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10.4 Evidence of Evolution
SPONGE
Look back in your notes from Thursday. Please write a paragraph describing what Darwin learned from the animals that he observed on his voyage. (Think adaptations and variations)
What are adaptations?
Is a physical difference in ONE individual in a group an adaptation or a variation?
10.4 Evidence of Evolution
OBJECTIVE
Today we will create a double bubble map comparing and contrasting the homologous structures of a bird vs. a whale.
10.4 Evidence of EvolutionSet up Cornell Notes on pg. 19
•Topic: 10.4 Theory of Evidence of Evolution
•Essential Question:
1.How can a bat’s wing be considered a homologous structure AND an analogous structure?
2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules10.4 Evidence of Evolution
1. How can a bat’s wing be considered a homologous structure AND an analogous structure?
10.4 Evidence of Evolution
Understanding that structural patterns are clues to the history of a species is important because some of Darwin’s best evidence for evolution came from comparing the body parts of different species.
Why is this important?
10.4 Evidence of Evolution
STANDARDS
8.d- Students know reproductive or
geographic isolation affects speciation
7.3c- Students know how independent lines of evidence from geology, fossils, and comparative anatomy provide the bases for the theory of evolution
10.4 Evidence of Evolution
KEY CONCEPT Evidence of common ancestry among species comes from many sources.
10.4 Evidence of Evolution
1. Fossils- are the preserved remains of animals, plants, and other organisms from the past.
Evidence of Evolution:
10.4 Evidence of Evolution
• Fossils in older layers are more primitive (simple) than those in the upper layers
• Evidence for change over time• The fossil record supports
Darwin’s concept of Decent with modification
10.4 Evidence of Evolution
• Specific conditions are needed for fossilization.• Only a tiny percentage of living things became fossils.
10.4 Evidence of Evolution
• Relative dating estimates the time during which an organism lived.– It compares the placement
of fossils in layers of rock.– Scientists infer the order in
which species existed.
10.4 Evidence of Evolution
Fossil evidence of evolution of Hominid Skull
The term "hominid" may refer to "humans and relatives of humans closer than chimpanzees".[2] In this usage, all hominid species other than Homo sapiens are extinct
10.4 Evidence of Evolution
• 2. Geography:
– Darwin saw that island finches looked like, but were not identical to, species on the S. American Continent
– Different ecosystems, favored different traits
10.4 Evidence of Evolution
10.4 Evidence of Evolution
• 3. Embryology (study of embryos):
– The similar features of embryos in very different organisms suggests evolution from a distant common ancestor
e
Anatomy of an embryo
10.4 Evidence of Evolution
Larva
Adult barnacleAdult crab
– identical larvae, but different adult body forms– similar embryos, but look and behave very differently
Darwin studied the embryos of crabs and barnacles:
10.4 Evidence of Evolution
Look for the similarities of the embryos
10.4 Evidence of Evolution
10.4 Evidence of Evolution
• 4. Anatomy:
– Homologous structures are similar in structure but different in function
• Some of Darwin’s best evidence came from comparing body parts of different species
10.4 Evidence of Evolution
–The similarities in anatomy in different species offers strong evidence for a common ancestry
–It would be unlikely for many species to have such similar anatomy if each species evolved separately.
10.4 Evidence of Evolution
10.4 Evidence of Evolution
10.4 Evidence of Evolution
1. Identify each animals’ anatomical structure (by coloring like bones the same color)2. Identify each animals anatomical function
Homologous Structures:
10.4 Evidence of Evolution
All have a similar structure (the bones are similar), but their functions are different. (Some for walking, some for flying, some for swimming)
Homologous Structures:
10.4 Evidence of Evolution
Studying, anatomy gives us clues to the history of a species
• Vestigial Structures: Are remnants of organs or structures that had a function in an early ancestor
10.4 Evidence of Evolution
10.4 Evidence of Evolution
Points to Ponder
• Compare these wings.• They are both used to _______• Are the structures the same?
10.4 Evidence of Evolution
Points to Ponder
• Suppose two organisms have similar needs caused by the environment, for example two different organisms needing to fly…– Both can develop similar adaptations using
different body parts (analogous structures)
10.4 Evidence of Evolution
– Analogous structures are NOT evidence of a common ancestor!!!!!!
– Analogous structures have a similar function, but are NOT similar in origin
10.4 Evidence of Evolution
**Identify each animals’ anatomical structure vs. function
10.4 Evidence of Evolution
All function the same way (they are all used for flying), but their structures are different
**Identify each animals’ anatomical structure vs. function
Chitin
Bone and feathers
Bone and SkinChitin
10.4 Evidence of Evolution
SPONGE
Please open your study guides to page 105 and complete it.
For those of you who forgot it….
Give examples of each
Evidence for evolution in Darwin’s time came from
several sources
Fossils: Geography:
Embryology: Anatomy: