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Using Information Technology
Chapter 3Application Software
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Application Software:Tools for Thinking & Working More Productively
Application Software:Tools for Thinking & Working More Productively
3.1 Application Software: Getting Started
3.2 Common Features of Software
3.3 Word Processing
3.4 Spreadsheets
3.5 Database Software
3.6 Specialty Software
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3.1 Application Software: Getting Started3.1 Application Software: Getting Started
Commercial software - copyrighted and must be paid for
Public-domain software - not copyrighted
Shareware - copyrighted and free but you should pay for continued use
Freeware - copyrighted and free
Rentalware - copyrighted and leased
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Tutorials & DocumentationTutorials & Documentation
Tutorial - an instruction book or program that helps you learn to use the product by taking you through a prescribed series of steps
Documentation - a user guide or reference manual that provides a narrative and graphical description of a program
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Files of Data--& the Usefulness of Importing & ExportingFiles of Data--& the Usefulness of Importing & Exporting
Three well-known types of data filesDocument filesWorksheet filesDatabase files
Exchanging files between programs:ImportingExporting
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Types of SoftwareTypes of Software
Examples:Word processingSpreadsheetsDatabase managers
Productivity software - software whose purpose is to make users more productive at particular tasks
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3.2 Common Features of Software3.2 Common Features of Software
User interface - the user-controllable display screen that allows you to communicate, or interact, with the computerGraphical user interface (GUI) - allows
you to use a mouse or keystrokes to select icons and commands from menusPointer - on-screen object that responds
to mouse movements; it changes shape depending on the application
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Desktop, Icons & MenusDesktop, Icons & Menus
Desktop - the system’s main interface screen, which displays pictures that provide quick access to programs and information
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Desktop, Icons & MenusDesktop, Icons & Menus
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Desktop, Icons & MenusDesktop, Icons & Menus
Pull-down menu - a list of options that pulls down from the top of the screen
Menu - a list of options to choose from--a list of commands for manipulating data
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Desktop, Icons & MenusDesktop, Icons & Menus
Fly-out menus - menus that seem to explode out to the right
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Desktop, Icons & MenusDesktop, Icons & Menus
Pull-up menu - a list of options that pulls up from the bottom of the screen
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Documents, Toolbars, & WindowsDocuments, Toolbars, & Windows
Toolbar - a bar across the top of the display window, which displays menus and icons representing frequently used options
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The Help CommandThe Help Command
Help command - a command generating a table of contents, an index, and a search feature that can help you locate answers
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3.3 Word ProcessingFeatures of the Keyboard3.3 Word ProcessingFeatures of the Keyboard
Special-purpose keys - used to enter, delete, and edit data, and to execute commands
EndCtrl AltDelInsHome
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Features of the KeyboardFeatures of the Keyboard
Function keys - keys labeled F1, F2, etc., positioned along the top or left side of the keyboard, which are used to execute commands specific to the software being used
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Creating DocumentsCreating Documents
Cursor - the movable symbol on the display screen that shows you where you may next enter data or commands
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Creating DocumentsCreating Documents
Scrolling - moving quickly upward, downward, or sideways through the text or other screen display
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Editing DocumentsEditing Documents
Insert and deleteFind and replaceCut/Copy and pasteSpelling checkerGrammar checkerThesaurus
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Formatting Documents with the Help of Templates & WizardsFormatting Documents with the Help of Templates & Wizards
Formatting - determining the appearance of a documentTemplate - a preformatted
document that provides basic tools for shaping a final documentWizard - answers your questions
and uses the answers to lay out and format a document
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Formatting DocumentsFormatting Documents
Font - typeface and type size
10 point Times New Roman
14 pointArial Black
16 pointCourier
32 pointArial
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Formatting DocumentsFormatting Documents
Spacing and columns:
Single-spacedDouble-spacedOne-columnTwo columnsMany columns
Margins and justification:
Left marginRight marginTop marginBottom marginJustificationLeft-justification
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Formatting DocumentsFormatting Documents
Pages, headers, footers:
Page numbersHeadersFooters
Other formatting:
BordersShadingTablesFootnotesGraphicsClip art
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3.4 SpreadsheetsThe Basics: How Spreadsheets Work
3.4 SpreadsheetsThe Basics: How Spreadsheets Work
How a spreadsheet is organized:
Lettered column headings across the top
Numbered row headings down the left side
Labels - descriptive text
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The Basics: How Spreadsheets WorkThe Basics: How Spreadsheets Work
Where columns and rows meet:Cell - the place where a row
and a column intersectCell address - position of a
cell, such as A2Value - a number or date
entered in a cell
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The Basics: How Spreadsheets WorkThe Basics: How Spreadsheets Work
Why the spreadsheet has become so popular:
Formulas - instructions for calculations
Functions - built-in formulasRecalculation - process of
recomputing valuesWhat-if analysis
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The Basics: How Spreadsheets WorkThe Basics: How Spreadsheets Work
Analytical graphics - graphical forms that make numeric data easy to analyze
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3.5 Database Software3.5 Database Software
Database - a collection of interrelated filesDatabase
software - a program that sets up and controls the structure of a database and access to the data
Benefits of Database Software:
Reduced redundancy
Increased integrity
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The Basics: How Databases WorkThe Basics: How Databases Work
How a relational database is organized:
Tables of rows and columnsRow (record) - example: a
person’s addressColumn (field) - example: the
person’s last name
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The Basics: How Databases WorkThe Basics: How Databases Work
How various records can be linked:
Key field - a field that can be used as a common identifier because it is unique
Finding what you want:
Querying - locating and displaying records
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Personal Information ManagersPersonal Information Managers
Personal information manager (PIM) - software to help you keep track of and manage information you use on a daily basis, such as addresses, telephone numbers, appointments, to-do lists, and miscellaneous notes
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3.6 Specialty Software3.6 Specialty Software
Presentation graphics software - uses graphics, animation, sound, and data or information to make visual presentations
PowerPoint outline view
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Financial SoftwareFinancial Software
Financial software - a growing category that ranges from personal-finance managers to entry-level accounting programs to business financial-management packages
Quicken software
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Desktop PublishingDesktop Publishing
Desktop publishing (DTP) - mixing text and graphics to produce high-quality output for commercial printing, using a microcomputer and mouse, scanner, laser or ink-jet printer, and DTP software
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Drawing & Painting ProgramsDrawing & Painting Programs
Drawing program - graphics software that allows users to design and illustrate objects and products
Painting program - graphics program that allows users to simulate painting on screen
Vector image
Raster image
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Other Specialty SoftwareOther Specialty Software
Web page design/authoring softwareVideo/audio editing softwareProject management softwareComputer-Aided Design (CAD)
softwareComputer-Aided Design/Computer-
Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) software
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SummarySummary
Application SoftwareCommon FeaturesIcons, function keysOther software, CAD, Video/audio editing, Project management