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Unix/Linux – Unix/Linux – Windows Windows

InternetworkingInternetworkingBy By

Deanna La FaveDeanna La Fave

Raymond KwanRaymond Kwan

Dennis J. WongDennis J. Wong

CIS 454 Local Area NetworkCIS 454 Local Area Network

Professor M. GanesanProfessor M. Ganesan

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Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline

Ice BreakerIce Breaker Unix OverviewUnix Overview Linux’s StrengthLinux’s Strength Major Distributions of LinuxMajor Distributions of Linux SambaSamba Practical Customization of Samba on a Practical Customization of Samba on a

Linux ServerLinux Server Setting Up SWAT to Remotely Configure Setting Up SWAT to Remotely Configure

Samba on a Windows ClientSamba on a Windows Client

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What’s Behind The Movie What’s Behind The Movie “Titanic”?“Titanic”?

Computing Power!Computing Power! 350 SGI systems running IRIX6 (Already 350 SGI systems running IRIX6 (Already

over budget!) over budget!) 200 Alpha system, 105 Running RedHat 200 Alpha system, 105 Running RedHat

Linux 4.1 (Saved a lot!); 55 on NT 4; Linux 4.1 (Saved a lot!); 55 on NT 4; Reminding used Digital Unix 4.Reminding used Digital Unix 4.

5TB (About 5,000GB) Hard Disk 5TB (About 5,000GB) Hard Disk CapacityCapacity

100Mbps Ethernet100Mbps Ethernet NFS Connects IRIX and LinuxNFS Connects IRIX and Linux Samba Connects NT and LinuxSamba Connects NT and Linux

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What Did Linux Contribute What Did Linux Contribute

to the Movie “Titanic”?to the Movie “Titanic”?

Simulation and Rendering Simulation and Rendering ProcessingProcessing

3.5 times faster than SGI systems3.5 times faster than SGI systems Running 24 hours a day, never Running 24 hours a day, never

stopped for 3 months to finish the stopped for 3 months to finish the special effects in the film.special effects in the film.

Linux’s commercial potential Linux’s commercial potential catches attention!catches attention!

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UNIXUNIX

First developed in 1969 by Ken First developed in 1969 by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie at Thompson and Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs.Bell Labs.

1977 SCO Unix1977 SCO Unix 1983 Sun OS1983 Sun OS 1986 IBM AIX1986 IBM AIX 1991 Linux1991 Linux

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Linux OverviewLinux Overview

A free Unix-type OS A free Unix-type OS Created by Linus Torvalds at Created by Linus Torvalds at

University of Helsiniki in FinlandUniversity of Helsiniki in Finland 1991 development began1991 development began 1994 Linux Kernel 1.0 released1994 Linux Kernel 1.0 released 1999 Version 2.2 (current version)1999 Version 2.2 (current version)

Currently estimated 12 million Currently estimated 12 million users.users.

Source: http://counter.li.org/

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Linux’s StrengthsLinux’s Strengths

Multi-platformMulti-platform IntelIntel SparcSparc AlphaAlpha Mac/Power PCMac/Power PC

Multi-userMulti-user Multi-taskingMulti-tasking Built on Open StandardsBuilt on Open Standards ReliableReliable

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Linux’s Strengths (cont.)Linux’s Strengths (cont.) Lowers cost of both desktop and server Lowers cost of both desktop and server

compared to traditional Unix and compared to traditional Unix and Microsoft OS.Microsoft OS. Low resource requirementsLow resource requirements

Intel 386 compatible or betterIntel 386 compatible or better 2MB Ram 2MB Ram 10MB hard disk space10MB hard disk space

No licensing headacheNo licensing headache Compare for yourself Compare for yourself

http://www.http://www.linuxrxlinuxrx.com/WS_Linux/OS_comparison.html.com/WS_Linux/OS_comparison.html

Source: http://howto.tucows.com/LDP/FAQ/Linux-FAQ.html

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Server Market ShareServer Market Share

19981998 19991999

LinuxLinux 16%16% 25%25%

MS Windows NTMS Windows NT 38%38% 38%38%

Novell NetWareNovell NetWare 23%23% 19%19%

Unix (all Unix (all versions)versions)

19%19% 15%15%

OtherOther 4%4% 3%3%

Source: Morris, John. “Linux at Large.” PC Magazine, April 2000: 75.

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Distributions of LinuxDistributions of Linux

There are various distributors of Linux. There are various distributors of Linux. A few major Distributors are:A few major Distributors are:

Caldera LinuxCaldera Linux www.calderasystems.comwww.calderasystems.com Corel Linux Corel Linux www.linux.corel.comwww.linux.corel.com Mandrake LinuxMandrake Linux

www.linux-mandrake.comwww.linux-mandrake.com RedRedHat LinuxHat Linux www.redhat.comwww.redhat.com SuSE Linux SuSE Linux www.suse.comwww.suse.com TurboLinux TurboLinux www.turbolinux.comwww.turbolinux.com

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Caldera LinuxCaldera Linux

Caldera OpenLinux is a multi-tasking, Caldera OpenLinux is a multi-tasking, multi- user operating system that gives multi- user operating system that gives you theyou the

power and reliability of UNIX.power and reliability of UNIX. OpenLinux is Caldera's "distribution" OpenLinux is Caldera's "distribution" OpenLinux is ideal for small, medium, OpenLinux is ideal for small, medium,

and large companies needs to optimize and large companies needs to optimize how much they want to spent on how much they want to spent on existing systems, hardware, & training existing systems, hardware, & training

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Corel LinuxCorel Linux

Good Features of Corel:Good Features of Corel: Easy installation of softwareEasy installation of software Allows dual boot systemAllows dual boot system Friendly drag and drop designFriendly drag and drop design Easily used to share Windows filesEasily used to share Windows files

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Mandrake LinuxMandrake Linux

An enhanced version of An enhanced version of RedRedHat Hat LinuxLinux

It has a powerful Graphical It has a powerful Graphical DesktopDesktop

Comes with Apache Web Server, Comes with Apache Web Server, Netscape Communicator, and Netscape Communicator, and various other softwarevarious other software

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RedRedHat LinuxHat Linux

Made for ease of use and Made for ease of use and installation.installation.

Configures TCP/IP for you.Configures TCP/IP for you. The new packaging system is made The new packaging system is made

to allow upgrading to new Red Hat to allow upgrading to new Red Hat releases without reinstalling your releases without reinstalling your system.system.

No partitioning or backing up all No partitioning or backing up all your files needed for upgrading. your files needed for upgrading.

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SuSE LinuxSuSE Linux

Made for users of all Levels, novice Made for users of all Levels, novice - expert- expert

Allows users to configure the Allows users to configure the system for fine tuning their systemsystem for fine tuning their system

Supports the newest high end Supports the newest high end Graphic CardGraphic Card

German version availableGerman version available

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TurboLinuxTurboLinux

Very popular in AsiaVery popular in Asia Geared towards corporate needs as Geared towards corporate needs as

well as the home desktop. well as the home desktop. Available in English, Japanese, and Available in English, Japanese, and

Chinese Chinese Contains powerful desktop Contains powerful desktop

applications such as StarOffice and applications such as StarOffice and Netscape.Netscape.

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Created in 1991 by Andrew Tridgell of Created in 1991 by Andrew Tridgell of Australian National University by Australian National University by reverse engineering the SMB protocol.reverse engineering the SMB protocol.

Is an open source software suite Is an open source software suite available for use to anyone under the available for use to anyone under the GNU General Public License.GNU General Public License.

Facilitates UNIX file system and printer Facilitates UNIX file system and printer sharing with Windows and LAN Manager sharing with Windows and LAN Manager clientsclients

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1991-1992 Versions .5 and 1.0 are released.1991-1992 Versions .5 and 1.0 are released. 1992 Dan Shearer contacts Tridgell about a 1992 Dan Shearer contacts Tridgell about a

Linux Port.Linux Port. 1993 NetBios for Unix is announced.1993 NetBios for Unix is announced. 1994 smbserver 1.6 is released and soon 1994 smbserver 1.6 is released and soon

renamed SAMBA.renamed SAMBA. 1997 Samba for Windows NT domain 1997 Samba for Windows NT domain

started.started. 1999 Samba 2.0 is released.1999 Samba 2.0 is released.

Tridgell finishes his Phd Thesis and gets a job Tridgell finishes his Phd Thesis and gets a job with Linuxcare.with Linuxcare.

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Samba enables interoperability between Samba enables interoperability between Linux/Unix and Windows.Linux/Unix and Windows.

Samba runs on:Samba runs on: LinuxLinux SolarisSolaris IRIXIRIX

The main o/s for Silicon Graphics workstations and servers. The main o/s for Silicon Graphics workstations and servers. It incorporates Unix System V functionality. It incorporates Unix System V functionality.

HPUXHPUX Almost all other versions of UnixAlmost all other versions of Unix

Accessing files from Linux/Unix looks exactly Accessing files from Linux/Unix looks exactly like you are accessing an NT server.like you are accessing an NT server.

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Samba and WindowsSamba and Windows Windows NT OS uses a layered architecture Windows NT OS uses a layered architecture

with partitioned user and kernel modes with partitioned user and kernel modes similar to those of UNIX.similar to those of UNIX.

NETBIOS – over – TCP/IP (NetBT) is used by NETBIOS – over – TCP/IP (NetBT) is used by Samba to share UNIX resources with Samba to share UNIX resources with Windows clientsWindows clients

SMB AND CIFS are NetBT based protocols. SMB AND CIFS are NetBT based protocols. Samba is an implementation of CIFS version Samba is an implementation of CIFS version 1.01.0

Windows 2000 uses Kerberos 5.0 for Windows 2000 uses Kerberos 5.0 for network authentication.network authentication.

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Who uses Samba?Who uses Samba? CiscoCisco Bank of AmericaBank of America Hewlett PackardHewlett Packard Johnson and JohnsonJohnson and Johnson British PetroleumBritish Petroleum Solomon Smith Barney (Citibank’s Solomon Smith Barney (Citibank’s

Investment Brokerage Division)Investment Brokerage Division)

Source: http://www.valinux.com/software/samba.html

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SMB PROTOCOLSMB PROTOCOL Created in 1987 as a joint venture Created in 1987 as a joint venture

between Microsoft and Intelbetween Microsoft and Intel Four types of operations:Four types of operations:

1) Session commands: used to set up a 1) Session commands: used to set up a virtual circuit and validate access.virtual circuit and validate access.

2) File commands: permits an application to 2) File commands: permits an application to operate on files.operate on files.

3) Printer commands: permits an application 3) Printer commands: permits an application to spool jobs to remote printers.to spool jobs to remote printers.

4) Message commands: provide a means for 4) Message commands: provide a means for passing alert, control, and informational passing alert, control, and informational messages between the consumer and server messages between the consumer and server applications applications

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CIFSCIFSCommon Internet File Common Internet File

SystemSystem

In 1997 Microsoft submitted CIFS In 1997 Microsoft submitted CIFS specification to IETF.specification to IETF.

Is an enhanced version of SMB Is an enhanced version of SMB protocol.protocol.

Way to share resources between Way to share resources between multiple operating system multiple operating system platforms across the Internet.platforms across the Internet.

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Kerberos Ticket ExchangeKerberos Ticket Exchange

Source: Samba Unix & NT Internetworking

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Presetting before Presetting before Customization of Samba on a Customization of Samba on a

Linux File ServerLinux File Server

Samba installed as one of the Samba installed as one of the packages when installing Linuxpackages when installing Linux

Setup network on LinuxSetup network on Linux Setup a local printer for sharingSetup a local printer for sharing Log into X Windows as root using Log into X Windows as root using

KDE (Recommended)KDE (Recommended)

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Practical Customization of Practical Customization of Samba on a Linux File Samba on a Linux File

ServerServer

Focus on modifying system file Focus on modifying system file /etc/smb.conf/etc/smb.conf

Setup proper guest accounts on Setup proper guest accounts on serverserver

Setup Windows clients (Win 95, Setup Windows clients (Win 95, Win98, Win NT, etc.)Win98, Win NT, etc.)

Our configurations are base on Mandrake Linux 6.0. Configurations for other distributions may vary.

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Modifying smb.confModifying smb.conf

Open system file /etc/smb.confOpen system file /etc/smb.conf Add/change or uncomment the Add/change or uncomment the

following on Global Settingsfollowing on Global Settings workgroup = my_workgroup_nameworkgroup = my_workgroup_name guest account = pcguestguest account = pcguest security = usersecurity = user

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Modifying smb.conf (Cont.)Modifying smb.conf (Cont.)

Add or uncomment these items on Add or uncomment these items on Share Difinitions:Share Difinitions: [homes][homes]

comment = Home Directoriescomment = Home Directories browseable = yesbrowseable = yes writable = yeswritable = yes

[tmp][tmp] comment = Temporary file spacecomment = Temporary file space path = /tmppath = /tmp read only = noread only = no public = yespublic = yes

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Reloading SambaReloading Samba

Save changes to smb.confSave changes to smb.conf No need to reboot the computerNo need to reboot the computer Reloading Samba using Unix Reloading Samba using Unix

commandcommand samba stopsamba stop samba startsamba start

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Setting Up PC Clients Setting Up PC Clients on Linux Severon Linux Sever

Open User Manager Open User Manager System System User Manger (at KDE) User Manger (at KDE)

Add PC User(s)Add PC User(s) Add names (first character must be upper Add names (first character must be upper

case to make it work, Linux is case sensitive)case to make it work, Linux is case sensitive) Setup passwordSetup password Primary Group: GuestPrimary Group: Guest

Add New User(s) to Guest GroupAdd New User(s) to Guest Group Open Guest Group PropertiesOpen Guest Group Properties Add new user(s) to the guest groupAdd new user(s) to the guest group

Save All ChangesSave All Changes

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Accessing Linux File Accessing Linux File Server from a PC ClientServer from a PC Client

Login on a PC Client using a guest Login on a PC Client using a guest ID and password preset at Linux ID and password preset at Linux serverserver

Open Network NeighborhoodOpen Network Neighborhood The Linux server should show up as The Linux server should show up as

it were in a NT networkit were in a NT network Shared Resources ShownShared Resources Shown

Printer(s)Printer(s) Public folder – [tmp]Public folder – [tmp] Private folders [homes] [client-name]Private folders [homes] [client-name]

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Setting Up SWAT at Setting Up SWAT at Linux File Server Linux File Server

SWAT – Samba Web Administration SWAT – Samba Web Administration ToolTool

Open /etc/inetd.confOpen /etc/inetd.conf Add or uncomment this line:Add or uncomment this line:

Swat stream tcp nowait.400 Swat stream tcp nowait.400 root /usr/local/samba/sbin/swat root /usr/local/samba/sbin/swat swatswat

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Configure Samba Using Configure Samba Using SWAT at a PC ClientSWAT at a PC Client

Logon to a PC Client Logon to a PC Client Open a web browserOpen a web browser Enter URL: Enter URL: http://http://localhostlocalhost:901:901

(replace “localhost” with actual host name)(replace “localhost” with actual host name)

Login as root on the popup WindowLogin as root on the popup Window Make any changes or check status Make any changes or check status

of Samba using SWAT’s graphical of Samba using SWAT’s graphical interfaceinterface

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ResoucesResouces Derosest, James W. “Derosest, James W. “Samba - Unix & NT Internetworking”Samba - Unix & NT Internetworking”. .

McGraw-Hill Companies, 2000.McGraw-Hill Companies, 2000. Carter, Gernald & Sharpe, Richard.Carter, Gernald & Sharpe, Richard. “Teach Yourself Samba in “Teach Yourself Samba in

24 Hours24 Hours.” Sams, 1999..” Sams, 1999. Hertel, Christopher and Leighton, Luke. “Hertel, Christopher and Leighton, Luke. “The Story of Samba: Linux's The Story of Samba: Linux's

Stealth Weapon.” <http://www.linux-mag.com/1999-09/samba_01.html>Stealth Weapon.” <http://www.linux-mag.com/1999-09/samba_01.html> http://www.linux.org/http://www.linux.org/ http://www.samba.org http://www.samba.org http://linuxtoday.com/ http://linuxtoday.com/ http://www.andover.net/ http://www.andover.net/ http://www.linux-2000.org http://www.linux-2000.org http://www.nwc.com/1104/1104f3.html http://www.nwc.com/1104/1104f3.html http://faq.oreillynet.com/linux/FAQ_7_40.shtmhttp://faq.oreillynet.com/linux/FAQ_7_40.shtm http://www.linux.org/info/advocacy.htmlhttp://www.linux.org/info/advocacy.html http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Haven/6087/http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Haven/6087/ ttp://www.linuxlinks.com/local/why.shtmlttp://www.linuxlinks.com/local/why.shtml

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The EndThe End

Thank You for Your Thank You for Your Time!Time!