10-1 Notes The Circulatory System

Chapter 10, Lesson 1

PART 2 of 2

The Circulatory System

• Oxygen, food, other nutrients, and waste products are transported to and from cells by blood.

The Circulatory System

• The circulatory system contains the heart and blood vessels, and transports blood throughout the body.

Blood

• Blood is a tissue that contains many different substances, including cells.

Blood

• Blood is 55% plasma.– Plasma is 90% water.– The remaining 10% is ions,

proteins, and other substances.

transport oxygen with iron-containing proteins called hemoglobin

help transport carbon dioxide

defense and immunity

fragments of cells in blood

clotting to stop bleeding

Heart

• The heart is the organ of the circulatory system that pumps blood.

Heart

• The atria (singular, atrium) are the two upper chambers of the heart that receive blood.

Heart

• The ventricles are the two lower chambers that pump blood out of the heart.

Heart

• Deoxygenated blood (blood whose oxygen has been used up) travels from the right atrium to the right ventricle, the lungs, the left atrium, the left ventricle, and to the body.

Heart

Blood’s Pathway:

• right atrium

• right ventricle

• lungs

• left atrium

• left ventricle

• body

Heart

Blood Vessels

• Blood travels to and from the heart in vessels.

Blood Vessels

• Arteries are vessels that carry blood Away from the heart to organs of the body.

Blood Vessels

• Arteries branch into smaller vessels called capillaries, which deliver oxygen and nutrients to the organs.

Blood Vessels

• The capillaries transport carbon dioxide and wastes, then join with larger vessels that carry the blood on its return path.

Blood Vessels

• These vessels connect to larger vessels called veins that carry blood to the heart.

Blood Vessels

• All blood vessels have the same structure:– Inner lining: thin, flat layer of cells

where the blood and the vessel wall meet

Blood Vessels

• All blood vessels have the same structure:– Next layer: connective tissue

followed by a layer of smooth muscle

Blood Vessels

• All blood vessels have the same structure:– Final layer: connective tissue that

contains nerves and supplies the larger vessels with nutrients

Pulmonary - Circulatory System Gas Exchange

• The two systems must exchange oxygen (in) for carbon dioxide (out).

• Air in the alveoli and blood in the capillaries trade oxygen for carbon dioxide easily.

• No energy is required to trade oxygen for carbon dioxide.

• These two gases move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Pulmonary - Circulatory System Gas Exchange

• Alveoli are surrounded by capillaries.

• When the level of carbon dioxide in your lungs becomes too high, you exhale without thinking.

Pulmonary - Circulatory System Gas Exchange

• Respiration and breathing are not the same.– Respiration uses oxygen and food

to produce energy.– Breathing is the physical process

of inhalation and exhalation.

Pulmonary - Circulatory System Gas Exchange

Problems in Circulatory System

• Circulatory system problems prevent oxygen from reaching cells and can lead to health problems and death.

Problems in Circulatory System

• Cardiovascular diseases are the diseases of the heart and blood vessels.

Problems in Circulatory System

• Cardiovascular disease causes more than half the deaths in the U.S.

Problems in Circulatory System

• Risk factors include:– being overweight– a diet high in saturated fat and

cholesterol– smoking– high blood sugar– physical inactivity– consuming too much alcohol

• A heart attack occurs if the coronary arteries cannot supply enough blood to the heart.

Problems in Circulatory System

• A stroke is the death of brain tissue.

Problems in Circulatory System

• Family history, or genetics, partially determines your risk.

• However, a healthy lifestyle is the best way to prevent cardiopulmonary problems.

Problems in Circulatory System

What type of blood vessels carry blood away from the heart to organs of the body?

A arteries

B capillaries

C veins

D ventricles

10.1 The Pulmonary-Circulatory System

What is the term for the iron-containing proteins in red blood cells?

A platelets

B plasma

C hemoglobin

D ions

10.1 The Pulmonary-Circulatory System

What term describes fragments of cells in your blood?

A white blood cells

B hemoglobin

C platelets

D plasma

Which is not a risk factor for heart disease?

A smoking

B physical activity

C high blood sugar

D being overweight

What occurs if coronary arteries cannot supply enough blood to the heart?

A stroke

B heart attack

C asthma

D pneumonia

SCI 5.b

What is the name of the smallest blood vessels?

A veins

B alveoli

C arteries

D capillaries

SCI 5.b

Where does blood from the lungs go to?

A right atrium

B left atrium

C right ventricle

D left ventricle

SCI 6.j