Feynman, Biography (cont.)

• Albert Einstein Award, 1954 • 1959 Caltech Talk: There’s plenty of room at the

bottom• Feynman diagrams and the Nobel Prize, 1965• Niels Bohr International Gold Medal, 1973 • Member of the Rogers Commission, 1986• Los Angles, 1988

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M. Sanver CS Colloquium – Winter 2002

R.P. Feynman

Richard Phillips Feynman Biography (cont.)Remembered as

an extraordinarily brilliant theoretical physicist a Nobel laureate a best seller a passionate and inspiring teacher a witty and lucid public speaker a lover of practical jokes and extremely informal a devoted family man a strong advocate for honesty in science and public policy

Some of his Books Quantum Electrodynamics (1961) The Theory of Fundamental Processes (1961) The Feynman Lectures on Physics (1963-65) (3 volumes) The Character of Physical Law (1965) QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter (1985) Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman (1985)

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THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM .

M. Sanver CS Colloquium – Winter 2002

R.P. Feynman

There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom

December 29, 1959 “I would like to describe a field, in which little

has been done, but in which an enormous amount can be done in principle.”

“… the problem of manipulating and controlling things on a small scale”.

Nail size electric motors, device to write the Lord’s Prayer

“In the year 2000,…”

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THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM .

M. Sanver CS Colloquium – Winter 2002

R.P. Feynman

Volumes of the Encyclopedia Britannica

• Head of a pin = 1/16” inch• Magnify by 25000 diameters• Eye power is 1/120 inch or half of “i”• Demagnify 25000=80 Angstroms=32 atoms

across=1000 atoms• Writing: raised letters of metal,1/25000• Reading: mold-thin film of silica-shadowing with

gold• Copying: easy

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THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM .

M. Sanver CS Colloquium – Winter 2002

R.P. Feynman

How do we write small

• Reverse the lenses of the electron microscope • Photo process and metal ions• Light and optical microscope• 24 millions of volumes of books• 3 square yards = 35 pages of the Encyclopedia

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THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM .

M. Sanver CS Colloquium – Winter 2002

R.P. Feynman

How do we write small (cont.)

• Positioning single atoms with a scanning tunneling microscope(STM)

D. M. Eiger & E. K. Schweizer (NATURE VOL 344 5 APRIL 1990)

• Bucky Ball Abacus

Maria Teresa Cuberes, James K. Gimzewski, and Reto R. Schlittler Applied Physics Letters, Vol 69, Num 20 (p. 3016),1996

•http://www.rpi.edu/dept/materials/COURSES/NANO/shaw/Page3.html

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THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM .

M. Sanver CS Colloquium – Winter 2002

R.P. Feynman

Information on a small scale

• Each letter = 6-7 “bits”• Not only surface but the interior of the material• Each bit = a cube of 5x5x5 atoms cube• 2x10^15 bits in the Encyclopedia• 1/200 inch wide cube of material

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THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM .

M. Sanver CS Colloquium – Winter 2002

R.P. Feynman

Information on a small scale (cont.) Atomic Force Microscope

(AFM) Writing

Plastic substrate containing data written with an electron beam at 64Gbits(64x10^9)/sq.in.

IBM Deskstar 25GP has the world's highest areal density (3.74 billion bits) or bits per square inch of any desktop PC hard drive.

11/11/1998 •http://www.almaden.ibm.com

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THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM .

M. Sanver CS Colloquium – Winter 2002

R.P. Feynman

Better electron microscope

• How to read today• 10 angstroms• Improvement by 100 times• Resolution• Wave length of the electron=1/20A• Answering biological questions • Easing chemical processes and analysis

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THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM .

M. Sanver CS Colloquium – Winter 2002

R.P. Feynman

Better electron microscope (cont.)

1. Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM) (schematic) Approximate Resolution 10 nm

2. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) Resolution approximately 0.5 nm.

3. High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HREM) Resolution approximately 0.1 nm.

http://www.rpi.edu/dept/materials/COURSES/NANO/shaw/

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THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM .

M. Sanver CS Colloquium – Winter 2002

R.P. Feynman

Better electron microscope (cont.)

One of the most effective advancements in microscopy is Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM).

4. The Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) was the first tool to be used in positioning atoms one at a time

(Schematic)

Resolution is 0.01 A

5. Another Breakthrough in Atomic Resolution and Atomic Manipulation is the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM)

Resolution is 0.01 Ahttp://www.rpi.edu/dept/materials/COURSES/NANO/shaw/

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THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM .

M. Sanver CS Colloquium – Winter 2002

R.P. Feynman

Miniaturizing the computer

• Wires should be 10 or 100 atoms in diameter • Circuits should be a few thousand angstroms across • Millions of times as many elements • Find the best way to make the calculation

• “But there is plenty of room to make them smaller. There is nothing that I can see in the physical laws that says the computer elements cannot be made enormously smaller than they are now. In fact, there may be certain advantages.”

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THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM .

M. Sanver CS Colloquium – Winter 2002

R.P. Feynman

Miniaturizing the computer(cont.)

Nanotube & Nanodevice

Philip G. Collins, A. Zettl, Hiroshi Bando, Andreas Thess, R. E. Smalley Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Science VOL 278 3 OCTOBER 1997 pg.100

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THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM .

M. Sanver CS Colloquium – Winter 2002

R.P. Feynman

Miniaturizing by evaporation

Evaporate the material Manufacture like the big ones

Problems in such small machines Weight and inertia Electrical system Lubrication Combustion engine

Micro Machine picture taken from yahoo/toys.com

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THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM .

M. Sanver CS Colloquium – Winter 2002

R.P. Feynman

Miniaturizing by evaporation(cont.)

Micro-actuator for Use in Credit Card Size Hard Drives

Approximately 3 mm square

Silicon Micromachined Electromagnetic Microactuators for Rigid Disk Drives, 1995

http://touch.caltech.edu/home/personnel/faculty/yctai/yctaifr.html

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THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM .

M. Sanver CS Colloquium – Winter 2002

R.P. Feynman

Rearranging the atoms

• Perfect copies • New kinds of forces and new kinds of possibilities • Chemical synthesis

Simple Pump designed by K. Eric Drexler

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THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM .

M. Sanver CS Colloquium – Winter 2002

R.P. Feynman

Nanobot

Nanobots drilling into a tumor

http://post.uwstout.edu/b/bushmane/gr4.htm

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THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM .

M. Sanver CS Colloquium – Winter 2002

R.P. Feynman

NanoGitar1997

http://post.uwstout.edu/b/bushmane/gr4.htm

5 x 10-7m = 500nm long

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THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM .

M. Sanver CS Colloquium – Winter 2002

R.P. Feynman

High school competition

§ ``How's this?'' - ``i'' it says: ``Not so hot.''

§ $1,000 prize for a page of book put into 1/25000 smaller scale to read with electron microscope

§ $1000 prize for an operating electric motor

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THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM .

M. Sanver CS Colloquium – Winter 2002

R.P. Feynman

Chronological Nanotechnology

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THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM .

M. Sanver CS Colloquium – Winter 2002

R.P. Feynman

Feynman Grand Prize:

• Foresight Institute• $250,000• Nano-scale robotic arm and a computing device• $1 million• http://www.foresight.org

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THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM .

M. Sanver CS Colloquium – Winter 2002

R.P. Feynman

http://www.zyvex.com/nanotech/feynmanWeb.html

http://www.foresight.org

http://www.boston.com/globe/search/stories/nobel/1988/1988t.html

http://www.nobel.se/physics/laureates/1965/feynman-bio.html

http://www.scs-intl.com/trader

http://www.search.caltech.edu/archives

http://wwwcdf.pd.infn.it/~loreti/science.html

http://www-groups.dcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Feynman.html

http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki

http://www3.ocn.ne.jp/~tttabata/tabfe2.htm

http://www.capitalizingonchange.org/forrest/df7.htm

http://nanozine/NANOMED.htm

http://post.uwstout.edu/b/bushmane/gr4.htm

http://www.almaden.ibm.com

References

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THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM .

M. Sanver CS Colloquium – Winter 2002

R.P. Feynman

Conclusion

• “The principle of physics, as far as I can see, do not speak against the possibility of maneuvering things atom by atom.”, 1959

• Where are you in nanotechnology?

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THERE’S PLENTY OF ROOM AT THE BOTTOM .

M. Sanver CS Colloquium – Winter 2002

R.P. Feynman

Questions and Answers

HairjacksMicro-Medics 2

Nanomedicine Theme