Date post: | 20-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
View: | 216 times |
Download: | 0 times |
1
UC BERKELEY
UC DAVIS
UC MERCED
UC SANTA CRUZ
Eldercare April 2006
Ruzena Bajcsy, Mike Eklund, Shankar Sastry, Steve Glaser
Presentation by Ruzena Bajcsy
2
White House Forum: Technologiesfor Successful Aging (10/4-5/00)
White House Forum: Technologiesfor Successful Aging (10/4-5/00)
Number of senior in U.S. estimated to increase from over 33 million today to:
» 53 million in 2020» 77 million in 2040
By 2023, the demographic profile for the nation will be similar to the profile in Florida today.
3
Parent Support Ratio:1950-2050Parent Support Ratio:1950-2050
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1950 1990 2010 2030 2050
No. +85
As the number of elderly needing care increases, the number of potential caregivers decreases.
Today, 1 in 4 U.S.families care for anolder adult.
By 2005, nearly40% of U.S. workerswill be more concerned caring fora parent than a child.
Source: U. S. Census
Persons 85+ per100 people 50-64 years old
4
85+80-8475-7970-7465-6960-6455-5950-5445-4940-4435-3930-3425-2920-2415-1910-145-90-4
Age
1950(150,216,000)
1980(227,658,000)
2000(267,955,000)
2030(304,807,000)
Squaring the U.S. Population Pyramid1950-2030
Squaring the U.S. Population Pyramid1950-2030
5
Opportunities and ChallengesOpportunities and Challenges
Technologies that meet the challenges of aging will be increasingly valuable
We must identify collaborative, technology transfer, technology development and deployment opportunities for government, industry, and academia that help improve the independence, mobility, security, and health of aging U.S. citizens
We must examine potential opportunities and barriers and identify and prioritize recommendations both near and long term, including Grand Challenge class recommendations
6
Focus on Fall detectionFocus on Fall detection
While our agenda is much broader , that is we are interested in a comprehensive program of integrating sensory, wireless technology , embedded systems into an architecture that would facilitate monitoring the elderly population
Their medical records s well as their daily activities.
In this presentation we shall discuss only one aspect that is the Fall detection and alarm system.
7
Worldwide healthcare crisis is hereWorldwide healthcare crisis is here
- Every major world economy has health as biggest percentageEvery major world economy has health as biggest percentage- Nursing shortage in many parts of the worldNursing shortage in many parts of the world- South Korea and Japan technology infrastructureSouth Korea and Japan technology infrastructure
Trend #2Trend #2
8
Elder care is returning home againElder care is returning home againPoor Houses / AlmshousesPoor Houses / Almshouses
““pauper”pauper”
Insane AsylumInsane Asylum““inmate”inmate”
HospitalHospital““patient”patient”
Assisted LivingAssisted Living““resident”resident”
HomeHome““grandma”grandma”
Nursing HomeNursing Home““senior citizen”senior citizen”
HomeHome““grandma”grandma”
Only way to save costs but Only way to save costs but increase quality is home care.increase quality is home care.
Home care is fastest growing Home care is fastest growing segment of health industry.segment of health industry.
Trend #3Trend #3
9
Convergence is actually happeningConvergence is actually happening
• Everyday health through everyday devicesEveryday health through everyday devices• Everything is a touchpoint to everything elseEverything is a touchpoint to everything else• Every device has a chip, every chip as a radioEvery device has a chip, every chip as a radio
Trend #4Trend #4
10
1. Proactive Health Lab in various Institutions1. Proactive Health Lab in various Institutions
http://www.intel.com/research/prohealth/
11
SensorNet OverviewSensorNet Overview
Fall Detector
Berkeley Mote
RS-232
RS-232
E.g. Bluetooth Sender
E.g. Bluetooth Sender
Berkeley
MoteSensors
Zigbee
Sensors
Mobile Gateway
Home Health System
Mobile Phone
Integrated
Camera
Internetand/or
telephone
Berkeley
Mote s
Hospital
Terminal, WLAN
12
Security and Privacy: WirelessSecurity and Privacy: Wireless
Bluetooth has built in (and evolving) security. » There are three modes of security for Bluetooth access
between two devices.• Security Mode 1: non-secure• Security Mode 2: service level enforced security• Security Mode 3: link level enforced security
ZigBee (802.15.4) security includes methods for » key establishment, » key transport, » frame protection, and » device management.
13
Wireless Network: CapabilitiesWireless Network: Capabilities
E.g., Wireless video consultation» Uses local Bluetooth, 802.11 network and/or ethernet» Monitor sensors, medical devices, etc.
Fall DetectorSensorsUser, or Health Care
Professional , etc
Server
Health Care Professional
14
Fall DetectorFall Detector
Features:» 3-axis, ±10 g accelerometers» on board GPS» Battery powered» RS-232 connection» C programmable» 80 Hz sampling» 4 hours recording,
or continuous streaming Functionality:
» Record or stream accelerometer data for testing» Embedded fall detection algorithms» Connect to Bluetooth radio
• Bluegiga device• Initiate a connection with a control device, i.e. the home or
mobile gateway
15
Basic Signal ProcessingBasic Signal Processing
Raw XYZ
Calibration
Low Pass 1 Low Pass 2
CoordinateTransformation
Align toWorld XYZ
PoseRecovery
MotionClassification
Three steps:» Calibration» Filtering
• Remove transients and noise
» Coordinate Transformation
• For pose recovery and orientation
16
Pose Recovery (of device):Filtering & TransformationPose Recovery (of device):Filtering & Transformation
Gravity is always present» Use low pass filters to reveal
the Earth frame of reference Transform to Spherical
Coordinates to reveal gravity and orientation
( )
( )
2 2 2
2 2
arctan
arctan
R x y z
y x
x y z
θ
φ
= + +
=
= +
XYZ Data, filtered and not
Spherical Data, filtered and not
Angle off vertical (rad) Φ
Gravity
Rotation θ
17
The Experiment in SonomaThe Experiment in Sonoma
We have conducted 3 experiments each with 3-5 people wearing our device for approximately two hours.
First we have instructed the persons to perform repeated sit-down stand-up, walk on stairs, walk on floor, each for 5 times during which we recorded the acceleration.
Second we left the person to do normal activities while wearing the sensor for approximately 1 ½ hours.
18
Activities of InterestsActivities of Interests
Activities of Daily Living» Walking» Sitting» Standing» Other normal activities
Falls» Categorizing the types and severities
19
Example ResultsExample Results
The recorded data from accelerometer based fall sensor is analyzed and replayed with this Matlab program.
Examples» an elderly woman walking
with a walker (top right), » a woman sitting down (top
left), » a woman standing up
(bottom right)» a man stretching his arm
(bottom left)
20
Example of Identifying ADLs: SittingExample of Identifying ADLs: Sitting
Heavy lines represent average results in X, Y, Z
21
Example of Identifying ADLs: StandingExample of Identifying ADLs: Standing
Heavy lines represent average results in X, Y, Z
22
Example of Identifying ADLs: WalkingExample of Identifying ADLs: Walking
Heavy lines represent average results in X, Y, Z
23
Comparing: falling and sittingComparing: falling and sitting
Falling (Trained Judo-ist)
0 100 200 300-2
0
2
4
6X Accel
0 100 200 300-2
-1
0
1
2Y Accel
0 100 200 300-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3Z Accel
0 100 200 3000
2
4
6
8Norm
Sitting (Septuagenarian)
0 200 400 600 800-2
0
2
4
6X Accel
0 200 400 600 800-2
-1
0
1
2Y Accel
0 200 400 600 800-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3Z Accel
0 200 400 600 8000
2
4
6
8Norm
24
Lessons learnedLessons learned
While the signal for sit-down and stand-up a clear distinguishable characteristics, it is also clear that there are substantial differences from person to person that need to be accounted in order to avoid false positives.
This suggest that the data must be normalized with respect to the weight and height of the person.
25
But what about in-between?But what about in-between?
False positives» Unnecessary alerts, worries» At the least very bothersome
False negatives» Critical problem
Solution must be very robust:» Good algorithms and devices» User interaction» Sensor fusion» Reliability
26
Respect for PrivacyRespect for Privacy
As we interviewed the participants we learned that if they indeed would have fallen, they wish to alert» first the neighbors » then the children/relatives » and only later the 911