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What optical phenomena is shown here?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iridescence

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Chem270 Geology and the Engineer

Professor Howard L. McLeanDepartment of ChemistryRose-Hulman Institute of

TechnologySpring 2007

Day 03 Mineral Properties for Identification H SG S L notes (Table 4.9)

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Important Non-silicate Minerals (sulfides)

Mineral H SG Color Streak Luster notes

FeS2 pyrite 6.5 5.1 brass yellow

black metallic

strikes fire with steel, cc

ChalcopyriteCuFeS2

3.5 4.2 brass yellow

black metallic

iridescent

CuS covellite

1.5 4.7 dark blue grey- black

metallic

purplish tarnish

galena PbS 2.5 7.5 lead grey grey Metallic (dull)

cubic cleavage

Bornite Cu5FeS4

3 5.1 Brown grey metallic

iridescent

Sphalerite ZnS

3.5 4 Dark brown

Brown resinous

translucent

4

Important Non-silicate Minerals (sulfides)

Hamblin; Howard, Exercises in Physical Geology

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Important Non-silicate Minerals (sulfides)

Hamblin; Howard, Exercises in Physical Geology

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Important Non-silicate Minerals (native elements)

Mineral H SG Color Streak Luster notes

Cu copper 2.5 8.9 red red metallic

malleable

Ag silver 2.5 10.5

grey white white metallic

malleable

Au gold 2.5 19.3

yellow yellow metallic

malleable

Sb antimony

3.5 6.7 grey white grey metallic

sectile

C diamond 10 3.5 variable -- greasy sparkles

C graphite 1 2.2 black black metallic

marks paper

S sulfur 2 2.1 yellow white yellow

resinous

odor upon burning

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Important Non-silicate Minerals (native elements)

Hamblin; Howard, Exercises in Physical Geology

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Important Non-silicate Minerals (oxides)

Mineral H SG C S L notes

Cu2O cuprite

3.5 6.1 red red metallic

dissolves, HCl

Al2O3 corundum

9 4 brown-blue

vitreous

very hard!

Fe2O3 hematite

6 5.3 brown-black

red metallic

magnetic when heated

Fe3O4 magnetite

6 5.2 black black metallic

magnetic

FeCr2O4 chromite

5.5 4.6 black brown metallic

no cleavage

Al2O3 . 2H2O

bauxite

2 2.1 red-brown brown dull earthy concretionary

9

Important Non-silicate Minerals (oxides)

Hamblin; Howard, Exercises in Physical Geology

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Important Non-silicate Minerals (oxides)

Hamblin; Howard, Exercises in Physical Geology

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Important Non-silicate Minerals (oxides)

Mineral H SG Color Streak Luster notes

SnO2 cassiterite

6.5 7 Brown-black

White-brown

Vitreous

Translucent

FeTiO3 ilmenite

5.5 4.7 Black Black Metallic

Nonmagnetic

FeO(OH) goethite

5 4.4 Brown Brown Dull Crystalline

Fe2O3 . 3H2O limonite

5 3.8 Brown Yellow-brown

Dull Earthy

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Important Non-silicate Minerals (oxides)

Hamblin; Howard, Exercises in Physical Geology

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Important Non-silicate Minerals (halide salts)

Mineral H SG Color Streak Luster notes

NaCl halite 2.5 2.2 variable white vitreous

water soluble

KCl sylvite 2.2 variable white vitreous

water soluble

CaF2 fluorite

4 3.2 variable white vitreous

translucent

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Important Non-silicate Minerals (halide salts)

Hamblin; Howard, Exercises in Physical Geology

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Important Non-silicate Minerals (phosphates)

Mineral H SG Color Streak Luster notes

triphyllite water soluble

Ca3(PO4)2 apatite

Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH)

5 3.2 green variable

white vitreous

sub-resinoous

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Important Non-silicate Minerals (carbonates)

Mineral H SG Color Streak Luster notes

CaCO3 calcite 3 2.7 variable

white vitreous

soluble in HCl

CaCO3

aragonite

3.5 2.9 colorless

white vitreous

stained with MnSO4

(Mg,Ca)2(CO3)2 dolomite

3.5 2.9 white-brown

white vitreous

Fresh powder soluble in HCl

Cu3(OH)2CO3 malachite

3.5 4 bright green

green silky-dull

Cu2(OH)2(CO3)2 azurite

3.5 3.8 dark blue

blue vitreous

FeCO3

siderite

3.5 3.9 brown white vitreous

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Important Non-silicate Minerals (carbonates)

Hamblin; Howard, Exercises in Physical Geology

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Important Non-silicate Minerals (carbonates)

Mineral H SG Color Streak Luster notes

BaCO3 witherite 3.5 4.3 white-grey

white resinous

rough striations

PbCO3 cerussite 3 6.6 white-grey

white vitreous

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Important Non-silicate Minerals (sulfates)

Mineral H SG Color Streak Luster notes

BaSO4 barytes 3 4.5 white-grey

white vitreous

tubular crystals

SrSO4 celestine 3.5 4 white-blue

white vitreous

very brittle

PbSO4 anglesite 3 6.3 white-blue

white vitreous

associated with galena

CaSO4

anhydrite3 3 White-

brownwhite pearly splintery

fracture

CaSO4 . 2H2O

gypsum

2 2.3 colorless

white vitreous

flexible, inelastic

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Important Non-silicate Minerals (sulfates)

Hamblin; Howard, Exercises in Physical Geology