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Introduction Tjerk Reijenga MScTjerk Reijenga

architect at BEAR Architects Gouda (NL) from 1985 now

1985

since 2008 at KOW The Hague (NL) - director of sustainability

2008KOW

since 2009 at KOW DDC Shanghai (CN) - architect & director

2009KOW DDC

involved in solar architecture for over 25 years

25

member of advisory board of Dutch Green Building Council

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KOW office The Hague restructureKOW

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KOW office The Hague restructureKOW

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ECN ResearchECN

Building 31

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ECN ResearchECN

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City of the Sun HeerhugowaardHeerhugowaard

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Carbon Neutral housing - Groene Kreek Zoetermeer (NL)

Groene Kreek Zoetermeer

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Mammoet office SchiedamMammoet Schiedam

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Middle East

Lusail Qata

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Middle East

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ShangriLa Yunnan (CN) - Energy efficient office

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Maerkan Sichuan (CN) - Elementary school

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Tianshui, Gansu (CN) - Green Elementary school

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Tianshui, Gansu (CN) - Green Elementary school

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Kunming - Yunnan Baiyao Traditional Chinese Medicine

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Bioclimatic Design Strategy

The main objective of climatic design is

to provide comfortable living conditions

with a minimum and meaningful input of artificial energy.

This reduces investments and running cost

as well as ecological damage.

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Bioclimatic Design Strategy

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1.1 Climate zones

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Climate & Shelter

Melbourne

Shanghai

Dubai

Houston

www.yannarthusbertrand.com

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Relation building + location

www.yannarthusbertrand.com

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Climate - according to Kppen-Geiger (1920)1920

Am

BWh

DfcCfb Dfb

Dwa

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Climate - according to Kppen-Geiger (1920)1920

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Chinas Climate regions

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Chinas Climate regions

very cold region (Bwk, Bsk, Dwa, Dwb) - Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Mongolia, Heilongjiang,

Liaoning, Jilin

cold region (Cwa, ET) - Qinghai, Xizang, Sichuan, Shandong, Henan,

warm region (Cwb) - Yunnan, Sichuan

hot summer cold winter region (Cfa) - Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian, Anhui, Zhejiang

hot summer warm winter region (Cwa) - Guangdong, Guangxi

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Micro climate

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Micro climate

altitude

sun-orientation

wind orientation

air-pollution

water

green areas

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Micro climate

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Mi li

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Micro climate

solar radiation to heat in the winte

protection against rain

absorption of heat in clay bricks

accumulated heat from the rocks

shadow in summer

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Cave dwellings (YaoDong)

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Mi li t

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Micro climate

solar radiation to heat in the winter

protection against cold north winds

natural ventilation

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Micro climate

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Micro climate

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Micro climate

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Micro climate

solar radiation to heat in the winter

protection against cold north winds

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Relation building + location

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Relation building + location

insulated roof

thermal mass

open to the sun

insulated roof

no thermal mass

closed to the sun

Yunnan Mountain Yunnan Valley

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Location

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Location

Topography, geomorphology, vegetation

Orientation, to optimise sun and wind impact

Wind to achieve ventilation

Pattern and form to optimise the impact between buildings

Possible hazards (flooding, earth sliding, etc)

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Warm humid area

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Warm - humid area

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Warm - humid area

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Hot arid area

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Hot arid area

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Bio-climatic approach

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Bio climatic approach

sea breeze (cool)

seawater has a stable temperature

land heats up by day

hot air will rise and

cool air comes from the sea

land cools off by night

temperature is lower then above sea

warm air above sea will rise

cool air comes from the land

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Bio-climatic approach

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Bio climatic approach

sea breeze (cool)

protection to the north

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Bio-climatic approach

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pp

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City climate

City problems:

Heat island effect

Too much stone and concrete surface

Higher temperatures

Bad air quality

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H i l d

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Heat island

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Micro climate

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The principle of using water to counter urban heat island effects and stabilise the microclimate.

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Micro climate

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Streets with shadow

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1.2 Climate factors

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Climate

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Air temperature

difference between day and night

between summer and winter

Air movements and winds

Solar radiation

incoming and outgoing radiation

influence of sky condition

Sun hours

Humidity and precipitation (rain)

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Climate Data

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ecotect software

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Climate Data

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1.3 Human Thermal Comfort

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Human Thermal Comfort

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Temperature

Humidity

Air movement (breeze or draught)

Exposure to radiant heat sources

Cool surfaces

to radiate to for cooling

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Human Thermal Comfort

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Indoorwindspeed

Mechanical effect Effect on human Cooling eDry skin

ffect (C)

Moistskin

m/sec 15C 20C 25C 30C 30C

0,1 minimum - no effect Feel stuffy 0 0 0 0 0

0,25smoke indicates

movement

Only noticeable at

low temperature

2 1,3 0,8 0,5 0,7

0,5flame from a candle

flickers

feels fresh at

comfort temp4 2,7 17 1,0 1,2

1loose paper move /

walking speed

comfortable in

warm area6,7 4,5 2,8 1,7 2,2

1,5too fast for desk

work

draught at comfort

temperature8,5 5,7 3,5 2,0 3,3

2 fast walking speedonly in very hot and

humid conditions10 6,7 4,0 2,3 4,2

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Bio-climatic approach

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IES VE software

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2.1 Design rules

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Select concept for each building typology

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1

2

3

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Relation building + location

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Different design for each region

The local climate is the base for a good design

www.kow.nl

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Energy efficiency

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gy y

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Thermal insulation

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Thermal bridges

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Thermal bridge

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Passive Solar Energy & Hybrid Systems

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Direct sun

Windows & orientation

Deep sun

Thermal mass

Indirect sun

Sunspaces

Covered streets

Thermal storage walls

Hybrid sun

Ducts & fans

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Direct Sun

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Windows & orientation

Main orientation south & southeast

Heating working / living spaces in the morning

Heat producing space on east or north

Large windows on south southeast

Small windows on west & north

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Direct Sun

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Deep sun

Sun trap

Skylights

Thermal mass

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Heat Capacity

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Thermal mass in temperate areas

day / night cycle

use of passive solar energy

summer night ventilation

No thermal mass in hot humid climates

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Indirect Sun & Hybrid Sun

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Sunspaces

Conservatories

Winter garden

Covered streets

Malls

Thermal storage walls

Trombe wall

Transparent insulation

Hybrid sun

Ducts & fans

Rock bed storage

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Conservatories

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Conservatories

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Conservatories + Solar chimney

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Under pressure

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Shading

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Overhangs

Roofs

Outdoor shading systems

fixed systems

moveable systems

awnings & parapets

Lamellas

Plants

Integrated shading systems

between windows

Indoor shading systems

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shading with overhangs

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no shading

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Ventilation strategy

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Heating season

Controlled ventilation

Heat recovery

Protected entrance - air lock

Natural ventilation (if possible)

Pre-heated ventilation air

earth heat exchangers

earth ducts

Summer season

Natural Ventilation

Summer night ventilation Passive cooling

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Ventilation

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Ventilation

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Ventilation + Wind direction +

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Ventilation

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Solar chimney

How it works Heat exchange

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Under pressure

Automatic openings

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Summer Ventilation

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Shady courtyards (cold pockets)

Double skin constructions

Natural Ventilation

Evaporative cooling

Cross ventilation

Stack ventilation

Earth ducts + Wind catchers (summer winds) +

Summer night ventilation

T > 5C

Forced ventilation

Accessible thermal mass

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Summer Ventilation

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Summer Ventilation

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Double skin construction

Evaporative cooling

Cross ventilation

Stack effect

Summer night ventilation

Downdraught cooling

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Double skin construction

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Summer Ventilation

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Summer Ventilation

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Cross Ventilation

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Nocturnal ventilation (day-night)

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Evaporation cooling

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Evaporation of water

Porous pots

Charcoal on grating

Pool of water

(Wet) vegetation

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Downdraught cooling

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Downdraught cooling

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Downdraught cooling

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Daylight

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Window

reflecting inside light shelves

lamellas (example : ECN 31)

Room depth

Atrium

Reflection

Pond

bright surface outside

bright surface inside

Skylight wells - light tubes (example : ECN 42)

woensdag 15 september 2010

Daylight

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0

500

1000

1500

0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5

distance from facadel [m]

luxsystem complete

starting point

no grate

bi.zw. +30/+30bi.zw. +30/0

bi.zw. -30/-30

bi.zw -30/0

woensdag 15 september 2010

G idi th li ht i d

Daylight

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Guiding the light indoors

Letting light come to life Softening the light

Creating from the light

woensdag 15 september 2010

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Sunlight

woensdag 15 september 2010

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Daylight

woensdag 15 september 2010

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Natural Ventilation

woensdag 15 september 2010

Step 1 Measures :

Thermal insulation of roof and walls

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Thermal insulation of roof and walls

Double windows for thermal insulation

Also against draft and air infiltration

Double entrance - wind protection

Daylight in office through windows

Daylight in corridor through light tube

woensdag 15 september 2010

Step 2 Measures :

Building orientation SSE - SE (early morning sun)

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Building orientation SSE SE (early morning sun)

Passive solar energy for heating south rooms

Thermal mass (floors / ceiling) to buffer heat

Active solar heating with heat storage for heating northrooms and heating on cold nights

Solar heating for hot water

Wind turbine for electricity

woensdag 15 september 2010

Step 3 Measures :

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Auxiliary heating for back-up with bio-mass

Heat storage

Low temperature radiant heating (floor/walls)

Daylight sensors for artificial lights

Bio-gas for cooking

woensdag 15 september 2010

Bio mass

Auxiliary heating

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Materials from forestry, fast growing trees

Materials from agriculture, straw, grasses

Waste from woodworks, chips, sawdust

woensdag 15 september 2010

Active solar heating system

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Radiant Heating with solar collector

woensdag 15 september 2010

Passive Solar Energy

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Warm and temperate areas

woensdag 15 september 2010

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Thank you!

woensdag 15 september 2010

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