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10
What Makes an Effective Teacher?
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What Makes an Effective Teacher?• Being comfortable in numerous roles• Exhibiting professionalism• Working well within the school• Displaying knowledge and teaching
skill• Communicating effectively• Dealing with conflicts
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For Discussion
• What qualities do you possess that will help make you an effective teacher?
© Michael D. Brown/Shutterstock
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Objective
• Describe the major roles that teachers perform.
© Dmitry Shironosov/Shutterstock
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Five Key Roles of a Teacher
• Information provider
• Facilitator• Planner• Learning evaluator• Role model © Lisa F. Young/Shutterstock
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Teachers Provide Information• Know the content well• Knowledge base should be appropriate
for the teaching level• Choose and evaluate accuracy of
information• Present the information in a variety of
interesting ways
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Teachers Facilitate Learning• As facilitators, teachers guide students’
learning– Requires students to do the work of learning– Promotes creativity and self-motivation
• Different from directive learning where teachers tell students what to learn and provide all the structure for the learning to take place
• Facilitation is a learned skill• Both directive learning and facilitation is
needed. (pg. 220)
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Pg. 220 – Teachers Facilitate Learning• Facilitators guide students’ learning.
They:– plan what will be taught– figure how to best present the material– lead discussions– ask questions– suggest alternative ideas– devise and guide student activities– help students work together
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Benefits of Facilitation
• Unleashes students’ creativity and self-motivation
• Pride and ownership in learning• Motivated and engaged students cause
less behavior problems
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Teachers Plan for Learning
• What information will be learned
• How it will be presented
• What the outcomes should be
• How to adapt to the unexpected
• How to assess
© Michal Kowalski/Shutterstock
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Teachers Plan for Learning
• Utilize resources to adapt lesson for different types of learners
• Make learning challenging, fun, inspiring, and effective.
© Michal Kowalski/Shutterstock
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Teachable Moments Happen• Unforeseen teaching opportunities
come along in the course of a lesson (teachable moments)– Changes can enhance learning and teach
students flexibility
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Teachers Evaluate Learning• May or may not result in a grade (letter
or number)• Grading policies should be clear to
students• Assessment determines how much a
student is learning
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Evaluation vs Assessment
• Evaluation (grading) measures progress. What is a student learning/not learning?
• An assessment CAN be used as an evaluation tool; however, an assessment is a report on achievement – no judgment or consideration of quality is used.
• Grading and assessment involves monitoring student progress.
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Teachers Are Role Models
• Teachers’ behavior can have a positive or negative effect on students
• Effective teachers act as examples of– honesty– respect– Responsibility
• Effective teachers “walk the talk”
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For Reflection
• How have your teachers acted as role models for you?
© Archipoch/Shutterstock
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Objective
• Identify teachers’ professional qualities that have had an impact on your life.
© Dean Mitchell/Shutterstock
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Developing Professional Qualities• Professionalism includes a high degree
of– skill– competence– ethics
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Be Dependable
• Dependability includes being– on time– prepared to teach– loyal– reliable
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Be Responsible
• Being responsible includes– being committed to obligations,
relationships, and actions– accepting blame for mistakes– doing your best on a team– carrying a task through to the end
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Be Committed to Students
• Help each student learn by understanding their abilities, skills, interests, strengths, and relationships
• Teachers also help foster a student’s– self-esteem– motivation to learn
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Show Respect
• Teachers must show regard for each person’s needs, feelings, and potential
© Monkey Business Images/Shutterstock
continued
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Show Respect
• Also must show respect to everyone on staff
• Includes being courteous to support staff
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Be a Team Player
• Effective interpersonal skills help you be a good team player
• Almost all jobs require collaboration• Teachers are required to work well
with students, other teachers, staff, administrators, and school board members
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See the Big Picture
• Avoid getting bogged down in day-to-day tasks and problems
• Stay focused on the real goals• Do not overlook the details
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Develop a Positive Attitude
• Get satisfaction from the job• Have optimism and energy
© oliveromg/Shutterstock continued
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Develop a Positive Attitude
• Benefits include energizing others• To improve your attitude,
– think about what you like best about the job– focus on strides students are making– change whatever is within your power to
improve
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For Discussion
• What can be the result if a teacher has a poor attitude? How can this affect the students?
© Michael D. Brown/Shutterstock
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Objective
• Compare your school’s written information on organizational culture to your observations.
© Andresr/Shutterstock
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Working Effectively Within a School
• A school’s organizational culture includes– things you can see,
such as the way people dress
© Yuri Arcurs/Shutterstock
continued
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Working Effectively Within a School• A school’s organizational culture
includes– people’s assumptions, values, and reasons
for behaviors and actions– school policies and procedures, such as the
mission statement– the chain of command
continued
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Working Effectively Within a School• Ask questions• Pay attention to conversations• Find out
– how people negotiate issues– how things get done– who really has the most influence
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For Discussion
• What might happen if a teacher does not understand the school’s organizational culture?
© Michael D. Brown/Shutterstock
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Objective
• Explain the importance of subject-matter knowledge to teachers and how they can stay updated. © Kruchankova
Maya/Shutterstock
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Subject Knowledge and Teaching Skills• Teachers need a broad understanding
of their subject matter, including– how it relates to basic academic skills– how it relates to students’ future careers
• Must be lifelong learners
continued
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Subject Knowledge and Teaching Skills• Take advantage of opportunities for
professional development, such as– professional organizations– seminars and conferences– advanced degrees
• Must be able to teach subject matter in addition to knowing it
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Objective
• Demonstrate your ability to produce clear, professional, written communication.
© michaeljung/Shutterstock
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Communicating Effectively
• Every aspect of teaching is based on communication
• People communicate without realizing they are doing so
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Verbal vs Nonverbal
• Verbal – spoken words, tone of voice• Nonverbal – body language, facial
expressions, posture, eye contact (or lack of it)
• Every word spoken, gesture, action, and facial expression sends a message that is interpreted by the receiver.
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The sender and receiver
• Sender – the person who transmits a message
• Receiver – the person who accepts a message
• To avoid mixed messages, verbal and nonverbal messages should match
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Two components of effective communication• Communication must occur in the
context of positive relationships• Each form of communication depends
on specific, but related, skills
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Forms of Communication
• Verbal• Nonverbal• Written• Electronic
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Communication & Relationships• Positive relationships = good
communication• Negative relationships = poor
communication– Page 230: You are mad at your brother. He
asks if you will swap chores with him…• Him = Please, trade jobs with me…• You = He’s just trying to get out of work!
UGH!!!
– Because of feelings, you put a negative spin on a neutral message.
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Creating Positive Relationships• Take ownership in the relationship—
take responsibility for your feelings and behaviors rather than blame others– Example: If you feel sad, acknowledge “I feel sad,” rather than
thinking “You make me sad.” Your feelings are your own!!! Possibly you are influenced by events, but another person does not cause your feelings. (You are in control of your feelings, thoughts, actions, and reactions.)
– You can encourage students to behave, but you cannot force them to want to behave.
– Rewards, encouragement, or punishments may influence a person toward a behavior, but the motivation must come from the person. continued
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Creating Positive Relationships• Be an active listener—ask questions,
restate ideas, focus on the other person– Active listening requires that you focus on
the other person, staying in the present moment and increasing the exchange of clear communication.
– Active listening can solve a problem!
continued
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Creating Positive Relationships• Use assertive communication—express
thoughts, ideas, and feelings freely and allow others to as well
• To be an assertive communicator, avoid being– an aggressive communicator, who is
hurtful and disrespectful– a passive communicator, who avoids
conflict by not communicating
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For Reflection
• Do you see yourself as an assertive, aggressive, or passive communicator?
© Archipoch/Shutterstock
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Improving Communication Skills• Skills include
– speaking– writing– nonverbal communication– electronic communication
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Speaking
• Teachers must speak with thought and purpose
• Use time effectively• Consider your audience’s
– needs– interests– motivation– understanding
continued
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Speaking
• Remember that teachers are almost never off duty
© CandyBox Images/Shutterstock continued
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Speaking
• Never speak badly about coworkers or students
• Never reveal personal or confidential information
• ALWAYS think before you speak
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Writing
• Avoid trying to impress people with complicated words and long sentences
• Organize your writing effectively• Check grammar and language• Realize that anything you write may
be permanent
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For Reflection
• Do you always use appropriate writing skills? In what circumstances might you NOT write appropriately?
© Archipoch/Shutterstock
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Nonverbal Communication
• Become more aware of
nonverbal cues, such as– facial expressions– body posture– movements– tone of voice– appearance
© Piotr Marcinski/Shutterstock
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Electronic Communication
• Once an electronic message is sent, you have no control over what happens to it
• Electronic communication allows teachers to stay in touch with students and parents
• Use e-mail, text messages, and website posts carefully, thoughtfully, and cautiously
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Objective• Identify the steps in constructive conflict
resolution and describe the goal of mediation.© AISPIX/Shutterstock
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Resolving Conflicts
• Conflict is inevitable, as people have different ideas, beliefs, and priorities
• Conflicts can be positive and enriching• Keep others’ feelings about conflict in
mind• Teachers must routinely deal with
conflicts
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Constructive Conflict Resolution• A step-by-step method of coming to a
solution• A process that moves from decision
making to problem solving to crisis resolution
© Marcin Balerzak/Shutterstock continued
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Constructive Conflict Resolution• Step 1: Clarify the issue
– Make sure parties identify the same problem
• Step 2: Find out what each person wants
• Step 3: Identify various alternatives– Both parties should brainstorm creative
solutions
• Step 4: Decide how to negotiatecontinued
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Constructive Conflict Resolution• Step 5: Choose the best alternative
– What alternative can both parties accept?
• Step 6: Solidify the agreement– Agree to implement the accepted choice
• Step 7: Review and renegotiate– The problem may not always be solved if
the parties do not follow through
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Mediation
• Disagreements that are not easily solved may require a mediator
• During mediation, a neutral third party tries to help reach a peaceful settlement
• Teachers frequently act as mediators
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For Discussion
• Based on your experience, what makes a teacher an effective mediator?
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Key Points• Teachers play a variety of roles• Success requires an understanding of
the organizational culture• Teachers also need knowledge of their
subject area, skills to motivate students, lifelong learning, communication skills, and conflict management skills
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Review• What is involved in assessment?determining how much a student or
class has learned or is currently learning
• ____ include conduct based on moral principles.
Ethics
continued
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Review• What is the chain of command?the official organizational structure
that tells who reports to whom
• Why is being lifelong learners important for teachers?
so they stay up-to-date in their knowledge and skills