1. Why do we use a 1. Why do we use a classification system?classification system?

Organize living things into groupsGive organisms names

Trees

Maples –

Fir –

Pine -

Acer

Abies

Pinus

2. Taxonomy2. TaxonomyA discipline used by scientists to classify organisms

Give organisms a universally accepted name

Classification of organisms into groups based on similarities of structure or origin

KEY TERMS:Universally –Structure –Origin –

accepted around the worldhow something is made or what something is made of

where something came from

3. Classify3. ClassifyOrganize organisms into groups

Animals Plants Fungi Bacteria

For Example:For Example:

4. Why use Latin and Greek 4. Why use Latin and Greek names for scientific classification?names for scientific classification?

Common names vary between countries – confusing

Latin and Greek languages were understood by early scientists

A universally accepted scientific language

Still used today

5. What did the Swedish botanist, Carolus 5. What did the Swedish botanist, Carolus Linnaeus create in the 1700’s?Linnaeus create in the 1700’s?

Developed a two word naming system called“Binomial Nomenclature.”

6. Binomial Nomenclature6. Binomial Nomenclature

Each organism is given a two part scientific name – Genus species

Bi meaning “two”

Nomen meaning “name”

EXAMPLES:EXAMPLES:

Spider plant - Chlorophytum comosum

Pansy – Viola tricolor

7. Genus7. GenusGeneric name

A group of closely related species

EXAMPLES:

Apple –

Squash –

Plum -

Malus

Cucurbita

Prunus

8. Species8. SpeciesKind (Latin), specific nameOrganisms with similar characteristicsCan breedProduce fertile offspring

Japanese Maples – Japanese Maples – AcerAcer palmatum palmatum

9. Seven Classification Levels9. Seven Classification Levels

Kingdom - Animalia

Phylum - Chordata

Class - Mammalia

Order - Carnivora

Family - Ursidae

Genus - Ursus

Species - arctos

Grizzly Bear

10. Taxonomic Nomenclature10. Taxonomic Nomenclature

Naming System

11. Taxon11. TaxonEach of the levels in the classification system is called a taxon

Taxa: pluralKingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

12. What are the six kingdoms in 12. What are the six kingdoms in thethe current system of classification? current system of classification?   Eubacteria

Archaebacteria

Protista

Fungi

Plantae

Animalia

EuglenaEuglena

13. What is a Dichotomous Key?13. What is a Dichotomous Key?

A tool used to identify oragnisms – plants, insects, animals, etc.A series of paired statements that describe different organisms.With each step in a dichotomous key you have two choices.

Example Dichotomous Key for trees:

Compound or Simple Leaf 1a) Compound Leaf (leaf divided into leaflets)

1b) Simple Leaf (leaf not divided into leaflets)