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UNIVERSITE M. MAMMERI.TIZI -OUZOU ALGERIA

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M. BENAKKILPCQ

UNIVERSITE M. MAMMERI TIZI-OUZOU

ALGERIE 

A Brief View on Scientific Research in Algeria  Algeria – UE Cooperation

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I- History of research in AlgeriaI- History of research in Algeria

Beginning 1962

Four stages

First (1962-1970) and second (1970-1982) stages : Starting of the activity + Constitution of the research potential (Training)

    Turbulence and institutional instability At least five ministerial supervisions followed one another!

The third stage (1983 – 1994) :

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Creation of four national research agencies :

• National Agency for Health

Research of Development.

• National Fond of Scientific Research and the

Technology.

•National Agency for Atomic Energy.

•National Agence of university Research.

+Creation of the legal framework: 

The fourth stage 1995–2002

Promulgation of :

- 1st law on research (law 98-11)

- Article 2 consacrate research as

a national priority.

- Gradually 1% of the GDP devoted to research.

- Since 2004 it is 0.35%, and gradually will reach 1%.

- Against : 0.7% for Tunisia and Morocco

- Before 2004: 0.18% of the GDP is devoted to research !

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II- Current State of scientific research

1°_The Universities (Formation Aspect).

2°_ Extra University: Industrial establishments (research and development aspect) through :

- R & D Laboratories.

- Mixed Groups of research (University- Industry)

NB: - Relations Companies - University under developed - Few research results reach the stage of valorisation.

The research activity is carried out in two kind of organisation:

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Higher Education Network:

· 27 Universities · 16 University Centers · 5 National Schools · 6 National Institutes · 4 Higher schools for Teacher training

Total: 58 establishments

41 University cities

In contrast : 1962 , 01 University et 02 Great schools

With:

· 5226 research Groups · 616 Research Laboratories · 06 Units of Research · 09 Research centers · 03 Agencies of research

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- 6000 Researchers: The progression is important!

Staff :

2005: -16 000 Permanent researchers or part-time ( university - researchers) divided as following:

 12.000 researchers affiliated to Universities and

higher schools.

4.000 researchers affiliated to research centers.

1997:

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Students

0

100000200000

300000

400000500000

600000

700000800000

900000

1962 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005

Year 1962 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005 

teachers 

298 842 6207 14436 17460 25229

Students

2725 12024 57044 181135 446004 800000

teachers

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

1962 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005

Evolution of Student / Teacher populations:Evolution of Student / Teacher populations:

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Post-Graduation Students :

Year 1980 1990 2000 2005  

Students 2634 14853 22846 33630

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Thesis in Co-supervision (since 2003) :

Goals:

To set up and develop a scientic cooperation between Algeria and its partners.

International Recognition of the Algerian

diplomas Students mobility.

The reform of teaching and the introduction of LMD system.

Beginning of application: 2004

Recently:

Total swing: 2012.

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Training in foreign countries :

Three types:

Short-term formation (01-03 months)

Medium-term formation (03-12 months)

Long -term formation (> 01 year)

Important fact: A large number of granted students did not come back the country:

Between 1992 and 1996, 400.000 graduate have expatriated of which 3000 computer scientists!!! and 7000 Doctors!!! It is the equivalent of 10 years training of whole Algerian Universities!! 

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III International Cooperation :III International Cooperation :

Algeria has some collaboration programs with foreign countries :

In the horizon 2010 - 2014: one and half million students are expected to join Universities.

Collaboration is directed towards the TRAINING

1- Cooperation with France :

It should be noted that this cooperation is much developed with France

because for the : - Geographical - Historical - Linguistical

Reasons : 80% of projects are carried out with FRANCE

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- CMEP - CNRS - PICS

Since 2003:

The High Council of French -Algerian University Research has been Instituted .

Missions :

To direct and validate the programs.

To initiate new cooperation programs.

To contribute to development of sustainable partnerships between the higher instutitions of both countries.

Exemple of existing projects :

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TEMPUSEuro-Med programNATO

2- With EU:

Exemple of existing projects:

3 – With some former Eastern European countries.

4 –With America: Canada, USA, Argentina, Brazil.

5 - Within the framework of the NEPAD: South Africa and Nigeria.

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IV- Example of ResearchIV- Example of Research LaboratoryLaboratory

Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Quantique (LPCQ) Université M. MAMMERI de TIZI-OUZOU :

Exists since: 1990 (without finance)Official creation : 2000Research Groups : 06

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1 – ab-initio study of magnetic and optical properties of nanomaterials containing transition metals.

2 - Study of phase transition and atomic mobility by Monte Carlo, molecular dynamics simulations, in situ resistivity and neutron scattering.

3 - Modeling of clusters: application to Lasers with Excimers.

4 – Electronic structure of solid.

5 - Thermal and magnetic excitations of systems with low dimensions.

6 - Correlation between the dielectric breakdown and the space charge of solid insulators.

Developed topics:

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Scientific links with Universities of :

- Strasbourg (ULP).- Toulouse (UPS).- Paris (PMC).- Le Mans (U. Du Maine) - Lille.- Orléans.- Metz.-Valladolid

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Team of M. BENAKKI :Team of M. BENAKKI :

Calculation of the magnetism of low

dimensionality systems

Calculation of optical properties

in situ resistivity.

   Studies of the kinetics of ordering in the binary

Compounds containing transition metals by:

Monte Carlo / molecular dynamics Simulations.

Neutron diffuse and inelastic diffusion

Developed topics:

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Collaborations: Collaborations:

University Louis Pasteur of StrasbourgAnd since 1994 University of Valladolid, Spain ( S. Bouarab)

Origin of the collaboration:

M. Benakki (DEA in 1979 + Doctorate 3rd cycle in 1982 and Phd in 1989 at laboratory LMSES (Profs E. Daniel and F.Gautier)

S. Bouarab (Phd in 1993)

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French Group (ULP of Strasbourg) :

- M.C. Cadeville (since 1993)- C. Demangeat (since 1990)- H. Dreyssé (since 1990)- P. Panissod (since 1990)- V. Pierron-Bohnes (since 1993)- C. Goyhennex (since 2002)- M. A. Khan (since 1993)

Algerian Group :

-  M. Benakki-  S. Bouarab-  H. Bouzar-  M. Zemirli- A. Ziane

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Research projects between Louis Pasteur and Tizi-Ouzou Research projects between Louis Pasteur and Tizi-Ouzou UniversitiesUniversities

Projet Accord-Programme (CMEP) code : "93 MEN 222".Title : " Local study of order and surface,

interface magnetism in alloys containing transition metals."Responsables: Algerian side: M. BENAKKI.

French side: Mrs. C. CADEVILLE.

    Projet Accord-Programme (CMEP) code : "99 MDU 449".Title : " Experimental and theoretical study of the structural

and magnetic properties of alloys containing transition metals. ”Responsables: Algerian side: M. BENAKKI.

French side: Mrs. C. CADEVILLE

1993-1999 :

1999-2001 

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Projet DEF/ CNRS, code : SPM 12329 (2002) et SPM 13712 (2003)Title : Magnetic and optical properties of artificial materials

With technological interest.Responsables: Algerian side : S. BOUARAB.

French side : C. DEMANGEAT (Strasbourg)

2003-2006 :

2001-2004 :

NATO Projet Code : PST.CLG.979708Title : Electronic and structural properties of low-dimensional

systems related to nanotechnology.Responsables: Algerian side : S. BOUARAB.

Spain side  : A. Vega (Valladolid)

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NB :   Moreover, there are unofficial collaboration, in particular,

in the field of post-graduates training.

-At least 80 scientific leaves / missions financed by these projects.

-Thus, these projects allowed a fair mobility to the group members.

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Computer codes used:Computer codes used:

For Magnetism and optical properties :

1990- 1998 : Tight-binding method –direct space (recursion method)1998-2004 : LMTO-ASA and TB-TMTO-ASA methods.2004- .... : DACAPO and SIESTA

For Kinetics of transformations:

1993-2001: Monte Carlo simulations. 2001 -…. : Double approach:

Molecular Dynamics / Monte Carlo simulations.

Experiment: - in situ Resistivity at Tizi-Ouzou in collaboration with ULP- Strasbourg.- Neutron scattering with LLB- Saclay.

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Scientific assessment / Reaserch Aspect :

Publications: Magnetism aspect : 60 articles (since 1990) Optical properties aspect: 10 (since 2000) Kinetics of transformation aspect: 11 (since 1996).

Scientific assessment : Training aspect (since 1998)

04 Phd. 12 Magister

Acquisition of equipment :

-Design and implementation of experimental set-up of in situ resistivity in collaboration with Strasbourg.

Conference:The 1rst Tizi-Ouzou French scientific cooperation:

assessment and perspectives .Organized at Tizi-Ouzou, November 11-14, 2005.

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V- CONCLUSION-PERSPECTIVES :V- CONCLUSION-PERSPECTIVES :

But owing to his recent legislation encouraging research And its reform of teaching (LMD)

On the one hand

The association of Algeria with the E U can:

Accelerate its integration within the world economy.   Bring gradual evolution towards European models Indroduce new partners like Spain and Italy which Share with us some problems: Water, environment .....

Algeria is a young country in the field of research ...

In another handThe perspectives for the activity of research are promising.

The ratio of the youth population

Fluency with an international language: French.

Major advantages: