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MEDICAL POLICY – 1.01.30 Artificial Pancreas Device Systems BCBSA Ref. Policy: 1.01.30 Effective Date: April 1, 2020 Last Revised: March 10, 2020 Replaces: N/A RELATED MEDICAL POLICIES: None Select a hyperlink below to be directed to that section. POLICY CRITERIA | DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS | CODING RELATED INFORMATION | EVIDENCE REVIEW | REFERENCES | HISTORY Clicking this icon returns you to the hyperlinks menu above. Introduction An artificial pancreas device system combines a glucose monitor and an insulin infusion pump. The goal is to try to match how a normal pancreas would work. The pancreas releases insulin based on changing levels of glucose in the blood. In this system, insulin is either withheld or released based on the blood glucose level shown on the monitor. For those with type 1 diabetes, these systems may help improve overall glycemic control. They can be especially helpful in controlling episodes of very low blood sugar at night. This policy discusses when an artificial pancreas device system may be considered medically necessary. Note: The Introduction section is for your general knowledge and is not to be taken as policy coverage criteria. The rest of the policy uses specific words and concepts familiar to medical professionals. It is intended for providers. A provider can be a person, such as a doctor, nurse, psychologist, or dentist. A provider also can be a place where medical care is given, like a hospital, clinic, or lab. This policy informs them about when a service may be covered. Policy Coverage Criteria Device Medical Necessity Artificial pancreas device system Use of a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved automated insulin delivery system (artificial pancreas device
Transcript
  • MEDICAL POLICY – 1.01.30

    Artificial Pancreas Device Systems

    BCBSA Ref. Policy: 1.01.30

    Effective Date: April 1, 2020

    Last Revised: March 10, 2020

    Replaces: N/A

    RELATED MEDICAL POLICIES:

    None

    Select a hyperlink below to be directed to that section.

    POLICY CRITERIA | DOCUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS | CODING

    RELATED INFORMATION | EVIDENCE REVIEW | REFERENCES | HISTORY

    ∞ Clicking this icon returns you to the hyperlinks menu above.

    Introduction

    An artificial pancreas device system combines a glucose monitor and an insulin infusion pump.

    The goal is to try to match how a normal pancreas would work. The pancreas releases insulin

    based on changing levels of glucose in the blood. In this system, insulin is either withheld or

    released based on the blood glucose level shown on the monitor. For those with type 1

    diabetes, these systems may help improve overall glycemic control. They can be especially

    helpful in controlling episodes of very low blood sugar at night. This policy discusses when an

    artificial pancreas device system may be considered medically necessary.

    Note: The Introduction section is for your general knowledge and is not to be taken as policy coverage criteria. The

    rest of the policy uses specific words and concepts familiar to medical professionals. It is intended for

    providers. A provider can be a person, such as a doctor, nurse, psychologist, or dentist. A provider also can

    be a place where medical care is given, like a hospital, clinic, or lab. This policy informs them about when a

    service may be covered.

    Policy Coverage Criteria

    Device Medical Necessity Artificial pancreas device

    system

    Use of a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved

    automated insulin delivery system (artificial pancreas device

  • Page | 2 of 18 ∞

    Device Medical Necessity system) with a low-glucose suspend feature may be considered

    medically necessary in patients with type 1 diabetes who meet

    all of the following criteria:

    • Age 14 years of age or older

    AND

    • Glycated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1c) value between 5.8%

    and 10.0%

    AND

    • Used insulin pump therapy for more than 6 months

    AND

    • At least two documented nocturnal hypoglycemic events in a

    two-week period (see definition below)

    Hybrid closed loop insulin

    delivery system

    Use of a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved

    automated insulin delivery system (artificial pancreas device

    system) designated as hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery

    system (with low glucose suspend and suspend before low

    features) may be considered medically necessary in patients

    with type 1 diabetes who meet all of the following criteria:

    • Age 7 and older

    AND

    • Glycated hemoglobin level between 5.8% and 10.0%

    AND

    • Used insulin pump therapy for more than 6 months

    AND

    • At least 2 documented nocturnal hypoglycemic events in a 2-

    week period

    Device Investigational Automated insulin delivery

    system

    Use of an automated insulin delivery system (artificial

    pancreas device system) is considered investigational for

    individuals who do not meet the above criteria

    Use of an automated insulin delivery system (artificial

    pancreas device system) not approved by the Food and Drug

    Administration is considered investigational.

  • Page | 3 of 18 ∞

    Documentation Requirements The patient’s medical records submitted for review should document that medical necessity

    criteria are met. The record should include clinical documentation of:

    • Diagnosis/condition

    • History and physical examination documenting the severity of the condition

    • Hemoglobin A1c (glycated hemoglobin) results

    • History of insulin pump usage

    • Documentation of nighttime hypoglycemia events

    Coding

    Code Description

    HCPCS S1034 Artificial pancreas device system (eg, low glucose suspend [LGS] feature) including

    continuous glucose monitor, blood glucose device, insulin pump and computer

    algorithm that communicates with all of the devices

    S1035 Sensor; invasive (eg, subcutaneous), disposable, for use with artificial pancreas device

    system, 1 unit = 1 day supply

    S1036 Transmitter; external, for use with artificial pancreas device system

    S1037 Receiver (monitor); external, for use with artificial pancreas device system

    Note: CPT codes, descriptions and materials are copyrighted by the American Medical Association (AMA). HCPCS

    codes, descriptions and materials are copyrighted by Centers for Medicare Services (CMS).

    Related Information

    Consideration of Age

    The ages stated in this policy for which the artificial pancreas system may be considered

    medically necessary is based on the FDA approved indications for the device.

    Evidence Review

  • Page | 4 of 18 ∞

    Description

    Automated insulin delivery systems, also known as artificial pancreas device systems, link a

    glucose monitor to an insulin infusion pump that automatically takes action (eg, suspends or

    adjusts insulin infusion) based on the glucose monitor reading. These devices are proposed to

    improve glycemic control in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes, in particular, reduction of

    nocturnal hypoglycemia.

    Background

    Diabetes and Glycemic Control

    Tight glucose control in patients with diabetes has been associated with improved health

    outcomes. The American Diabetes Association has recommended a glycated hemoglobin level

    below 7% for most patients. However, hypoglycemia, may place a limit on the ability to achieve

    tighter glycemic control. Hypoglycemic events in adults range from mild to severe based on a

    number of factors including the glucose nadir, the presence of symptoms, and whether the

    episode can be self-treated or requires help for recovery. Children and adolescents represent a

    population of type 1 diabetics who have challenges in controlling hyperglycemia and avoiding

    hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia is the most common acute complication of type 1 diabetes (T1D).

    Table 1 is a summary of selected clinical outcomes in T1D clinical management and research.

    Table 1. Outcome Measures for Type 1 Diabetes

    Measure Definition Guideline type Organization Date

    Hypoglycemia

    Stakeholder survey,

    expert opinion with

    evidence review

    Type 1 Diabetes

    Outcome Programa1

    2017

    Level 1

    Level 2

    Level 3

    Glucose

  • Page | 5 of 18 ∞

    Measure Definition Guideline type Organization Date

    Hypoglycemia Same as Type 1 Diabetes

    Outcome Programa

    Professional Practice

    Committee with

    systematic literature

    review

    ADA2 2019

    Hypoglycemia

    Clinical alert for

    evaluation and/or

    treatment

    Clinically important or

    serious

    Severe hypoglycemia

    Glucose 250 mg/dL

    Type 1 Diabetes

    Outcome Programa1

    2017

    Time in Rangeb Percentage of glucose

    readings in the range of 70–

    180 mg/dL per unit of time

    Type 1 Diabetes

    Outcome Programa

    2017

    Diabetic ketoacidosis

    (DKA)

    Elevated serum or urine

    ketones > ULN

    Serum bicarbonate

  • Page | 6 of 18 ∞

    Hypoglycemia

    Hypoglycemia affects many aspects of cognitive function, including attention, memory, and

    psychomotor and spatial ability. Severe hypoglycemia can cause serious morbidity affecting the

    central nervous system (eg, coma, seizure, transient ischemic attack, stroke), heart (eg, cardiac

    arrhythmia, myocardial ischemia, infarction), eye (eg, vitreous hemorrhage, worsening of

    retinopathy), as well as cause hypothermia and accidents that may lead to injury. Fear of having

    hypoglycemia symptoms can also cause decreased motivation to adhere strictly to intensive

    insulin treatment regimens.

    The definition of a hypoglycemic episode is not standardized. In the pivotal Automation to

    Simulate Pancreatic Insulin Response randomized controlled trial, a nocturnal hypoglycemic

    episode was defined as a sensor glucose value of 65 mg/dL or less between 10 PM and 8 AM for

    more than 20 consecutive minutes in the absence of a pump interaction within 20 minutes. In

    2017, the American Diabetes Association defined serious, clinically significant hypoglycemia as

    glucose levels

  • Page | 7 of 18 ∞

    minimize the incidence and severity of hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic events. An APDS

    control algorithm is embedded in software in an external processor or controller that receives

    information from the CGM and performs a series of mathematical calculations. Based on these

    calculations, the controller sends dosing instructions to the infusion pump.

    Threshold Suspend Device System

    Different APDS types are currently available for clinical use. Sensor augmented pump therapy

    (SAPT) with low glucose suspend (LGS) (suspend on low) may reduce the likelihood or severity of

    a hypoglycemic event by suspending insulin delivery temporarily when the sensor value reaches

    (reactive) a predetermined lower threshold of measured interstitial glucose. Low glucose

    suspension (LGS) automatically suspends basal insulin delivery for up to two hours in response

    to sensor-detected hypoglycemia.

    A sensor augmented pump therapy with predictive low glucose management (PLGM) (suspend

    before low) suspends basal insulin infusion with the prediction of hypoglycemia. Basal insulin

    infusion is suspended when sensor glucose is at or within 70 mg/dL above the patient-set low

    limit and is predicted to be 20 mg/dL above this low limit in 30 minutes. In the absence of a

    patient response, the insulin infusion resumes after a maximum suspend period of two hours. In

    certain circumstances, auto-resumption parameters may be used.

    When a sensor value is above or predicted to remain above the threshold, the infusion pump

    will not take any action based on CGM readings. Patients using this system still need to monitor

    their blood glucose concentration, set appropriate basal rates for their insulin pump, and give

    premeal bolus insulin to control their glucose levels.

    Control-to-Range System

    A control-to-range system reduces the likelihood or severity of a hypoglycemic or

    hyperglycemic event by adjusting insulin dosing only if a person's glucose levels reach or

    approach predetermined higher and lower thresholds. When a patient's glucose concentration is

    within the specified range, the infusion pump will not take any action based upon CGM

    readings. Patients using this system still need to monitor their blood glucose concentration, set

    appropriate basal rates for their insulin pump, and give premeal bolus insulin to control their

    glucose levels.

  • Page | 8 of 18 ∞

    Control-to-Target System

    A control-to-target system sets target glucose levels and tries to maintain these levels at all

    times. This system is fully automated and requires no interaction from the user (except for

    calibration of the CGM). There are two subtypes of control-to-target systems: insulin-only and

    bihormonal (eg, glucagon). There are no systems administering glucagon marketed in the

    United States.

    An APDS may also be referred to as a “closed-loop” system. A closed-loop system has

    automated insulin delivery and continuous glucose sensing and insulin delivery without patient

    intervention. The systems utilize a control algorithm that autonomously and continually

    increases and decreases the subcutaneous insulin delivery based on real-time sensor glucose

    levels. There are no completely closed-loop insulin delivery systems marketed in the United

    States.

    A hybrid closed-loop system also uses automated insulin delivery with continuous basal insulin

    delivery adjustments. However, at mealtime, the patient enters the number of carbohydrates

    they are eating in order for the insulin pump to determine the bolus meal dose of insulin. A

    hybrid system option with the patient administration of a premeal or partial premeal insulin

    bolus can be used in either control-to-range or control-to-target systems.

    Source: https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/artificial-pancreas-device-system/what-pancreas-what-

    artificial-pancreas-device-system Accessed January 2020

    https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/artificial-pancreas-device-system/what-pancreas-what-artificial-pancreas-device-systemhttps://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/artificial-pancreas-device-system/what-pancreas-what-artificial-pancreas-device-system

  • Page | 9 of 18 ∞

    These systems are regulated by the FDA as class III device systems.

    Summary of Evidence

    The following conclusions are based on a review of the evidence, including but not limited to,

    published evidence and clinical expert opinion, solicited via BCBSA’s Clinical Input Process.

    Low-Glucose Suspend Device

    For individuals who have type 1 diabetes (T1D) who receive an artificial pancreas device system

    with a low-glucose suspend feature, the evidence includes two randomized controlled trials

    (RCTs) conducted in home settings. The relevant outcomes are symptoms, change in disease

    status, morbid events, resource utilization and treatment-related morbidity. Primary eligibility

    criteria of the key RCT, the Automation to Simulate Pancreatic Insulin Response (ASPIRE) trial,

    were ages 16-to-70 years old, T1D, glycated hemoglobin levels between 5.8% and 10.0%, and at

    least 2 nocturnal hypoglycemic events (≤65 mg/dL) lasting more than 20 minutes during a 2-

    week run-in phase. Both trials required at least six months of insulin pump use. Both RCTs

    reported significantly less hypoglycemia in the treatment group than in the control group. In

    both trials, primary outcomes were favorable for the group using an artificial pancreas system;

    however, findings from one trial were limited by nonstandard reporting of hypoglycemic

    episodes, and findings from the other trial were no longer statistically significant when two

    outliers (children) were excluded from analysis. The RCT limited to adults showed an

    improvement in the primary outcome (area under the curve for nocturnal hypoglycemic events).

    The area under the curve is not used for assessment in clinical practice but the current

    technology does allow user and provider review of similar trend data with continuous glucose

    monitoring. Results from the ASPIRE study suggested that there were increased risks of

    hyperglycemia and potential diabetic ketoacidosis in subjects using the threshold suspend

    feature. This finding may be related to whether or not actions are taken by the user to assess

    glycemic status, etiology of the low glucose (activity, diet or medication) and to resume insulin

    infusion. Both retrospective and prospective observational studies have reported reductions in

    rates and severity of hypoglycemic episodes in automated insulin delivery system users. The

    evidence is sufficient that the magnitude of reduction for hypoglycemic events in the T1D

    population is likely to be clinically significant. Limitations of the published evidence preclude

    determining the effects of the technology on overall glycemic control as assessed by HbA1c and

    other parameters and thus, net health outcomes. Evidence reported through clinical input

    supports that the outcome of hypoglycemia prevention provides a clinically meaningful

  • Page | 10 of 18 ∞

    improvement in net health outcome, and this use is consistent with generally accepted medical

    practice. The evidence is sufficient to determine that the technology results in a meaningful

    improvement in the net health outcome.

    Hybrid Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery System

    For individuals who have T1D who receive an artificial pancreas device system with a hybrid

    closed-loop insulin delivery system, the evidence includes multicenter pivotal trials using devices

    cleared by the Food and Drug Administration, supplemental data and analysis for expanded

    indications and more recent studies focused on children and adolescents. Three crossover RCTs

    using a similar first-generation device approved outside the United States have been reported.

    Relevant outcomes are symptoms, change in disease status, morbid events, resource utilization

    and treatment-related morbidity. Of the three crossover RCTs assessing a related device

    conducted outside the United States, two found significantly better outcomes (ie, time spent in

    nocturnal hypoglycemia and time spent in preferred glycemic range) with the device than with

    standard care and the other had mixed findings (significant difference in time spent in nocturnal

    hypoglycemia and no significant difference in time spent in preferred glycemic range). For the

    U.S. regulatory registration pivotal trial, the primary outcomes were safety and not efficacy.

    Additional evidence from device performance studies and clinical studies all demonstrate

    reductions in time spent in various levels of hypoglycemia, improved time in range (70-

    180mg/dl), rare diabetic ketoacidosis and few device-related adverse events. The evidence is

    sufficient that the magnitude of reduction for hypoglycemic events in the T1D population is

    likely to be clinically significant. The variations in the definition of primary and secondary

    outcomes in the study design and conduct of the published evidence are limitations that

    preclude determining the effects of the technology on net health outcomes. Evidence reported

    through clinical input supports that the use of hybrid closed loop APDS systems provides a

    clinically meaningful improvement in net health outcome and is consistent with generally

    accepted medical practice. Reduction in the experience of hypoglycemia and inappropriate

    awareness of hypoglycemia and glycemic excursions were identified as important acute clinical

    outcomes in children, adolescents, and adults and are related to the future risk for end-organ

    complications. The evidence is sufficient to determine that the technology results in meaningful

    improvement in the net health outcome.

    Ongoing and Unpublished Clinical Trials

    Some currently unpublished trials that might influence this review are listed in Table 2.

  • Page | 11 of 18 ∞

    Table 2. Summary of Key Trials

    NCT No. Trial Name Planned

    Enrollment

    Completion

    Date

    Ongoing

    NCT02748018 Multi-center, Randomized, Parallel, Adaptive, Controlled

    Trial in Adult and Pediatric Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

    Using Hybrid Closed Loop System and Control (CSII, MDI,

    and SAP) at Home

    1500 Dec 2021

    NCT03859401 Hypoglycemia Prevention During and After Moderate

    Exercise in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Using anArtificial

    Pancreas With Exercise Behavior Recognition

    33 Dec 2019

    NCT02733211 An Open-label, Two-center, Randomized, Cross-over

    Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Night Closed-

    loop Control Using the MD-LogicAutomated Insulin

    Delivery SystemCompared to Sensor Augmented Pump

    Therapy in Poorly Controlled Patients With Type 1

    Diabetes at Home

    28 Dec 2019

    NCT03739099 Assessment of the Efficacy of Closed-loop Insulin Therapy

    (Artificial Pancreas) on the Control of Type 1 Diabetes in

    Prepubertal Child in Free-life: Comparison Between

    Nocturnal and 24-hour Use on 18 Weeks, Followed by an

    Extension on 18 Weeks

    120 Sep 2020

    NCT03844789a The International Diabetes Closed Loop (iDCL) Trial:

    Clinical Acceptance of theArtificial Pancreas in Pediatrics:

    A Study of t:Slim X2 With Control-IQ Technology

    101 Mar 2020

    NCT: national clinical trial.

    a Denotes industry-sponsored or cosponsored trial.

    Clinical Input from Physician Specialty Societies and Academic Medical

    Centers

    While the various physician specialty societies and academic medical centers may collaborate

    with and make recommendations during this process, through the provision of appropriate

    reviewers, input received does not represent an endorsement or position statement by the

    physician specialty societies or academic medical centers, unless otherwise noted.

    https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02748018https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03859401?cond=NCT03859401&draw=1&rank=1https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02733211?cond=NCT02733211&draw=1&rank=1https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03739099?cond=NCT03739099&draw=1&rank=1https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03844789?cond=NCT03844789&draw=1&rank=1

  • Page | 12 of 18 ∞

    2019

    In response to requests, while this topic was under review in 2019, clinical input on the use of an

    artificial pancreas device system with a hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery system for individuals

    with type 1 diabetes was received from 4 respondents, including 4 physician-level responses

    identified through 2 specialty societies including physicians with academic medical center

    affiliations. Evidence from clinical input is integrated within the Summary of Evidence.

    2015

    In response to requests, input on artificial pancreas device systems was received from 2

    physician specialty societies and 4 academic medical centers when the policy was under review

    in 2015. Input was mixed on whether artificial pancreas systems, including closed-loop

    monitoring devices with a low-glucose suspend threshold feature, are considered medically

    necessary. Most reviewers thought there was sufficient supportive data on devices with a low-

    glucose suspend feature in patients at high risk of hypoglycemia, but some thought the data

    insufficient.

    Practice Guidelines and Position Statements

    American Diabetes Association

    The American Diabetes Association has released multiple publications on controlling type 1

    diabetes (see Table 3).

    Table 3. Recommendations on Diabetes

    Date Title Publication

    Type

    Recommendation LOE

    2019 Standards of Medical

    Care in Diabetes

    Guideline

    standard

    Automated insulin delivery systems improve

    glycemic control and reduce hypoglycemia in

    adolescents and should be considered in

    adolescents with type 1 diabetes

    B

  • Page | 13 of 18 ∞

    Date Title Publication

    Type

    Recommendation LOE

    2017 Standardizing

    Clinically Meaningful

    Outcome Measures

    Beyond HbA1c for

    Type 1 Diabetes

    Consensus

    report21,a

    Developed definitions for hypoglycemia,

    hyperglycemia, time in range, and diabetic

    ketoacidosis in type 1 diabetes

    N/A

    HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; LOE: Level of Evidence.

    a Jointly published with American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, the American Association of Diabetes

    Educators, the Endocrine Society, JDRF International, The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust, the

    Pediatric Endocrine Society, and the T1D Exchange.

    American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists et al

    The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology

    (2018) published a joint position statement on the integration of insulin pumps and continuous

    glucose monitoring in patients with diabetes.22 The statement emphasized the use of continuous

    glucose monitoring and insulin pump therapy for type 1 diabetes patients who are not in

    glycemic target ranges despite intensive attempts at self-blood glucose monitoring and multiple

    insulin injection therapy.

    Medicare National Coverage

    There is no national coverage determination.

    Regulatory Status

    Table 4 summarizes the FDA-approved automated insulin delivery systems.

  • Page | 14 of 18 ∞

    Table 4. FDA-Approved Automated Insulin Delivery Systems (Artificial

    Pancreas Device Systems)

    Device Age

    Indication

    Manufacturer Date

    Approved

    PMA No./

    Device Code

    MiniMed 530G Systema (open-

    loop, LGS)

    ≥16 y Medtronic Jul 2013 P120010/OZO

    MiniMed 630G System with

    SmartGuard™b (open-loop, LGS)

    ≥16 y

    ≥14 y

    Medtronic Aug 2016

    Jun 2017

    P150001/OZO

    P150001/S008

    MiniMed 670GSystemc (hybrid

    closed-loop, LGS or PLGM)

    ≥14 y

    ≥7-13 y

    Medtronic Sep 2016

    Jul 2018

    P160017/OZP

    P160017/S031

    FDA: Food and Drug Administration; LGS: low glucose suspend; OZO: Artificial Pancreas Device System, threshold

    suspend; OZP: Automated Insulin Dosing Device System, Single Hormonal Control; PMA: premarket approval; PLGM:

    predictive low glucose management.

    a MiniMed 530G System consists of the following devices that can be used in combination or individually: MiniMed

    530G Insulin Pump, Enlite™ Sensor, Enlite™ Serter, the MiniLink Real-Time System, the Bayer Contour NextLink

    glucose meter, CareLink® Professional Therapy Management Software for Diabetes, and CareLink® Personal Therapy

    Management Software for Diabetes (at time of approval).

    b MiniMed 630G System with SmartGuard™ consists of the following devices: MiniMed 630G Insulin Pump, Enlite®

    Sensor, One-Press Serter, Guardian® Link Transmitter System, CareLink® USB, Bayer’s CONTOUR ® NEXT LINK 2.4

    Wireless Meter, and Bayer’s CONTOUR® NEXT Test Strips (at time of approval).

    c MiniMed 670G System consists of the following devices: MiniMed 670G Pump, the Guardian Link (3) Transmitter, the

    Guardian Sensor (3), One-Press Serter, and the Contour NEXT Link 2.4 Glucose Meter (at time of approval).

    The MiniMed® 530G System includes a threshold suspend or LGS feature.5 The threshold

    suspend tool temporarily suspends insulin delivery when the sensor glucose level is at or below

    a preset threshold within the 60- to 90-mg/dL range. When the glucose value reaches this

    threshold, an alarm sounds. If patients respond to the alarm, they can choose to continue or

    cancel the insulin suspend feature. If patients fail to respond, the pump automatically suspends

    action for two hours, and then insulin therapy resumes.

    The MiniMed® 630G System with SmartGuard™, which is similar to the 530G, includes updates

    to the system components including waterproofing.6 The threshold suspend feature can be

    programmed to temporarily suspend delivery of insulin for up to two hours when the sensor

    glucose value falls below a predefined threshold value. The MiniMed 630G System with

    SmartGuard™ is not intended to be used directly for making therapy adjustments, but rather to

    provide an indication of when a finger stick may be required. All therapy adjustments should be

    based on measurements obtained using a home glucose monitor and not on the values

  • Page | 15 of 18 ∞

    provided by the MiniMed 630G system. The device is not intended to be used directly for

    preventing or treating hypoglycemia but to suspend insulin delivery when the user is unable to

    respond to the SmartGuard™ Suspend on Low alarm to take measures to prevent or treat

    hypoglycemia themselves.

    The MiniMed® 670G System is a hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery system consisting of an

    insulin pump, a glucose meter, and a transmitter, linked by a proprietary algorithm and the

    SmartGuard Hybrid Closed Loop.7, The system includes an LGS feature that suspends insulin

    delivery; this feature either suspends delivery on low-glucose levels or suspends delivery before

    low-glucose levels, and has an optional alarm (manual mode). Additionally, the system allows

    semiautomatic basal insulin-level adjustment (decrease or increase) to preset targets (automatic

    mode). As a hybrid system; basal insulin levels are automatically adjusted, but the patient needs

    to administer premeal insulin boluses. The CGM component of the MiniMed 670G System is not

    intended to be used directly for making manual insulin therapy adjustments; rather it is to

    provide an indication of when a glucose measurement should be taken.

    The most recent supplemental approval for the MiniMed® 670G System in July 2018 followed

    the granting a designation of breakthrough device status.

    On June 21, 2018, the FDA approved the t:slim X2 Insulin Pump with Basal-IQ Technology (PMA

    P180008) for individuals who are 6 years of age and older. The System consists of the t:slim X2

    Insulin Pump paired with the Dexcom G5 Mobile CGM (Continuous Glucose Monitor), as well as

    the Basal-IQ Technology. The t:slim X2 Insulin Pump is intended for the subcutaneous delivery of

    insulin, at set and variable rates, for the management of diabetes mellitus in persons requiring

    insulin. The t:slim X2 Insulin Pump can be used solely for continuous insulin delivery and as part

    of the System as the receiver for a therapeutic CGM. The t:slim X2 Insulin Pump running the

    Basal-IQ Technology can be used to suspend insulin delivery based on CGM sensor readings.

    Introduction into clinical care is planned for summer 2019.

    References

    1. Agiostratidou G, Anhalt H, Ball D, et al. Standardizing clinically meaningful outcome measures beyond HbA1c for type 1

    diabetes: A Consensus Report of the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, the American Association of Diabetes

    Educators, the American Diabetes Association, the Endocrine Society, JDRF International, The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley

    Charitable Trust, the Pediatric Endocrine Society, and the T1D Exchange. Diabetes Care. Dec 2017;40(12):1622-1630. PMID

    29162582.

    2. American Diabetes Association. 6. Glycemic Targets: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2019. Diabetes Care. Jan

    2019;42(Suppl 1):S61-s70. PMID 30559232.

  • Page | 16 of 18 ∞

    3. Abraham MB, Jones TW, Naranjo D, et al. ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2018: Assessment and management of

    hypoglycemia in children and adolescents with diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. Oct 2018;19 Suppl 27:178-192. PMID 29869358.

    4. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staff: The Content of

    Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) and Premarket Approval (PMA) Applications for Artificial Pancreas Device Systems

    [draft]. 2012;

    https://www.fda.gov/downloads/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/GuidanceDocuments/UCM259305.pdf

    Accessed January 2020.

    5. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Premarket Approval (PMA): MINIMED 530G SYSTEM. 2013;

    https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpma/pma.cfm?id=P120010 Accessed January 2020.

    6. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Premarket Approval (PMA): MINIMED 630G SYSTEM WITH SMARTGUARD(TM). 2016;

    https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpma/pma.cfm?ID=320606 Accessed January 2020.

    7. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Premarket Approval (PMA): MiniMed 670G System. 2016;

    https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpma/pma.cfm?id=P160017 Accessed January 2020.

    8. Blue Cross and Blue Shield Technology Evaluation Center (TEC). Artificial Pancreas Device Systems. TEC Assessments.

    2013;Volume 28:Tab 14. PMID.

    9. Bergenstal RM, Klonoff DC, Garg SK, et al. Threshold-based insulin-pump interruption for reduction of hypoglycemia. N Engl J

    Med. Jul 18 2013;369(3):224-232. PMID 23789889.

    10. Garg S, Brazg RL, Bailey TS, et al. Reduction in duration of hypoglycemia by automatic suspension of insulin delivery: the in-

    clinic ASPIRE study. Diabetes Technol Ther. Mar 2012;14(3):205-209. PMID 22316089.

    11. Ly TT, Nicholas JA, Retterath A, et al. Effect of sensor-augmented insulin pump therapy and automated insulin suspension vs

    standard insulin pump therapy on hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. Sep 25

    2013;310(12):1240-1247. PMID 24065010.

    12. Agrawal P, Zhong A, Welsh JB, et al. Retrospective analysis of the real-world use of the threshold suspend feature of sensor-

    augmented insulin pumps. Diabetes Technol Ther. May 2015;17(5):316-319. PMID 25611577.

    13. Gomez AM, Marin Carrillo LF, Munoz Velandia OM, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of sensor augmented insulin pump

    therapy with low-glucose suspend feature in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. Feb 2017;19(2):109-114.

    PMID 28001445.

    14. Bergenstal RM, Garg S, Weinzimer SA, et al. Safety of a hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery system in patients with type 1

    diabetes. JAMA. Oct 4 2016;316(13):1407-1408. PMID 27629148.

    15. Garg SK, Weinzimer SA, Tamborlane WV, et al. Glucose outcomes with the in-home use of a hybrid closed-loop insulin delivery

    system in adolescents and adults with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. Mar 2017;19(3):155-163. PMID 28134564.

    16. Forlenza GP, Deshpande S, Ly TT, et al. Application of zone model predictive control artificial pancreas during extended use of

    infusion set and sensor: a randomized crossover-controlled home-use trial. Diabetes Care. Aug 2017;40(8):1096-1102. PMID

    28584075.

    17. Tauschmann M, Thabit H, Bally L, et al. Closed-loop insulin delivery in suboptimally controlled type 1 diabetes: a multicentre,

    12-week randomised trial. Lancet. Oct 13 2018;392(10155):1321-1329. PMID 30292578.

    18. Abraham MB, Nicholas JA, Smith GJ, et al. Reduction in Hypoglycemia With the Predictive Low-Glucose Management System: A

    Long-term Randomized Controlled Trial in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care. Feb 2018;41(2):303-310. PMID

    29191844.

    19. Forlenza GP, Pinhas-Hamiel O, Liljenquist DR, et al. Safety Evaluation of the MiniMed 670G System in Children 7-13 Years of

    Age with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. Jan 2019;21(1):11-19. PMID 30585770.

    20. Wood MA, Shulman DI, Forlenza GP, et al. In-Clinic Evaluation of the MiniMed 670G System "Suspend Before Low" Feature in

    Children with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. Nov 2018;20(11):731-737. PMID 30299976

    https://www.fda.gov/downloads/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/GuidanceDocuments/UCM259305.pdfhttps://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpma/pma.cfm?id=P120010https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpma/pma.cfm?ID=320606https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfpma/pma.cfm?id=P160017

  • Page | 17 of 18 ∞

    21. Messer LH, Forlenza GP, Sherr JL, et al. Optimizing Hybrid Closed-Loop Therapy in Adolescents and Emerging Adults Using the

    MiniMed 670G System. Diabetes Care. Apr 2018;41(4):789-796. PMID 29444895.

    22. American Diabetes Association. 7. Diabetes Technology: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2019. Diabetes Care. Jan

    2019;42(Suppl 1):S71-s80. PMID 30559233.

    History

    Date Comments 03/10/15 New Policy. Policy created with information on this topic previously addressed in Policy

    No. 1.01.522 and a literature review through December 20, 2014. FDA-approved

    artificial pancreas device system with low glucose suspend feature may be considered

    medically necessary for patients with type 1 diabetes who meet criteria; otherwise

    artificial pancreas device systems are considered investigational.

    01/12/16 Annual Review. Added Related Policy 1.01.522 Continuous or Intermittent Monitoring

    of Glucose in Interstitial Fluid. Policy updated with literature review through October 1,

    2015; references added. Policy statements unchanged.

    04/12/16 Minor update. Removal of related policy 1.01.522, policy was archived on April 30,

    2016.

    11/08/16 Minor update. Language added to support that this policy applies only to those age 16

    and older as indicated by FDA approval for the use of the device.

    02/01/17 Annual Review, approved January 10, 2017. Policy updated with literature review

    through October 4, 2016; references added. Policy statements unchanged.

    04/11/17 Policy moved into new format; no change to policy statements. Evidence Review

    section reformatted.

    02/01/18 Annual Review, approved January 16, 2018. Policy updated with literature review

    through October 2017; references updated. Policy statement added that use of hybrid

    closed loop insulin delivery system as an artificial pancreas device system (age 14 and

    older) is considered investigational.

    9/01/18 Minor update. Re-added language supporting that this policy applies to those age 16

    and older; it was inadvertently removed in a previous update.

    03/01/19 Minor update, added Documentation Requirements section.

    07/01/19 Annual Review, approved June 11, 2019. Policy updated with literature review through

    March 2019, references 1, 3-7, 13, 17, 18, and 20-24 added. Policy statements changed:

    the age criterion changed in the first medically necessary statement; medically

    necessary statement added on FDA-approved automated insulin delivery system

    (artificial pancreas device system) designated as hybrid closed loop insulin delivery

    system in patients with type 1 diabetes who meet specified criteria; and investigational

  • Page | 18 of 18 ∞

    Date Comments statement added on use of an automated insulin delivery system (artificial pancreas

    device system) for individuals who have not met specified criteria.

    02/01/20 Annual Review, approved January 9, 2020. Policy updated with literature review

    through September 2019; references added. Policy statements unchanged.

    04/01/20 Delete policy, approved March 10, 2020. This policy will be deleted effective July 2,

    2020, and replaced with InterQual criteria for dates of service on or after July 2, 2020.

    Disclaimer: This medical policy is a guide in evaluating the medical necessity of a particular service or treatment. The

    Company adopts policies after careful review of published peer-reviewed scientific literature, national guidelines and

    local standards of practice. Since medical technology is constantly changing, the Company reserves the right to review

    and update policies as appropriate. Member contracts differ in their benefits. Always consult the member benefit

    booklet or contact a member service representative to determine coverage for a specific medical service or supply.

    CPT codes, descriptions and materials are copyrighted by the American Medical Association (AMA). ©2020 Premera

    All Rights Reserved.

    Scope: Medical policies are systematically developed guidelines that serve as a resource for Company staff when

    determining coverage for specific medical procedures, drugs or devices. Coverage for medical services is subject to

    the limits and conditions of the member benefit plan. Members and their providers should consult the member

    benefit booklet or contact a customer service representative to determine whether there are any benefit limitations

    applicable to this service or supply. This medical policy does not apply to Medicare Advantage.

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    Khmer

    ਕਵਰਜ ਅਤ ਅਰਜੀ ਬਾਰ ਮਹ ਤਵਪਰਨ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ ਹ ਸਕਦੀ ਹ . ਇਸ ਨ ਿਜਸ ਜਵਚ ਖਾਸ

    ਤਾਰੀਖਾ ਹ ਸਕਦੀਆ ਹਨ. ਜੇਕਰ ਤਸੀ ਜਸਹਤ ਕਵਰਜ ਿਰਖਣੀ ਹਵ ਜਾ ਓਸ ਦੀ ਲਾਗਤ ਜਿਵਚ ਮਦਦ ਦ ੇਇਛ ੁਕ ਹ ਤਾਂ ਤਹਾਨ ਅ ਤਮ ਤਾਰੀਖ਼ ਤ ਪਿਹਲਾਂ ਕੁ ਝ ਖਾਸ ਕਦਮ ਚ ਕਣ ਦੀ ਲੜ ਹ ਸਕਦੀ ਹ ,ਤਹੁਾਨ ਮਫ਼ਤ ਿਵਚ ਤ ਆਪਣੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਿਵ ਚ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ ਅਤ ਮਦਦ ਪਾਪਤ ਕਰਨ ਦਾ ਅਿਧਕਾਰ ਹ ,ਕਾਲ 800-722-1471 (TTY: 800-842-5357).

    ਪ ਜਾਬੀ (Punjabi): ਇਸ ਨ ਿਟਸ ਿਵਚ ਖਾਸ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ ਹ. ਇਸ ਨ ਿਟਸ ਿਵਚ Premera Blue Cross ਵਲ ਤੁਹਾਡੀ

    ੇ ੇ ੇ ੱ ੂ ੋ ੈ ੋੋ ਂ ੁ ੇ ੱ ੋ ੇ ੱੱ ੁ ੱ ੂੁ ੱ ੇ ੱ ੇ ੍ਰ ੈ

    ੋ ੰ ੂ ੱ ੁ ੋ ੋ ੈ ੰ

    ੋ ੈ ੋ

    (Farsi): فارسی فرم بارهدر ھمم اطالعات حاوی است ممکن يهمالعا اين. ميباشد ھمم اطالعات یوحا يهمالعا اين

    در ھمم ھای خيتار به باشد.پ رایبستاکنممماش زينهھ اختدپر در مککيا تان بيمهوشش حقظ

    Premera Blue Cross طريق از ماش مهبيوشش يا و تقاضا ای پ. يدماين جهتو يهمالعا اين

    حق شما. يدشاب داشته اجتياح صیاخ کارھای امانج برای صیمشخ ایھ خيتار به تان، انیمدر ھای کسب برای .نماييد دريافت گانيرا ورط به ودخ زبان به را کمک و اطالعات اين که داريد را اين

    استم ) 5357-842-800 مارهباش ماست TTY انکاربر(800-722-1471 مارهش با اطالعات .اييدنم برقرار

    Polskie (Polish): To ogłoszenie może zawierać ważne informacje. To ogłoszenie może

    zawierać ważne informacje odnośnie Państwa wniosku lub zakresu świadczeń poprzez Premera Blue Cross. Prosimy zwrócic uwagę na kluczowe daty, które mogą być zawarte w tym ogłoszeniu aby nie przekroczyć terminów w przypadku utrzymania polisy ubezpieczeniowej lub pomocy związanej z kosztami. Macie Państwo prawo do bezpłatnej informacji we własnym języku. Zadzwońcie pod 800-722-1471 (TTY: 800-842-5357).

    Português (Portuguese): Este aviso contém informações importantes. Este aviso poderá conter informações importantes a respeito de sua aplicação ou cobertura por meio do Premera Blue Cross. Poderão existir datas importantes neste aviso. Talvez seja necessário que você tome providências dentro de determinados prazos para manter sua cobertura de saúde ou ajuda de custos. Você tem o direito de obter e sta informação e ajuda em seu idioma e sem custos. Ligue para 800-722-1471 (TTY: 800-842-5357).

    Română (Romanian): Prezenta notificare conține informații importante. Această notificare poate conține informații importante privind cererea sau acoperirea asigurării dumneavoastre de sănătate prin Premera Blue Cross. Pot exista date cheie în această notificare. Este posibil să fie nevoie să acționați până la anumite termene limită pentru a vă menține acoperirea asigurării de sănătate sau asistența privitoare la costuri. Aveți dreptul de a obține gratuit aceste informații și ajutor în limba dumneavoastră. Sunați la 800-722-1471 (TTY: 800-842-5357).

    Pусский (Russian): Настоящее уведомление содержит важную информацию. Это уведомление может содержать важную информацию о вашем заявлении или страховом покрытии через Premera Blue Cross. В настоящем уведомлении могут быть указаны ключевые даты. Вам, возможно, потребуется принять меры к определенным предельным срокам для сохранения страхового покрытия или помощи с расходами. Вы имеете право на бесплатное получение этой информации и помощь на вашем языке. Звоните по телефону 800-722-1471 (TTY: 800-842-5357).

    Fa’asamoa (Samoan): Atonu ua iai i lenei fa’asilasilaga ni fa’amatalaga e sili ona taua e tatau ona e malamalama i ai. O lenei fa’asilasilaga o se fesoasoani e fa’amatala atili i ai i le tulaga o le polokalame, Premera Blue Cross, ua e tau fia maua atu i ai. Fa’amolemole, ia e iloilo fa’alelei i aso fa’apitoa olo’o iai i lenei fa’asilasilaga taua. Masalo o le’a iai ni feau e tatau ona e faia ao le’i aulia le aso ua ta’ua i lenei fa’asilasilaga ina ia e iai pea ma maua fesoasoani mai ai i le polokalame a le Malo olo’o e iai i ai. Olo’o iai iate oe le aia tatau e maua atu i lenei fa’asilasilaga ma lenei fa’matalaga i legagana e te malamalama i ai aunoa ma se togiga tupe. Vili atu i le telefoni 800-722-1471 (TTY: 800-842-5357).

    Español ( ): Este Aviso contiene información importante. Es posible que este aviso contenga información importante acerca de su solicitud o cobertura a través de Premera Blue Cross. Es posible que haya fechas clave en este

    tiene derecho a recibir esta información y ayuda en su idioma sin costo

    aviso. Es posible que deba tomar alguna medida antes de determinadas fechas para mantener su cobertura médica o ayuda con los costos. Usted

    alguno. Llame al 800-722-1471 (TTY: 800-842-5357).

    Spanish

    Tagalog (Tagalog): Ang Paunawa na ito ay naglalaman ng mahalagang impormasyon. Ang paunawa na ito ay maaaring naglalaman ng mahalagang impormasyon tungkol sa iyong aplikasyon o pagsakop sa pamamagitan ng Premera Blue Cross. Maaaring may mga mahalagang petsa dito sa paunawa. Maaring mangailangan ka na magsagawa ng hakbang sa ilang mga itinakdang panahon upang mapanatili ang iyong pagsakop sa kalusugan o tulong na walang gastos. May karapatan ka na makakuha ng ganitong impormasyon at tulong sa iyong wika ng walang gastos. Tumawag sa 800-722-1471 (TTY: 800-842-5357).

    ไทย (Thai): ประกาศนมขอมลสาคญ ประกาศนอาจมขอมลทสาคญเกยวกบการการสมครหรอขอบเขตประกน สขภาพของคณผาน Premera Blue Cross และอาจมกาหนดการในประกาศน คณอาจจะตอง ดาเนนการภายในกาหนดระยะเวลาทแนนอนเพอจะรกษาการประกนสขภาพของคณหรอการชวยเหลอท มคาใชจาย คณมสทธทจะไดรบขอมลและความชวยเหลอนในภาษาของคณโดยไม่มคาใชจาย โทร 800-722-1471 (TTY: 800-842-5357)

    ้ี ี ้ ู ํ ั ้ี ี ้ ู ่ี ํ ั ่ี ั ั ื ัุ ุ ่ ี ํ ี ุ ้ํ ิ ํ ่ี ่ ่ื ั ั ุ ุ ื ่ ื ่ีี ่ ้ ่ ุ ี ิ ิ ่ี ้ ั ้ ู ่ ื ้ี ุ ี ่ ้ ่

    Український (Ukrainian): Це повідомлення містить важливу інформацію. Це повідомлення може містити важливу інформацію про Ваше звернення щодо страхувального покриття через Premera Blue Cross. Зверніть увагу на ключові дати, які можуть бути вказані у цьому повідомленні. Існує імовірність того, що Вам треба буде здійснити певні кроки у конкретні кінцеві строки для того, щоб зберегти Ваше медичне страхування або отримати фінансову допомогу. У Вас є право на отримання цієї інформації та допомоги безкоштовно на Вашій рідній мові. Дзвоніть за номером телефону 800-722-1471 (TTY: 800-842-5357).

    Tiếng Việt (Vietnamese): Thông báo này cung cấp thông tin quan trọng. Thông báo này có thông tin quan trọng về đơn xin tham gia hoặc hợp đồng bảo hiểm của quý vị qua chương trình Premera Blue Cross. Xin xem ngày quan trọng trong thông báo này. Quý vị có thể phải thực hiện theo thông báo đúng trong thời hạn để duy trì bảo hiểm sức khỏe hoặc được trợ giúp thêm về chi phí. Quý vị có quyền được biết thông tin này và được trợ giúp bằng ngôn ngữ của mình miễn phí. Xin gọi số 800-722-1471 (TTY: 800-842-5357).


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