1

Victims of Crime Survey VOCS 2012

2

Structure of the program

Strategic direction with crime statistics

General Overview

Detailed findings of VOCS 2012 (reference period 2011)

3

What does crime statistics offer policy makers?

4

5

CRIME Statistics task team. Where are we?

•Pilot diagnostics assessment to understand the Statistical Value Chain in the compilation of crime statistics in October 2012.

•International bench-marking exercise undertaken to UK and US

•Crime definitions manual approved by the then acting national commissioner

•Draft crime counting rules document to be finalized

•A report on the recommendations on improvements on the crime stats value chain finalized

•Crime Stats data quality policy presented to the Acting National Commissioner and the Deputy Minister

•Draft standards on •Counting rule error rate•Crime Classification error rate•Non-registration of crime

•Formed a task team for the development of Crime Capturing system

•Draft business case for the system developed.

6

Comparing data from Administrative and surveys

Is the iceberg changing in size or is the sea level changing?

•Reported crime is immediate and investigated, but....

does not include unreported crimes.

•Provides a lot of details about specific incidents of victimisation from the victims perspective and identify extent of unreported crime, but....

is influenced by memory loss, circumstances of interview, fear of further victimisation, cultural practices, sampling limitations and errors etc.

Neither sufficient on its own and complimentarily needs to be capitalised on....

Source: Angela Me, UNODC, Vienna

7

Victims of Crime Survey 2012Key Findings

8

Incidence and reporting rates of crime for 2011

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Public perceptions about crime

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The most common and most feared crimes

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Percentage of households who feel safe when walking alone

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Percentage of households prevented from engaging in daily activities when alone

because of fear of crime

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Perceptions about the reasons why perpetrators of property crimes commit

property crimes

17

Public perceptions about the police

18

Seeing the police in uniform and on duty.....

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Percentage satisfied with the performance of the police (2010 compared with 2011)

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Reasons why the satisfied are satisfied

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Reasons why the dissatisfied are dissatisfied

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Percentage satisfied with the performance of the courts

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Reasons why the satisfied are satisfied with the courts

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Reasons why the dissatisfied are dissatisfied with the courts

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Members of the press who need to leave can

leave now.

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Layout

1.Introduction

2. Objectives

3. Methodology

4. Limitations

5. Definitions

6. Results: Public perceptions about crime and safety

Feeling of safety

Views about crime

Public’s response to crime

Perceptions about victim support services

Public’s perception about police

Perceptions about courts

Victimisation rates in 2011

Vehicle related crimes and corruption

Burglary and other theft

27

• The Victims of Crime Survey (VOCS) is a countrywide household-based survey that examines crime from the point of view of the victim(s).

• The Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC) has been conducting studies on crime for the past 20 years, but these do not focus specifically on victims.

• The first Victims of Crime survey (VOCS) was conducted by Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) in 1998. The Institute for Security Studies (ISS) conducted the 2003 and 2007 versions of the VOCS.

• Stats SA continued to run the survey from 2010 onwards.

Objectives of VOCS are:

• Provide information about the dynamics of crime from the perspective of households and the victims of crime.

• Explore public perceptions of the activities of the police, prosecutors, courts and correctional services in the prevention of crime and victimisation.

• Provide complimentary data on the level of crime within South Africa (SA) in addition to the statistics published annually by the South African Police Service (SAPS).

 

Introduction

28

Methodology

• Target population: The survey is conducted annually in all nine provinces and the data will be used for the development of policies and strategies, as well as crime prevention and public education programmes.

• A representative national sample of approximately 30 000 Dwelling Units (DUs) has been drawn from the 3 080 Primary Sampling Units (PSUs) that form the current master sample.

• The master sample is based on the 2001 Population Census Enumeration Areas (EAs).

• Approximately 1-15 dwelling units have been randomly sampled from each PSU and all the households residing within these sampled dwelling units will be enumerated

• The questionnaire was categorised into household and individual crimes

• Survey period: January to March 2012

• The reference period is January to December 2011 unless otherwise stated

29

Limitations

• Victimisation surveys are likely to produce higher crime estimates than police-recorded administrative data

• Records may also be subject to undercounting particularly for incidents of a sensitive nature (e.g. Sexual offences)

• The accuracy of statistics is influenced by the ability of people to recall past victimisations

30

Definitions

• Household crimes: crimes committed against the household

• Property crime/non-violent: crime where a persons property was threatened but not the person

• Violent crime: crimes where a person was threatened, injured or killed

• Individual crimes: affect a single person rather than an entire household

31

VOCS 2012 RESULTS

32

PERCEPTIONS ABOUT CRIME AND SAFETY IN THE AREA OF

RESIDENCE

33

Top six crimes perceived by households to be the most common and feared in South Africa, 2011

Most common crimes Crime feared most

Housebreaking/burglary 59,3 57,4

Home robbery 46,2 49,8

Street robbery 41,4 39,6

Pick-pocketing or bag-snatching 32,1 31,2

Assault (incl. domestic violence) 23,3 23,6

Murder 17,0 38,8

About 60% of households perceived housebreaking as the most common crime

Followed by home robbery (46,2%), street robbery (41,4%) and pick-pocketing (32,1%)

34

Perceptions of changes in violent crime levels during the period 2009 to 2011 in the households' place of residence (per cent), 2011

33,1% of households believed that violent crimes in their area had increased during the three years (2009 to 2011)

38,1% of households believed that the level of violent crime decreased

Households from Gauteng (49,1%) and Mpumalanga (48,3%) think that crime levels decreased during the three years preceding the survey

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Increased 44,1 39,4 42,1 43,2 30,3 37,3 20,1 30,3 42,2 33,1

Decreased 21,3 32,2 29,5 27,5 44,0 26,4 49,1 48,3 33,4 38,1

Stayed the same 34,6 28,3 28,4 29,2 25,6 36,2 30,8 21,4 24,3 28,8

WC EC NC FS KZN NW GP MP LP RSA

35

FEELING OF SAFETY

36

Percentage of households who feel safe walking alone in their area during the day/ at night.

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Safe during the day 85,0 85,0 76,0 88,2 85,7

Safe at night 56,0 23,0 23,0 37,0 36,6

1998 2003 2007 2010 2011

Decreased in number of households who feel safe walking alone in their area during the day (85,7%) in 2011 as compared to (88,2%) in 2010

Slightly decrease in number of households who feel safe walking alone in their area at night (36,6%) in 2011 as compared to (37,0%) in 2010.

37

Percentage of households who feel safe walking alone in their area during the day

by province and gender of the head of the household, 2011

53,7% of male headed households more than 31,9% female headed households reported feeling safe when walking alone during the day

Limpopo had the highest proportion of female headed households that indicated feeling safe while alone in their area during the day (41%), followed by Eastern Cape (39,8%) and KwaZulu-Natal (38,5%)

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Male 56,0 48,8 54,2 56,9 49,0 59,0 59,5 52,1 47,7 53,7

Female 24,4 39,8 32,7 34,6 38,5 32,4 22,0 31,4 41,0 31,9

WC EC NC FS KZN NW GP MP LP RSA

38

Percentage of households who feel safe walking alone in their area when it is

dark by province and gender of the head of the household, 2011

23,4% of male headed households felt safe walking alone in their area when it is dark as compared to 13,1% of female headed households

Northern Cape had the highest percentage (32,2%) of male headed households that felt safe walking alone at night, followed by the Western Cape with 28,5% and KwaZulu-Natal (26,9%)

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Male 28,6 16,0 32,2 14,4 26,9 24,1 24,1 21,3 23,2 23,4

Female 10,2 14,7 18,1 6,0 21,0 12,1 8,4 8,4 18,2 13,1

WC EC NC FS KZN NW GP MP LP RSA

39

Percentage categories of households who felt very unsafe walking alone when it is dark by province, 2011

40

VIEWS ABOUT CRIME

41

Views on where those most likely to commit property and violent crime live (per

cent), 2011

About six in ten of households believed that property and violent crimes were likely to be committed by people from their area

About 32% believed crimes were committed by people from other areas

6,3% thought that the perpetrators of crime in their neighbourhoods were people from outside South Africa

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Property crime 61,8 31,9 6,3

Violent crime 60,9 32,8 6,3

People from this area People from other areas in South Africa People from outside South Africa

42

Views of households on why perpetrators of property

crime commit it (per cent), 2011

66,5% of the households believe that people commit property crime to fulfill their drug needs

56% think they need to do so for survival

66,5

56,0

37,5

25,3

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Drug related need Real need Greed Non-financial motives Other

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43

PUBLIC’S RESPONSE TO CRIME

44

Views of households on what government should spend money on in order to reduce

crime (per cent), 2011

66,8% of households were of the view that social and/or economic development is the more effective way of reducing crime

Just less than twenty percent of households indicated that more money should be spent on law

enforcement in order to combat crime

66,8

19,613,6

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Social and/or economic development Law enforcement Judiciary/courts

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45

Institutions or groups of people to be contacted first to come to the household’s

rescue in the event of being victimised (per cent), 2011

Just below 60% of households would first contact the police if they became victims of crime

16,5% would first contact a friend to come to their rescue

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Nobody 1,5 0,4 1,1 0,9 0,7 1,0 0,6 1,5 0,5 0,8

Reletive/friend 11,3 25,1 9,4 12,7 13,4 16,9 13,7 19,0 25,8 16,5

Private security company 8,3 2,7 1,1 3,8 6,3 2,3 13,0 5,2 2,3 6,8

Community group 3,3 3,6 0,4 1,4 2,0 1,9 5,7 3,2 2,8 3,4

Traditional authority 0,1 16,2 1,7 0,6 5,4 1,2 0,3 0,5 4,0 3,8

SAPS 72,6 39,8 77,5 73,8 66,9 58,2 56,5 57,9 53,2 59,4

Metro police 0,2 0,2 0,0 0,1 0,4 0,1 0,5 0,0 0,1 0,3

Community Policing Forum 0,6 4,9 3,5 0,9 3,0 8,0 3,9 3,6 5,0 3,7

Other 2,1 7,0 5,4 5,8 1,8 10,3 5,8 9,1 6,3 5,4

WC EC NC FS KZN NW GP MP LP RSA

46

PERCEPTIONS ABOUT VICTIM SUPPORT SERVICES

47

Percentage of households who knew where to take someone to access selected

services if he/she was a victim of crime by institution & province, 2011

91,5% of the households knew where to take someone to access medical services services if they fell victim to violent crime

53,3% of the households knew where to take someone to access counselling services services if they fell victim to violent crime

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Medical Services 91,9 92,5 97,2 85,7 88,4 97,0 91,3 97,3 90,4 91,5

Counselling Services 53,5 50,8 47,0 47,1 47,8 60,8 55,6 67,0 52,0 53,3

Shelter/place of safety 24,8 12,9 8,8 17,2 11,6 9,7 16,0 16,3 17,1 15,4

WC EC NC FS KZN NW GP MP LP RSA

48

Percentage of households who knew where to take someone to access medical services

by institution & population group of the household head, 2011

77,7% of households would take a victim of crime to access medical services to a hospital or trauma unit

72%) said they would go to a local clinic to access medical services

Compared to other population groups, black African households are the least likely to go to a private doctor and most likely to go to a local clinic.

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Police 31,5 46,2 25,1 27,8 32,1

Hospital or trauma unit 74,7 82,8 84,8 91,0 77,7

Local clinic 78,1 59,1 55,3 47,1 72,0

Private doctor 28,8 34,5 36,1 51,8 32,4

NGO/Volunteer group 3,6 4,5 4,1 3,7 3,7

Victim Empow erment Centres/Thuthuzela Centres 1,8 2,9 1,8 2,9 2,1

Traditional leader/authority 4,3 0,6 0,9 0,3 3,4

Courts 2,9 6,7 2,8 4,2 3,3

Other 0,7 3,4 0,5 0,6 0,9

Black African Coloured Indian/Asian White RSA

49

Percentage of households who knew of a place of safety/shelter where they

can take someone who was a victim of domestic violence by institution and

province, 2011

53,% of households would take victims of domestic violence to a state run institution to get assistance

33% of households would take the victim of domestic violence to an NGO

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NGO/volunteer run 63,2 8,8 19,7 18,0 30,2 23,2 33,2 45,3 19,1 33,0

State run 31,5 55,3 75,7 76,8 57,7 63,3 60,0 50,7 41,8 53,0

Traditional (incl. traditional leader) 1,9 33,5 2,8 1,4 10,0 12,0 1,8 2,9 38,0 11,0

Other 3,4 2,4 1,7 3,8 2,0 1,5 5,0 1,1 1,1 3,1

WC EC NC FS KZN NW GP MP LP RSA

50

PUBLIC’S PERCEPTIONS ABOUT THE POLICE

51

Length of time it takes, on average, to get to the nearest police station

using usual mode of transport by province (per cent), 2011

66,4% of households travelled less that 30 minutes, when using their usual mode of transport, to the nearest police station

25,6 % of households travelled between half an hour to one hour to reach the nearest police station using usual mode of transport

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<30 mins 89,4 58,9 62,2 65,3 55,7 62,1 77,6 58,4 53,2 66,4

30-60 mins 9,0 26,1 25,0 25,1 32,8 29,0 20,5 32,3 36,3 25,6

60-120 mins 1,1 10,4 10,5 8,4 10,2 7,2 1,7 7,4 8,7 6,4

>120 mins 0,6 4,7 2,3 1,2 1,3 1,6 0,2 1,9 1,7 1,5

WC EC NC FS KZN NW GP MP LP RSA

52

Percentage of households who see police once a day, in uniform and on duty,

in their area of residence, by province, 2011

37,5% of households see a police officer in their area at least once a day

Northern Cape (60,7%) had the highest rate of seeing police officer at least once a day, followed by the Western Cape (57,8%)

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At least once a day 57,8 19,5 60,7 42,3 18,7 35,2 57,6 17,2 30,0 37,5

At least once a w eek 23,6 20,5 22,2 25,1 31,5 34,1 24,1 33,1 37,0 27,6

At least once a month 6,7 8,1 5,5 11,8 22,5 10,9 7,8 18,1 12,7 12,1

Less than once a month 2,9 11,3 6,4 8,1 13,5 6,1 3,7 9,4 7,7 7,8

Never 9,0 40,6 5,2 12,7 13,8 13,7 6,7 22,2 12,5 15,1

WC EC NC FS KZN NW GP MP LP RSA

53

Percentage of households who were satisfied with the

police in their area by province, 2010-2011

64,6% of households were satisfied with the way the police dealt with the crime in their area

In the Western Cape (66,1%), Eastern Cape (65,6%) and Gauteng (65,3%) of households were satisfied with the way the police dealt with crime in their area

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2010 71,1 62,8 60,9 64,1 63,0 62,4 66,2 57,1 66,7 64,6

2011 66,1 65,6 61,1 61,0 60,1 51,1 65,3 58,2 62,4 62,3

WC EC NC FS KZN NW GP MP LP RSA

54

Reasons for being satisfied with the way the police dealt with crime

by province (per cent), 2011

76,2% of households believed that the police were committed 76,8% believed that the police came to the scene of the crime 68,7% believe they arrest criminals 65,7% of households were of the opinion that they are trustworthy

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Commited 77,3 80,2 75,5 72,4 75,5 72,5 80,7 60,0 74,1 76,2

Trustw orthy 69,9 77,1 67,5 67,2 68,1 65,0 60,4 44,0 69,0 65,7

Respond on time 65,5 49,6 45,3 48,1 53,9 47,3 53,0 32,9 65,0 53,2

Come to the scene of the crime 83,4 86,0 73,6 71,4 71,4 81,3 75,8 63,7 79,2 76,8

Arrest criminals 69,7 81,9 63,1 69,5 66,6 67,1 64,7 53,8 75,5 68,7

Recover stolen property 43,0 44,8 36,5 45,4 35,8 31,6 32,7 13,8 36,3 36,0

Other 7,1 5,9 1,6 2,7 6,3 2,2 4,8 3,4 7,2 5,3

WC EC NC FS KZN NW GP MP LP RSA

55

PERCEPTIONS ABOUT THE COURTS

56

Percentage of households that were satisfied with the way courts generally

deal with perpetrators of crime by province, 2010-2011

Nationally, 64,1% of the households indicated that they are satisfied with the way the courts do their work

Northern Cape displayed the highest level of satisfaction (75,7%) in 2011

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2010 48,5 62,3 69,3 64,7 70,5 71,6 60,7 70,2 74,1 64,1

2011 46,1 65,7 75,7 70,7 69,5 60,0 60,2 72,5 68,6 64,6

WC EC NC FS KZN NW GP MP LP RSA

57

Reasons for households being satisfied with the way courts generally deal with

perpetrators of crime by province (per cent), 2011

Passing sentence appropriate to the crime (53%) was cited as the most significant reason of being satisfied with the courts

Followed by high rates of convictions(27,6%)

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High rate of conviction 31,4 15,6 35,1 36,4 28,5 11,0 42,3 16,5 15,3 27,6

Pass sentences appropriate to the crime 52,9 70,6 58,3 43,5 45,1 67,4 42,3 56,4 64,4 53,0

Not corrupt 15,4 13,7 6,6 18,2 25,9 20,4 14,2 26,8 20,1 18,7

Other 0,3 0,1 0,1 1,8 0,4 1,2 1,2 0,4 0,2 0,7

WC EC NC FS KZN NW GP MP LP RSA

58

Percentage distribution of reasons for being dissatisfied with the way in which

courts generally deal with perpetrators of crime by province, 2011

35,2% of households think the courts are too lenient on criminals

25% believe the matter drags too long

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Not enough convictions 16,0 13,0 7,0 8,1 7,9 8,7 11,0 9,4 7,7 10,8

Matters drag for too long/postponements 25,6 18,5 19,9 27,3 20,5 14,3 33,7 22,5 22,8 25,0

No proper notice of hearing is served 2,7 4,5 2,9 4,0 7,3 4,1 4,1 3,6 5,4 4,5

Courts are too lenient on criminals 40,9 35,8 56,1 32,0 41,1 38,8 31,1 22,9 30,0 35,2

Perpetrators released unconditionally 13,4 27,5 12,2 18,5 19,5 24,4 14,5 38,0 26,6 19,9

Other 1,4 0,8 1,8 10,2 3,8 9,7 5,6 3,7 7,4 4,6

WC EC NC FS KZN NW GP MP LP RSA

59

VICTIMISATION AND REPORTING RATES IN 2011

60

Experiences of crime and reporting rates, 2011 of

5,4 % of households had been the victims of housebreaking in 2011, compared to 4,5% in 2010

1,3% of households had been victims of livestock theft

2,5% individuals were victims of the theft of personal property

Types of crimes

Total crime[1]

experienced in 2011Crime experienced at least once in 2011

Crime reported to the police in 2011

Crime under-reporting rates in

2011

Number(in thousand)

Number (inthousand) Per cent

Number (in thousand) Per cent Per cent difference

Household crimes

Car theft 66 63 0,5 57 92,2 9,5

Housebreaking/burglary * 874 730 5,4 426 58,5 41,6

Home robbery * 229 200 1,5 118 61,4 41,0

Theft of livestock 242 178 1,3 71 40,1 60,1

Theft of crops 108 40 0,3 7 18,3 82,5

Murder 36 16 0,1 15 98,2 6,3

Theft from car 183 162 1,2 89 56,5 45,1

Deliberate damaging of dwellings 50 47 0,4 28 62,6 40,4

Motor vehicle vandalism 56 56 0,4 23 40,8 58,9

Individual crimes

Theft of personal property 941 858 2,5 291 34,4 66,1

Car hijacking 36 35 0,1 27 79,8 22,9

Robbery (excl home/carjacking) 272 249 0,7 81 33,1 67,5

Assault 731 451 1,3 222 49,4 50,8

Sexual offence * 32 32 0,1 29 94,2 9,4

Consumer fraud 102 102 0,3 100 26,3 2,0

61

Percentage of incidents of crime reported by the households to the police, 2010-2011

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2010 93,2 98,3 58,5 57,7 60,0 52,6 37,8 36,3 16,6

2011 98,2 92,2 62,6 61,4 58,5 56,5 40,8 40,1 18,3

Percentage change 2010-2011 5,0 -6,1 4,1 3,7 -1,5 3,9 3,0 3,8 1,7

Murder Car TheftDeliberate damage of dw elling

Home robbery

Housebreaking/burglary

Theft from car

Motor vehicle vandalism

Theft of livestock

Theft of crops

Murder was most likely to be reported (98,2%) in 2011, followed by car theft (92,2%) and deliberate damage of dwelling (62,6). Crimes least likely to be reported in 2011 were motor vehicle vandalism (40,8%), theft of livestock (40,1%), and theft of crops (18,3%). There was 6,1% point decrease of car theft reported to the police in 2011 as compared to 2010, and 1,5% point decrease on housebreaking/burglary

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OTHER CRIMES INCLUDING THE CORRUPTION

63

Percentage distribution of time of the day when theft

occurred, 2011

Most cars are stolen during morning hours (26,6%) Theft from a car mostly happened at night (24,9%), and Housebreakings primarily occurred at night(27,5%)

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At daw n 5,6 4,6 7,7

Morning hours 26,6 15,7 10,5

Afternoon hours 14,3 19,8 17,3

Evening hours 11,9 12,1 14,3

At night 15,4 27,5 24,9

Betw een midnight and daw n 21,3 14,0 22,3

Do not know 4,9 6,3 3,1

Car Theft Housebreaking/burglary Theft from car

64

Period of the week when theft or damage to property occurred in 2011

• More than two thirds of vehicles were vandalised during the week,• 64,4% of thefts from car happened during the week• More than 60% of cars are stolen during the week and only 40,5% are stolen over the weekend

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During the w eek 59,5 64,4 65,2 66,8

Over the w eekend 40,5 35,6 34,8 33,2

Car Theft Theft from car Deliberate damage of dw elling Vehicle vandalism

65

Percentage of respondents who were asked by a government or public official

to pay a bribe (money, a favour or present), 2011

• More than 4% of households were asked for money by government officials for a service that he/she is legally required to perform

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Money 1,4 1,1 2,3 4,2 2,1 4,6 9,5 3,5 2,4 4,2

Favour 0,1 0,0 0,7 0,3 0,3 0,5 0,9 0,2 0,2 0,4

Present 0,1 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,0 0,1 0,7 0,0 0,0 0,2

At least money or favour or present 1,5 1,1 2,6 4,7 2,3 4,9 10,1 3,7 2,6 4,5

WC EC NC FS KZN NW GP MP LP RSA

66

Government sectors in which corruption was experienced (per cent),2011

Corruption that is related to policing increased by 1.5% While corruption related to social grants increased by 0,9% Bribes related to traffic fines decreased 2,8% between 2010 and 2011

Sector

Year

2003 2007 2010 2011% change 2011/2003

% change 2011/2007

% change 2011/2010

Traffic fines 27,7 32,8 52,8 50,0 22,3 17,2 -2,8

Policing 19,9 18,6 21,4 22,9 3,0 4,3 1,5

Driver's licence 9,1 13,9 15,9 13,2 4,1 -0,7 -2,7

Employment or job 20,1 13,9 13,8 11,7 -8,4 -2,2 -2,1

Identity document or passport 13,9 16,5 13,3 9,7 -4,2 -6,8 -3,6

Water or electricity 8,1 5,8 7,3 7,7 -0,4 1,9 0,4

Pension or social welfare grant 11,1 9,4 6,6 7,5 -3,6 -1,9 0,9

Housing 1,7 2,6 8,3 7 5,3 4,4 -1,3

Court-related services 4,4 2,8 3,9 3,8 -0,6 1,0 -0,1

Medical care 0,3 2,1 2,8 2,1 1,8 0,0 -0,7

Customs 0,7 2,8 2,2 1,8 1,1 -1,0 -0,4

Schooling 2,6 3,2 3,1 1,6 -1,0 -1,6 -1,5

When visiting a prison 0 5,1 1,5 1,4 1,4 -3,7 -0,1

67

Place where robbery (excl. home robbery and car hijacking) and theft of personal

property took place, 2011

occurred by province (per cent), 2011

0,0

10,0

20,0

30,0

40,0

50,0

60,0

70,0

80,0

90,0

100,0

Perc

enta

ge

In the w ork place 3,5 1,4

In the street in a residential area 44,4 71,0

At entertainment area/bar/tavern 3,4 4,2

In a f ield/park 2,4 0,9

In some other outdoor area 2,1 0,7

In someone elses home 5,0 3,4

In the street outside off ices/shops 12,2 8,7

In a shop/place of business 9,4 5,8

At a public transport station/taxi rank/stop 5,2 1,5

While travelling on public transport 1,0 1,5

At some other indoor area 3,0 0,5

Other 8,4 0,5

Theft of personal property Robbery excl. home robbery and truck/carjacking

68

Social Statistics: 17th Floor, Manaka Building