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CovalentBonds

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LET’SFIRSTREVIEWIONICBONDING

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In an IONIC bond,electrons are lost or gained,resulting in the formation of IONS

in ionic compounds.

FK

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FK

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FK

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FK

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FK

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FK

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FK

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FK+ _

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FK+ _

The compound potassium fluorideconsists of potassium (K+) ions

and fluoride (F-) ions

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FK+ _

The ionic bond is the attractionbetween the positive K+ ion

and the negative F- ion

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Sowhatarecovalentbonds?

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In covalent bonding,atoms still want to achievea noble gas configuration(the octet rule).

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In covalent bonding,atoms still want to achievea noble gas configuration(the octet rule).

But rather than losing or gainingelectrons,atoms now share an electron pair.

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In covalent bonding,atoms still want to achievea noble gas configuration(the octet rule).

But rather than losing or gainingelectrons,atoms now share an electron pair.

The shared electron pairis called a bonding pair

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Cl2

Chlorineforms

acovalent

bondwithitself

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ClClHowwilltwochlorineatomsreact?

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ClClEach chlorine atom wants to gain one electron to achieve an octet

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ClClNeither atom will give up an electron –chlorine is highly electronegative.

What’s the solution – what can theydo to achieve an octet?

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ClCl

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Cl Cl

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Cl Cl

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Cl Cl

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Cl Cloctet

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Cl Cl

circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets

octet

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Cl Cl

circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets

The octet is achieved byeach atom sharing theelectron pair in the middle

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Cl Cl

circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets

The octet is achieved byeach atom sharing theelectron pair in the middle

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Cl Cl

circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets

This is the bonding pair

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Cl Cl

circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets

It is a single bonding pair

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Cl Cl

circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets

It is called a SINGLE BOND

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Cl Cl

circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets

Single bonds are abbreviatedwith a dash

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Cl Cl

circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets

This is the chlorine molecule,

Cl2

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O2

Oxygen is also one of the diatomic molecules

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How will two oxygen atoms bond?

OO

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OOEach atom has two unpaired electrons

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OO

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OO

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OO

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OO

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OO

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OO

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Oxygen atoms are highly electronegative.

So both atoms want to gain two electrons.

OO

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Oxygen atoms are highly electronegative.

So both atoms want to gain two electrons.

OO

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OO

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OO

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OO

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OO

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OOBoth electron pairs are shared.

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6 valence electronsplus 2 shared electrons

= full octet

OO

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6 valence electronsplus 2 shared electrons

= full octet

OO

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two bonding pairs,

OOmaking a double bond

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OO=For convenience, the double bond

can be shown as two dashes.

OO

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OO=This is the oxygen molecule,

O2

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