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World War I

& President Wilson

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Vocabulary1. Assassination: When someone of political importance is

murdered (usually) for political reasons

2. Neutrality: The act of not taking a side in a conflict.

3. The Allies (Triple Entente): Another name for Britain, France and Russia during World War I

4. The Central Powers: Another name for Germany, Austria-Hungary and The Ottoman Empire during World War I

5. Reparations: Money that you must pay someone because you did something bad to them.

6. Suffrage: The right to vote.

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Main Causes of the War

1. Nationalism

2. Militarism

3. Imperialism

4. Alliances

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NationalismDevoting yourself to one nation

Pride in your country above all else

Rivalries built from Middle Ages

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MilitarismBuilding an army and weapons for war

Machine guns

Advanced artillery

Mustard gas

Society obsessed with protecting itself from enemies

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Imperialism

Nations competing for colonies

The desire by stronger countries to boss around weaker ones

Sometimes based on the Need for raw materials and economic gain

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AlliancesClose associations between certain countries

Countries that work together to protect their international security

The Allies (Entente)

France

Britain

Russia

The Central Powers

Germany

Austria-Hungary

Ottoman Empire

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Quick Quiz

1. What is Imperialism?

2. What is Militarism?

3. What is Nationalism

4. What are alliances?

5. What were the names of the Alliances of Europe? And what countries were in each one?

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France

BritainRussia

AustriaHungary

Germany

Italy

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Trouble in Serbia

Serbia was considered under control of Austria-Hungary

This angered some Serbians

Archduke Franz-Ferdinand (of Austria- Hungry) assassinated by member of terrorist group

Blame goes to Serbia and Austria-Hungary threatens war

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France (5)

Britain (7)

Russia (3)

AustriaHungary

(2)

Germany (4)

Italy Serbia (1)July 28

July 29

August 1

August 3

August 4

Belgium (6)

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What led to World War I?1. Archduke of Austria-Hungary was assassinated in Serbia

2. Austria blamed Serbia for this & Serbia refused to comply with the demands so Austria-Hungary invaded Serbia

3. Russia (Allied with Serbia) mobilized its military to defend Serbia against Austria Hungary

4. Germany (Allied with Autria-Hungary) declared war on Russia

5. Germany (Allied with Austria-Hungary)declared war on France

6. Germany invaded Belgium to get into France easily

7. Britain (Allied with France) declared war on Germany

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U.S. InvolvementPresident Wilson declares Neutrality

“Every man who really loves America will act and speak in the true spirit of neutrality, which is the spirit of impartiality and fairness and friendliness to all concerned.”

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Was the U.S. neutral?

YES, but we were still making money… from both sides of the war.

Nations 1914 1915 1916 Britain $594,271,863 $911,794,954 $1,526,685,102 France $159,818,924 $364,397,170 $628,851,988 Germany $344,794,276 $28,863,354 $288,899

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Which side should U.S. be on?Triple Entente / The Allies

Lots of business ties

Close cultural tiesFrance helped in Revolutionary war

America is ½ English ancestry

Central Powers

11 million German Americans in states

Irish-Americans HATED Britain

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Quick Quiz1. What set off the chain reaction that began World

War I? Explain.

2. Explain the chain of events that led to World War I In your own words.

3. What is neutrality?

4. Who was the president that favored neutrality?

5. What were some reasons for the U.S. to join the Allies?

6. What were some reasons for the U.S. to join the Central Powers?

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The Lusitania

British passenger ship with American’s on board

German navy had many submarines in the Atlantic

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The Lusitania is Sunk

May 7th 1915, it is sunk by German U-Boat

128 Americans die (out of 1,200)

Lusitania had ammo cartridges and war supplies on board

Americans are furious, But this alone would not put the United States into war

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The Zimmermann NoteNote from Germany to Mexico. It basically said…

“Hey Amigo’s! What’s up!?! Que pasa!!! Alright so, we know you are super pissed off at your neighbors upstairs about that Mexican-American War. I mean, let’s be honest, they kinda whooped your ***. So, I got a deal for you. See, your neighbors are pissin us off too because they keep on givin’ our enemies weapons and it’s hurting us. But they’re all like “NOooOO, we’re neutral…freedom of the seas man!” And we’re all like…”CH’YA RIGHT!” So if you can, how’s about you get your army to invade your buddies upstairs. If you can do that, we’ll invade too and be able to have ourselves a two front war. And if we win…we’ll give all that land that you got stolen away from you. What do ya say?

Write this in your own words!

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What did Mexico do?

Britain found and decoded the message

Britain shared information with the U.S.

“OMG, did you hear what Germany was saying about you guys?”

Mexico did not take up Germany on their offer

BUT AMERICA WAS PISSED!

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Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

In addition to anger over the Zimmermann Note and the sinking of the Lusitania, Germany declared unrestricted submarine warfare on any boats interfering with their blockade of Britain on January 31st, 1917.

Four unarmed U.S. merchant ships (non-military ships for carrying goods) were sunk by German Submarines with 36 lives lost.

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America Declares War!

America declared war on the Central Powers April 12th, 1917

Army recruitment posters popped up everywhere

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A New Kind of War

World War I was the first war of its kind that the world had ever seen because new Technology led to…

No more horseback Military used gas, tanks, machine guns, airplanes and u-boatsSoldiers could kill from a distanceIt was about who had the most gunsTRENCH WARFARE!

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Trench Warfare of WWI

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Pics from the Trenches

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The Treaty of Versailles…Ended the war and was signed on June 28th 1919.

Limited the size of the German Military and required Germany to give land to France, Denmark, and Poland

Made Germany pay reparations to France and the other Allies for all of their war costs.

Established the League of Nations (an international organization of countries)

The United States never signed the treaty of Versailles because many Americans rejected the Idea of the League of Nations

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Espionage & Sedition ActsPassed by Congress and signed by President Wilson in 1917 & 1918

A person could be fined up to $10,000 and sentenced to 20 years in prison for “interfering” with the war effort

Even just saying you disagreed with the war could be viewed as interfering and therefore these laws were a violation of the first amendment’s freedom of speech

Newspapers that criticized the war effort lost their mailing privileges

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Quick Quiz

1. What was the Lusitania? What happened to it?

2. Explain the Zimmerman Note. Why did in anger the United States?

3. Explain Unrestricted Submarine Warfare and its affect on U.S. merchant ships in 1917

4. What was the American Response to the Lusitania, the Zimmermann Note and German unrestricted submarine warfare ?

5. Name 6 things that made World War I different than other Wars?

6. What was the treaty of Versailles? Name at least 5 things about it.

7. What were the Espionage & Sedition Acts

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President Wilson at Home

Women’s Suffrage, Antitrust Laws, Banking Reforms and the Limits of Progressivism

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Women’s SuffrageIn the early 1900s more women were going to college.

Carrie Chapman Catt was the President of the National American Women’s Suffrage Association

Women’s involvement in World War I was the final straw that convinced many to support Women’s suffrage.

The 19th Amendment (which guarantees women the right to vote was passed in 1920.

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Anti-trust LawsPresident Wilson was also a progressive

He signed the Clayton Anti-trust Act which gave the government more power to control monopolies.

The Clayton Anti-trust Act also made it easier for workers to go on strike to improve their working conditions.

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Banking Reforms

The FTC (Federal Trade Commission)Established in 1914 to investigate and stop unfair business practices and provide more rules for banks to follow.

The Federal Reserve Established in 1913 - Created 12 regions of banking in the United States to keep banking more organized. Allows the government to print money and change interest rates to help the economy.

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Regions of the Federal Reserve

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Limits of Progressivism

Wilson was worried about angering southern whites so he opposed federal anti-lynching laws.

Wilson also appointed many segregationists to jobs in the federal government.

Unfortunately Wilson’s Progressivism seemed to not apply to black Americans.

Woodrow Wilson was the last progressive President

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Quick Quiz

1. Who was Carrie Chapman Catt? When was suffrage for women achieved?

2. How/Why was suffrage achieved for women? (Three Facts)

3. Explain FOUR FACTS about anti-trust laws under President Wilson.

4. What were (two facts) of President Wilson’s Banking Reforms?

5. What were the limits of progressivism under President Wilson?