10 Geography, Demography, Ecology, and Society.ppt · Urbanism: the urban way of life, a condition,...

Geography, Demography, Ecology, and Society

amporn w. tamronglak 1

Associate Professor Amporn W. Tamronglak, Ph.D.TU 120 Integrated Social Sciences

Thammasat University

Read Chapter 5Hunt and Colander (2011)


Geography

How many countries can you identify on the world map?

How many countries are there in the world?


How many countries are there in the world?How many countries are members of the United Nations (UN)?The non-members of UN are…http://www.worldatlas.com/nations.htm



Demography

What is demography?• The study of the number and characteristics of a

population: the causes of decreasing or


population: the causes of decreasing or increasing number of population, including health care and sanitation, distribution of people by age, gender, marital status, occupation, income, nationality, and race.

http://unstats.un.org/unsd/default.htm

World Population

In the beginning of the 20th century the entire world population was less than 2 billion people�


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Today the current world population has exceeded � billions by far (��,��http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/vitstats/Sets/Series_A_2011.pdf

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The most populated countries of the world


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Determinants of Population Growth

Death rate and birth rateWhat are the birthrates and death rates in Thailand?


Thailand?How to control the birthrate and the death rate in U.S., China, Thailand, etc?

Population Growth

Reasons for the growth in population in the pastThe problem of counting


The problem of countingWhat is “The Malthusian Theory”?

Malthusian Theory

The population growth would necessarily tend to overrun means of subsistence, based on “the law of diminishing returns”


“The law of diminishing returns”: if more and more people are employed on a given area of land, even though total output may continue to expand, beyond a certain point average output per worker will shrink.


Because of industrial revolution,…

It took 123 years for the world to go from one billion people to two billion (achieved in 1930).


in 1930).It took only 12 years to go from five billion to six billion people (in 1999).It’s expected that by 2050, the global population will hit nine billion.


With more people, it means we’ll need to produce more food in the next 50 years than we’ve produced in the past 10,000 years


we’ve produced in the past 10,000 years combined.This wouldn’t be a problem if we could actually keep producing more food. But there is a limit…

Malthus’s saying…

The population growth is progressing Geometrically (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32,…), while the production of food is increasing


the production of food is increasing Arithmetically (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,…), leading to food shortage in the future, “Food Crisis.”

Population Growth Rate

Growth rate = [(birth + immigration) –


Growth rate = [(birth + immigration) –(death + emigration)]/ population

How to slow down the population growth?

“Moral restraint” of marital chastity (purity) and late marriageWhat are other preventive checks?


What are other preventive checks?• One family, One child• Contraception, etc.

The Urban Society

UrbanizationThe industrial revolution and the growth of cities


citiesUrbanism: the urban way of life, a condition, a set of attitudes, a quality of life, urban values, etc.

What are the urban crisis?How to cope with the crisis?


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Urban Slum

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Urban Slum

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Urban slum…statistics

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Urban slum in the Philippines


Inside slum home

Solutions to urban slum…

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two articles showcasing the debate between two approaches to dealing with urban slums about--: improving the life of the 1M people


about--: improving the life of the 1M people who live in slums of Dharavi in Mumbai:• raze and rebuild• work with the people (read it from the blog)

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For your thought!1. What are approaches to Urban Slums

proposed by World Bank?

How do they work?2. How do they work?Read the following material by WB: http://www.citiesalliance.org/ca/sites/citiesalliance.org/files/CA_Images/Approaches_to_Urban_Slums_WBI.pdf


Optimal population

What is the optimal/ best size of population in order to maximize welfare?


Ecology

The interaction between living things and their environment


Disciplines of ecology:Ecophysiology and Behavioral ecology examine adaptations of the individual to its environment. Population ecology studies the dynamics of populations of a single species. Community ecology (or synecology) focuses on the interactions between species within an ecological


interactions between species within an ecological community. Ecosystem ecology studies the flows of energy and matter through the biotic and abiotic components of ecosystems. . . . Systems ecology is an interdisciplinary field focusing on the study, development, and organization of ecological systems from a holistic perspective. Landscape ecology examines processes and relationship across multiple ecosystems or very large geographic areas

What are the current issues relating to the ecology system today as a

result of overpopulation?


result of overpopulation?

Disruption of ecosystems

Environmental pollution• Environmental depletion• The greenhouse effect: the global warming


• The greenhouse effect: the global warming



Global warming

What causes global warming?What are the effects of global warming?How can we help reducing the global warming problem?


warming problem?What are the measures to help alleviate the problem?What are movements/attempts to solve problem of climate change?

What about the world issue of climate change?



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10 Geography, Demography, Ecology, and Society.ppt · Urbanism: the urban way of life, a condition,...

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