1. Why did vertebrates move onto land?
2. What are the challenges of terrestrial life?
3. How did early tetrapods “solve” these problems?
4. Why were/are early tetrapods and modern amphibians
limited to moist environments?
5. What adaptations enabled the reptiles to colonize new
(dry) environments?
Carboniferous Period
Permian Period
Jurassic Period
Stapes/tympanum (early tetrapods)
Note: 3 and 4 are reversed!
Amniota
Monophyletic Paraphyletic, Polyphyletic
Bufonidae Hylidae Ranidae
Anura Many more families!
http://animaldiversity.org/site/topics/frogCalls.html