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7/23/2019 1-Waterproofing Membrane-system Tunnel MS March2013
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H.J. Stich, CPE waterproofing / March 2013
Waterproofing of tunnels
with Sikaplansheetmembranes
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Sikas experience in tunnel
waterproofing with sheet membranesis more than 45 years old!
1968
2006
1981
1999
1970
1985
2004
1978
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Why waterproofing of tunnels?
cracks concrete humidity
corrosion fire
spalling
chlorine/
sulphate
mineral
sediment
biological
attack
crystallize ice ice
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Tunnel waterproofing =Protection of structures against
percolating water from the outside
Railway tunnels
Road tunnels
Metro tunnels
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Stops water at
external surfaces,
structure is dry,
joint treatment
needed (tubbing)
Waterproof
concrete
Stops water at
external surfaces,structure is dry
(membrane)
Waterproofing with
located outside thestructure
EffectsMeasurements:
How to make a tunnel waterproof?
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Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4
Completely dry Dry to
slightly moist
Moist Moist to wet
No moist parts on the
dry part of the tunnel
surface permitted
Single failing parts
permitted. No dropping
water on the dry part of the
tunnel surface permitted
Partly limited moisty parts
and single dropping parts
on the dry part of the
tunnel surface permitted
Moisty parts and dropping
parts permitted
Clean air rooms
Dry rooms
Energy supply rooms
Metro stations
(presence of people)
Road tunnels highway
Road tunnels in frosty
zones
High speed train tunnels
Parking areas
Regional railways
Metro lines
sewage tunnels
Water infiltration in l/sqm within 24h acc. STUVA
0 0-0.1 0.1-0.5 0.5-1.0
How to define watertightness?
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Percolation waterEvacuation of Mountain Water
Pressure waterMountain Water Displacement
requests permanent
drainage system
no drainage system
requested(except temporary dewatering during
construction works)
Groundwater conditions
Influences of water below ground
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Mining tunnels Cut and cover tunnels
different membrane installation methods
Influences of water below ground
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Watertight all-round seal
pressure waters
no drainage system
required(except temporary dewatering during
construction works)
two step - membrane
installation
Partial waterproofing
percolating waters
drainage systems at
lateral waterproofing
terminations requiredone step - membrane
installation
Influences of water below ground
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Waterproofing systems with geomembrane
Mining tunnels
Partial waterproofing
arch profile
Enclosed waterproofing
arch profile
Partial waterproofingPartial waterproofing
Enclosedwat
erproofing
Enclosed waterproofing
(shafting)
Cut and cover tunnels
Umbrellasystem
Influences of water below ground
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geostatical forces
hydrostatical
pressure
aggressivewater
sintering andclogging in
drainage system
dynamic forces
settlement
upheaving forcesaggressive waters:
- soft water with low calcium content
- thermal springs / sources
- sulphate water
- chloride water and sea water
Ground conditions
Other influences below ground
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The method of excavation defines the method of waterproofing
-the method of excavation depends on thegeological, geomechanical and economic conditions
the method of waterproofing depends on the excavation method
FULL-PROFILE EXCAVATION PARTIAL EXCAVATION
Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM): membrane waterproofing not
required in all cases (tubbings of
waterproof concrete with EPDM-joint
profiles)
Roadheading
membrane waterproofing possible
(NAT-Method)
Conventional excavation (blasting):
membrane waterproofing possible
(NAT-Method)
Small size Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM)for pilot gallery and excavation to full
profile:
membrane waterproofing possible
(NAT-Method)
Roadheader:
membrane waterproofing possible(NAT-Method)
Conventional excavation (drill and blast):
membrane waterproofing possible
(NAT-Method)
Method of sheet membrane
installation system
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FULL-PROFILE EXCAVATION with TBMs
Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM):
Outer lining with Tubbings or Shotcrete
Methods of tunnel excavation
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Excavation with Roadheader
Methods of tunnel excavation
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Conventional Excavation (Drill and Blast)
Methods of tunnel excavation
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Drainage Drainage
Build-up of layersRockShotcreteCushion layerSikaplanWP/WTwaterproofing membraneInner lining
reinforced concrete
Partial waterproofing with
Sikaplansheet membranes (NATM)
(NATM: New Austrian Tunnel Method)
Method of sheet membrane
installation system
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Partial waterproofing with
Sikaplan
sheet membranes (NATM)
concrete liningrock
Sikaplan WP / WT
sheet membrane
cushion layer
shotcrete
lateral drainage
(NATM: New Austrian Tunnel Method)
Method of sheet membrane
installation system
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Partial waterproofing withSikaplansheet membranes (NATM)
rock
shotcrete
cushion / drainage layer
Sikaplan WP / WT sheet membrane
concrete lining
lateral drainage
Method of sheet membrane
installation system
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For:
-Pression galleries
-Tunnels below groundwater
-Vertical shaftsBuild-up of layers
Rock
Shotcrete
Cushion layer
SikaplanWP/WT waterproofing
membrane, mechanically fixed
Inner lining
reinforced concrete
Fully enclosed waterproofing with
Sikaplansheet membranes (NATM)
Method of sheet membrane
installation system
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concrete lining
rock
compartment with
Sika waterbar
control- / injection pipes
Sikaplan WP / WT
sheet membrane
cushion layer
shotcrete / gap filler
temporary drainage
Fully enclosed waterproofing with
Sikaplan
sheet membranes (NATM)
Method of sheet membrane
installation system
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concrete lining
rock
compartment with
waterbars and membraneSikaplanWT, embossed
SikaplanWP / WT
sheet membrane
cushion layer
shotcrete / gap filler
temporary drainage
Fully enclosed waterproofing with
Sikaplan
sheet membranes (NATM)
Method of sheet membrane
installation system
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concrete lining
rock
Sikaplan WP / WT
sheet membrane
cushion layer
shotcrete / gap filler
temporary drainage
Fully enclosed waterproofing with
Sikaplan
sheet membranes (NATM)
Method of sheet membrane
installation system
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concrete lining
rock
compartment with
Sika waterbar
control- / injection pipes
Sikaplan WP / WT
sheet membrane
cushion layer
shotcrete / gap filler
Fully enclosed waterproofing with
Sikaplan
sheet membranes (NATM)
Method of sheet membrane
installation system
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rock
shotcrete / gap filler
concrete lining
compartment with
waterbars and membraneSikaplanWT, embossed
SikaplanWP / WT
sheet membrane
control- / injection pipe
geomat spacer
cushion layer
Fully enclosed waterproofing with
Sikaplan
sheet membranes (NATM)
Method of sheet membrane
installation system
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f
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round shaped rectangular shaped
low overburdenhigh overburden
Cut and cover tunnels
different membrane installation methods
Method of sheet membrane
installation system
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M h d f h b
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Tunnels in open excavation
Tunnels in open cut shafting
Tunnels in open cut tanking
Tunnels in shafting / mining
Cut and cover tunnels
Method of sheet membrane
installation system
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M th d f h t b
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Drainage Drainage
Build-up of layers:BackfillingProtection layersCushion layersSikaplanWP/WT membranes
Reinforced concrete
loose laid
Cushion layers
Partial waterproofing with
Sikaplansheet membranes (cut-and cover)
Method of sheet membrane
installation system
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M th d f h t b
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Drainage
Protection layer Geotextiles
500g/m2
Sikaplan
waterproofing
membrane,
loosely laid
Concrete structureGeotextiles
500g/m2
Backfilling
Sikaplan
waterproofing membrane
protection strip
Sikaplan
waterproofing membrane
protection strip
Partial waterproofing with
Sikaplansheet membranes (cut-and cover)
Method of sheet membrane
installation system
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M th d f h t b
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Prov. fixing
Protection-/levelling mortar screedLean concrete
Build-up of layers (walls and roof):BackfillingProtection layers
Reinforced concretemembrane loose laid
Cushion layerSikaplanwaterproofing
Build-up of layers (bottom slab):Reinforced concreteProtection layersCushion layer
membrane loose laidSikaplanwaterproofing
Cushion layer
Fully enclosed waterproofing with
Sikaplan
sheet membranes (cut-and cover)
Method of sheet membrane
installation system
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M th d f h t b
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Fully enclosed waterproofing with
Sikaplansheet membranes (cut-and cover)
Method of sheet membrane
installation system
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M th d f h t b
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Protection layerGeotextiles500g/m2
Geotextile 500g/m2
Sikaplan
waterproofing membrane,
loosely laid Concrete structure
Protection-,levelling
mortar 5 - 10cm
Lean concrete
Fully enclosed waterproofing with
Sikaplansheet membranes (cut-and cover)
Method of sheet membrane
installation system
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M th d f h t b
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Partial waterproofing with
Sikaplan
sheet membranes for cut- & cover tunnels
Method of sheet membrane
installation system
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M th d f h t b
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Drainage Drainage
Build-up of layers:BackfillingProtection layersCushion layersSikaplanwaterproofing
Reinforced concrete
membrane, loosely laidCushion layers
Partial enclosed waterproofing with
Sikaplansheet membranes (cut-and cover)
Method of sheet membrane
installation system
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M th d f h t b
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Drainage
Backfilling
Protection layer Geotextiles
500g/m2
Sikaplan
waterproofing
membrane,
loosely laid
Concrete structureGeotextiles
500g/m2
Partial waterproofing with
Sikaplansheet membranes (cut-and cover)
Method of sheet membrane
installation system
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Method of sheet membrane
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Fully enclosed waterproofing with
Sikaplan
sheet membranes (cut-and cover)
Method of sheet membrane
installation system
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Method of sheet membrane
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Prayer seam
Build-up of layers:BackfillingProtection layerCushion layerSikaplanwaterproofing
Reinforced concrete
membrane, loosely laidCushion layer
Build-up of layers: bottom slab:Protection levelling mortar screedCushion layer
Sikaplan
waterproofing
Reinforced concrete
membrane, loosely laidProtection layer
Prayer seam
Fully enclosed waterproofing with
Sikaplansheet membranes (cut-and cover)
Method of sheet membrane
installation system
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Method of sheet membrane
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Prayer seam
Protection layer
Geotextiles 500g/m2
Sikaplan
waterproofing membrane,
loosely laid
Geotextiles 500g/m2
Concrete structure
Protection layer
Ev. geotextile 500g/m2Sikaplan waterproofing
membranes, loosely laidEv. geotextile 500g/m2
Protection layerLean concrete
Backfilling
Fully enclosed waterproofing with
Sikaplansheet membranes (cut-and cover)
Method of sheet membrane
installation system