$10,000,000,000
620,000
38,000
Reconstruction
End of the Civil War
Pres. v. Congress.
ReconstructionEnd of Slavery
Voting RightsRacial
Discrimination
End of the Civil War April 1865
Presidential vs. Congressional Reconstruction
Lincoln’s Plan
Congress’s Plan
Johnson’s Plan
End of SlaveryEmancipation
Proclamation
13th amendment
VotingRights
Racial Segregation and
Discrimination
End of the War• April 9, 1865: Robert E. Lee surrenders to
Ulysses S. Grant at the Appomattox Court House after Grant took Richmond on April 2– Grant treated Lee and his troops with great
respect. – Terms of the surrender were very lenient, and
Grant offered parole to the troops.• War officially declared over on May 10,
when Jefferson Davis was captured in Georgia
Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction
• Lincoln began his plan for reconstruction before the war had even ended. His motivation to build a strong Republican Party in the south ultimately led to his plan and opposition of Congress‘s plan.
• Offered pardon to any Confederate who would swear his allegiance to the Constitution of the Union.
• When one tenth of the vote who participated in the election of 1860 had taken an oath in their particular state then the state could launch their own government .
• Congress rejected Lincoln’s plan claiming it was too lenient. The radical Republicans wanted to punish the South for seceding from the Union. In July 1864 congress passed the Wade Davis Bill:– A state must have a majority within its
borders to take the oath of loyalty – A state must formally abolish slavery– No Confederate officials could participate in
the new governments.
Congressional Plan for Reconstruction
• Lincoln’s plan and the congressional plan never occurred because Lincoln was assassinated, so Andrew Johnson took over and his plan consisted of:– Pardons would be granted to those taking a loyalty
oath .– No pardons would be available to high Confederate
officials and those owning property valued in excess of $20,000
– A state needed to abolish Slavery before being readmitted.
– A state was required to repeal its secession ordinance before being readmitted.
Johnson’s Plan for Reconstruction
Emancipation Proclamation• Lincoln issued a final Emancipation
Proclamation on January 1, 1863. (A preliminary proclamation had been issued previously on September 1862 after the victory at Antietam)
• Freed slaves in the areas of rebellion• Careful stance; wanted to please
abolitionists without losing the support of conservatives
13th Amendment• Ratified December 1865• Prohibited slavery in all of the United
States• Completed the Emancipation
Proclamation
• During the harsh times of the Civil War, African Americans faced much discrimination and fought for the right to vote in upcoming elections.
• The passing of the 15th amendment gave the right to vote to all men, and finally African American men were equal, but unfortunately still faced discrimination
• Passed by Congress February 26, 1869 and ratified February 3, 1870.
Voting Rights
• African Americans had freedom, but not equality
• The South resisted changes• Segregation became the norm• The Ku Klux Klan emerged,
terrorizing African Americans
Racial Segregation and Discrimination