10430 June - gpo.gov CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. June_ .(J ·_ EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS The Inspiration...

$Page 1: 10430 June - gpo.gov CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. June_ .(J ·_ EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS The Inspiration of Memorial Day EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. ROBERT C. BYRD OF WEST VYRGINL\$
10430 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. June_ .(J ·_

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

The Inspiration of Memorial Day

EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF

HON. ROBERT C. BYRD OF WEST VYRGINL\

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

Thursday, June 6, 1963 Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr.

President, on Thursday last I had the ' privilege of giving the Memorial Day address at Victor, W. Va.

I ask unanimous consent that my remarks be printed in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD.

There being no objection, the address was ordered to be printed in the CoNGRESSIONAL RECORD, as follOWS:

THE INSPmATION OF MEMORIAL DAY

(An address by Senator RoBERT C. BYRD of West Virginia)

"There is a remembrance of the dead, to which we turn even for the charms of the living. This we would not exchange for the song of pleasure, or the burst of revelry."

These words of the American poet, Wash- . ington Irving, properly refiect the attitude of our entire Nation on Memorial Day, a day on which we honor our war dead. In thestillness of the spring morning we deliberately turn our thoughts back to our fallen heroes. We relive the anguish of their passing from us, and we know once more the pride of kinship with great men and women.

For all those we honor today were great, in spirit as well as in deed, and we draw close to them once again in order to remind ourselves of the greatness of spirit of our Nation. This is our Memorial Day, a tradition nearly a hundred years old in these United States.

To look back for the origin of Memorial Day is like seeking the source of a mighty river, fed by countless tributaries and rivulets. Many are the States and many are the towns which claim the honor of establishing the custoil). we are observing today. Of course, the practice of honoring the war dead annually has been carried out, in one form or another, throughout history. But our own custom is unique in that it had its inception in the aftermath of a bloody civil war that all but tore our Nation asunder.

Memorial Day had its beginning in anumber of southern towns where groups of women took it upon themselves to keep green the memory of their fallen loved ones by putting fiowers on the Confederate soldiers' graves, once the cannons of war were stilled. The women of Columbus, Miss., displayed a generosity of heart by decorating the Union dead as well. This act is said to have inspired the New York State lawyer, Francis Miles Finch, to write his famous poem, "The Blue and the Gray."

Published in the Atlantic Monthly in September 1867, the poem was an immediate popular success, and the sentiment it stirred up across the Nation moved Gen. John A. Logan, first commander in chief of the Grand Army of the Republic, to issue a general order providing for nationwide observance of Decoration Day, as it was originally called, on May 30, 1868. This date was chosen, not as a significant anniversary, but in order that, all over the country, there might be fiowers in bloom that could be used in decorating the graves.

So, from this modest beginning, from this spontaneous _gathering in a humble churchyard, on the part of a few neighborhood

mothers and wives, began our Memorial Day. I wonder if those good folk could possibly have imagined how many times in the future their sons and their sons' sons would hear the roar of cannon again, and know the anguish of battle, the hot grip of pain, the cold hand of death.

Could they foresee San Juan Hill, or Manila Bay? Could they envision the savage battles on the Marne, the shell-rocked f.orests of Argonne? Could they comprehend Pearl Harbor, Guadalcanal, Iwo · Jima, Okinawa? Did they, in their imagination, strew fiowers on the frosty hillsides of Pusan and Inchon?

Or did they, like most people, imagine that their war would be the last great war, that they and their loved ones had earned peace on earth for all time, for all humanity?

Sadly enough, that is a dream that is still unrealized. For us the cannons have roared loud and often in our lifetim·e, and they are roaring still, in the jungles of Vietnam today. For us there is yet no peace, nor can there be peace, ·while the crtuse of freedom is still unwon.

Let not man say, because the war goes on, that these our heroes of the past died in vain, that theirs was a lost cause. For every fiag that marks a soldier's grave is a signpost in the path that leads to human libert;y. Let us not grieve that the final peace has not yet been won; let us rejoice, rather, for the opportunity that is ours to bring it about.

Our men in uniform stand at the ready at a hundred outposts halfway around the world; for them there is no peace. In the frozen wastes of the Arctic, in the depths of the sea, in the eerie loneliness of outer space, in foreign lands and in unfriendly climes, our men in uniform are never out of earshot of that final bugle call that may bring them to sacrifice.

However much we grieve for them, and regret the sacrifices they may be called upon to make in defense of their country and its cause, let us be of good cheer.

Happiness is not in length of years, nor in ease of days, but is best found in the service of one's fellowmen. In such service, these men and women we honor here today found their fulfillment.

Philosophers of all time tell us that the greatness of a man is measured, not by his wealth or lands or servants, but by the esteem of his countrymen. Surely we agree. A man who has given nothing of his life to his country, to his city or community, has not lived at all, in the meaningful sense of the word. A man who has perished in the service of his nation, whether in battle with armed foes, or while fighting crime, disease, poverty, ignorance, or any other social enemy, is to be admired and envied, rather than pitied: for such a man has truly lived, and lived well. Those who shrink from the performance of public duty are mere onlookers of life, pale spectators whose character has never been forged in the heat of noble endeavor.

Few of us are perfectly noble human beings. We have our little weaknesses, our self indulgences, our moments of fear and doubt. The virtue that is in us may never come to light, except in such moments when our Nation or our national ideals are challenged and we are called upon to give our all for the cause we believe in.

It has been said that great crises make great men. I do not know whether this is true, but I do believe that when we are absorbed by a cause greater than our own personal ambitions, when the good of others becomes paramount to our own desires, then

pettiness and vanity are stripped away from our character and we live in the soul. Look at the honor roll of those who hold the Medal of Honor, our highest decoration. You will find that they were simple, ordinary men, undistinguished from their neighbors, until that momentous day when the crisis of battle caused them to soar to heroic heights of valor. .

It is by surmounting crises that we have become a great people, invigorated by the struggle and buoye~ by a common hope.

What is our common hope? There was . a time when this Nation fought a war in the hope that it would make the world safe for' democracy. I know there are some who might sneer at this sentiment, particularly in the light of subsequent events. But I hold that it is a noble thought, and one which animated the bravest hearts in our land: some of these we honor here today.

More recently we fought a war to preserve our freedom, to protect our land from invasion. Millions of brave hearts sprang to the defense of our Nation: and some of these we honor here today.

Still more recently we engaged in a war to protect freedom from being trampled underfoot thousands of miles from our shores, honoring our pledged word, our sacred bond. Some of the brave hearts who sleep today gave their lives in that struggle.

And some of us may ask, why? What have we to do with freedom in Asia, with the jungles of Vietnam, with the walled city of Berlin? The answer to that question is that, freedom being our common hope and desire, the loss of freedom anywhere in the world is our own, our personal loss. No man lives on an island in this day and age. For we have come to live in a shrinking world, where tyranny is no longer insulated by time and space. Fifty years ago, the Czar of Russia was nothing to us, for the crack of his whip and the whine of his bullets could not be heard across a continent and an ocean. But the modern czar of the Russians has his missiles of death trained on our shores, and his dogma of domination aimed at our banners. Every friendly nation that is swallowed up by the foe, every inch of land that it trampled under his iron heel diminishes our bastion of freedom; we have drawn the battle line and we must not retreat. At any momer.t we may be called upon once again to deferid ourselves, our land, our ideals, our beliefs and our heritage of freedom, with all of our strength and courage. On this hallowed soil, rememberingour dead, our glorious past, we pledge ourselves to the future.

In the frightening shadow of the atomic . bomb; under the threat of a rain of death by inconceivably fiendish devices of war; amidst the hail of propaganda that menaces us daily, we the living are animated by the general hope that human reason will prevail over unreason, that love of our fellow men will prevail over hatred and envy, that free hearts will win over enslaved and soulless men.

This is our hope, and our challenge. We take our example from the men and women whose graves we decorate today. These flowers we strew over them are a symbol of that eternal hope in the human breast: that men can, and will, triumph over adversity.

Our presence here is a pledge that their . efforts wm not be forgotten, that their courage and determination live on, that their virtues will blossom again in us, in our sons and daughters, and that we will never abandon the fight for peace on earth and freedom among nations.

On this Memorial Day of 1963 we find our country faced wit~ the seemingly impossible

1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 10431 task of defending freedom on a cold war battlefront that encircles the globe. U we stop to ask ourselves, How can we do it? Where shall we find the strength, the vigor to maintain our farflung and beleagured outposts?we have only to cast our eyes and our thoughts on those fallen heroes we honor with this ceremony. For our strength is not merely our own, but the collective and accumulated strength of every American soldier who lived and fought before us, and bequeathed us his unsullied standard.

U in time of peril each of us feels in his arms the strength of 10, that strength issues from the shadowy file of patriots who paraded into battle before us, 10, 20, 50-a hundred years ago and more. Time may dim the memory of their individual faces, but the glory of their deeds will ever brighten our lives and make resolute our purpose.

A thing of beauty, said the poet, is a Joy forever. But where in nature or in art will you find a thing of beauty to compare with the act of supreme courage and self-sacrifice that laid these, our honored dead, in the · dust at our feet? An act of duty is all they did, but who has ever done more?

Pope John XXIII: Man of the Century


HON. HUGH L. CAREY OF NEW YORK

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

Thursday, June 6, 1963

serves to demonstrate that in the sense of true world peace there will be the gospel or we will return to bloodshed." Today, those words bear repeating as war continues to threaten mankind with annihilation.

As we recall the beaches of Normandy, long emptied to those infantrymen who gave their lives for freedom, we look to the chair of Peter, now emptied of that great heart which beat with love for all mankind. The holy father was truly, the spiritual father of all humanity. As his children, as he is laid to rest, it remains for us to work in his image and with his spirit-"Ut Unum Sint"-so we may be remembered as men of this century.

Invasion of Normandy Beaches


HON. JOHN J. RHODES OF ARIZONA



Mr. RHODES of Arizona. Mr. Speaker, 19 years ago to the day Allied forces charged ashore on the beaches of Normandy to open the final, bloody act of World War II in Europe.

The decision to launch this massive asMr. CAREY. Mr. Speaker, the 6th of sault upon Adolph Hitler's "Festung

June is remembered in history as the day Europe" will go down in history as one of when thousands of Allied troops stormed the keys to victory in Europe. The dethe beaches of Normandy. Today, the eision, of course, was made by Gen. 6th of June 1963, is a sad occasion for Dwight D. Eisenhower, Supreme Comthe world; John XXIII, the Pope of mander of the Allied forces in Europe. peace, will be laid to rest in the Basilica It was not an easy decision. It inof St. Peter's. A day, remembered for volved one of history's great risks. For an act of war, is now marked by the in- if the invasion failed because of any one terment of a man of peace.

Guiseppe Angelo Roncalli was born of a number of factors-weather, tides, in the small village of Sotte 11 Monte supply difficulties--the war could have in the midst of what he characterized as been indefinitely extended. "serene poverty" and rose to become the The risks were enormous. Even if suc"fisher of men," in the full significance cess were guaranteed the loss of life and of that ancient phrase. equipment would be staggering. All of

on october 28, 1958, he appeared on these things were among those which the central balcony of st. Peter's Ba- had to be considered by General Eisensilica, the new pope, assuming the lead- hower before he could make his decision ership of the Roman catholic Church whether or not to move on occupied under the name of John. The throng France on June 6, 1944. in the huge square of st. Peter's saluted General Eisenhower faced his problem the new pontiff, unaware that this honestly and met it squarely, fully cognikindly man, called John the good, would zant of the fact of what failure might emerge as the "Man of the Century." mean to his Nation, his men, and to him-

From the beginning of his reign, Pope self· John made innovations which energized Mr. Speaker, I have often wondered the church in its mission of salvation. how the war in Europe would have With the gentility of a benevolent prince turned out if the decision to invade on and the loving heart of a kindly peasant, June 6 had been left to the men who the Pope looked to other religious lead- today comprise the advisers of the Presiers of the world and extended a brotherly dent of the United States. Would the arm "Ut Unum Sint." same decisiveness displayed by General

Pope John's greatness became appar- Eisenhower have obtained? Would the ent through three events-the calling of invasion have taken place at all? the Ecumenical Council and the Ency- Mr. Speaker, I have given this matter clicals "Mater et Magistra'' and "Pacem much thought. By applying the reasonin Terris." The spirit of brotherhood -- ing that seems current today in the depermeated his encyclicals, stressing the velopment of our strategy in the cold war social nature of man and his dignity as I believe I have found the answers to an individual to be loved and saved re- these questions. gardless of station. First of all, had the Rostows and the

On another June 6th, in 1940, Pope Bundy's and the Schlesingers been reJohn warned the world, "Everything sponsible for the prosecution of the war

in June 1944, the American people would undoubtedly have been told that the German occupation of France offered no threats to the security of the free world. It would have been pointed out that the German forces in occupied France were mainly technicians; that they were being gradually withdrawn-although not in numbers adequate to satisfy our "hopes"; and that they were armed only with "defensive weapons." We would hear that after all, the enemy was still over 30 miles away.

Moreover, Mr. Speaker, our State Department omcials would be speaking knowledgeably of the great victories the free world could anticipate as the result of the split or rift between Nazi Germany and Italy. This rift, we would have been told, offered our best longrange hope for victory, or rather, for reaching a lasting accommodation with the Axis Powers.

Another line which would be fed to us on the homefront would have been that an invasion of occupied France would only have served to exacerbate the tensions between the United States and the Nazis and could conceivably lead to an escalation into some horrible all-out war. We would have been told that every effort would be made to reach an accommodation through negotiation and that the administration would wait and see what happened, all the while hoping for the best. Finally, it would have been said that Hitler, having achieved so much of what he sought, was now mellowing.

Since all of this kind of talk coming from the officials of the United States would have caused grave doubts about the sincerity of our desire to win the war in Europe among our allies we could have expected General de Gaulle and his Free French forces to have taken matters into their own hands and to have launched surprise exile raids against the coast of occupied France. And I believe that it would not be too much of a stretch of imagination to speculate that the United States would then have imposed a quarantine against such exile raids.

As a result of all of this our allies would have been so disturbed that the alliance would have fallen into a state of disarray. This in turn would have caused us to seek to heal this disarray by offering our allies sort of a limited partnership in a joint military force which, of course, would have remained under our exclusive control lest some rightwing extremist like Winston Churchill among our allies take it into their heads to invade Europe.

At home, a campaign against those extremists who would have the United State invade Europe would have been launched and the administration would have branded the thinking which led to such opinions as unsophisticated.

Of course, Mr. Speaker, June 6 would have come and gone. As a matter of fact, I think it would be fair to say that World War II would still be going on today, except that the argUinent over the invasion of France would have by now become the argument over whether or not we should do anything to evict the Nazis from New York since it was a

10432 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE June 6 well-known fact that they were arn:ied only with defensive weapons.

When I awake from this sort of nightmarish speculation, Mr. Speaker, I fervently thank God that it was Dwight D. Eisenhower who commanded our forces in June 1944 and not the faculty that today directs our destinies. And I whisper to myself in the most impassioned manner, "Oh, how I miss Ike."

addition to sending a copy to the President ·ot the United States, so that he will have the benefit of knowing the views of the residents of this great congressional district, I am placing the following tabulation in the RECORD for the interest of the ¥embers of Congress:

stimulates discussion· and thought, and points up areas where a lack of information possibly exists, and, equally important, encourages comments and individual communications from residents of the district.

RESULTS OF 1963 NATIONAL ISSUES POLL To Residents of the 13th Congressional Dis

trict of IZZinois: It is a pleasure to send you the results of

the 1963 National Issues Poll. Your cooperation and that of the over 19,000 residents of the 13th Congressional District who gave the time and thought necessary to complete the questionnaire is deeply appreciated. I regret that it i1as not been possible to acknowledge each questionnaire and the many accompanying comments individually so that you might have my personal word of thanks.

I feel strongly ·t hat a questionnaire of this type must be objective to accomplish its several purposes. Because of this conviction, I took great care in phrasing the questions in the hope of eliminating any tendency to slant or lead responses. From your comments, it would seem that I was, for the most part, successful. ·

Results of 1963 National Issues Poll


HON. DONALD RUMSFELD OF ILLINOIS



Mr. RUMSFELD. Mr. Speaker, last month, I mailed my 1963 National Issues Poll to many of the residents of the 13th Congressional District of illinois. The results have now been tabulated. In

To have effective representative government, I believe that those who are represented must be interested, informed, and vocal. Through the years this has been the trademark of the 13th district. Toward this end, a questionnaire is well worth the time, effort, and money, if it is informative,

The response to this questionnaire has indicated to me '&hat ii;; has accomplished its purpose. While the responsibility for my vote, in the final analysis must and should remain my own, I hope and trust that you wm continue to write as the Congress proceeds through this session and that you will call upon me if I can be of assistance in my capacity as the link between you and your Federal Government in Washington, D.C. By so doing, you will assist me in providing the kind of representation that the 13th district wants and merits.

With my best regards. Sincerely,

DoNALD RuMsFELD, Member of Congress.

·'

Yes

Percent

No No opinion

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1-------------------1. The President has submitted a $99 000,:>00 :JOO budget for fiscal year 1964 providing for a planned deficit of $11,900,000,000. Should Congress

(a) Approve the budget as submitted, accepting the deficit?---------------------------------------------------------------------------

~~? ~~~!~ ~d~~~~!f~~-~~~~~::~:~:~~?_-::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 2. If the Federal budget is cut, it should be done in the area of-

~~ ~~~~~~· ~~~:~~~~-s-~~~-:~~~~~t-~~~-_::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: (c) Agriculture 1 ____________________ ---- ______ --_ ---------- __ -- ____ ________ ----- _____ -- ___ _____________________ ----- __ ------_________ _ (d) All new domestic spending proposalE such as mass transportation. medicare, Domestic Peace Corps, mental health, etc.'? __________ _

3. Should Congre& enact a tax cut this year-

{~} g~~:v:t!el~l~~fJi~~:e~~;~:~:~~~:~:a;;;:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 4. With respect to talC reform, do you favor limiting deductions-

(a) For the total of such items as State and local taxes, mortgage interest, and charitable contributions to the portion over 5 percent of adjusted gross income? ___ ----------------------------_----- ____ -----------------------------------------------------------------

(b) To only that portion of medical and drug expenses over 4 percent of adjusted gross income?---------------------------------------(c) For medical expenses for persons over 65 and eliminating the 1 percent of adjusted gross income limitation for drug expense deduc-tions? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _

5, Should the Federal Government continue present agricultural programs (1964 cost $6,400,000,000 against 1963 cost of$5,500,000,000)? --------6. With respect to Federal aid to education, do you favor-

(a) Scholarships for higher P.ducation? --------------------- ______ ---------------------------------------------------- _______ -----------(b) Aid for construction of public primary and secondary schools?---------------------------------------------------~----------------(c) Aid for construction of private primary and secondary schools?-------------------------------------------------------------------(d) Aid for construction of college academic facilities?----------------------------------------------------------------------------------(e) Income tax deductions for higher education expenses? ___ --------------------------------------------------------------------------

7. Should the Federal Government provide some type of medical expense aid to persons over li5? If "yes," should it be accomplished by(a) Expanding Kerr-Mills programs (based on need, administered by States with Federal-State funds-operative in Illinois and 28

States)? ___________ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(b) Enacting King-Anderson bill (financed by increased social-security taxes on employers and employees, given regardless of need)? __ (c) Enacting Bow bill (permits tax reduction up to $150 per year for costs of purchasing private health insurance)?--------------------

8. Should the Civil Rights Commission be made permanent?·-------------------------------------------------------------------------------9. With respect to labor legislation, do you favor-

(a) Applying the principle of the antitrust laws to labor unionsL--------------------------------------------------------------------(b) A 35-hour week with time and a half for overtime?--------------------------------------------------------------------------------(c) Requiring secret ballot of members before union calls a strike?---------------------------------------------------------------------

10. With respect to commuter transportation, should-(a) The Federal Government provide tax concessions and bond guarantees for urban transit carriers (Lausche bill)?------------------(b) The Federal Government establish a program ($500,000,000 in grants) to improve urban mass transportation facilities? ___________ _ (c) State and local governments and private enterprise develop and improve urban transportation without Federal aid? _____________ _

11. Should foreign aid programs for developing nations be-(a) Approved as requested by the President (cost $4,500,000,000)? _ --------------------------------------------------------------------(b) Continued but reduced substantially? ______ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --(c) Discontinued completely? ___________________ ------ ______ -------------_-------------------------------------------- ____________ ----

12. Do you favor U.S. diplomatic recognition of Communist China?--------------------------------------------------------------------------13. With respect to Cuba, do you favor-

(a) Leaving Cuba communistic if it poses no military threat to the United States?---------------------------------------------------(b) Requesting multilateral economic restrictions on Cuba?-------------------------------------------------------------------------(c) Denying foreign aid to those nations trading with Cuba? __ ------------------------------------------------------------------------(d) A complete military blockade of Cuba?------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -(e) Mill tary action against Cuba? _________________ ~ ____________ ----------------------------------------------------------------------

14. Do you support the use of force by the U.N .in world trouble spots?-----------------------------------------------------------------------15. With respect to the threat ofnurlear war, should the United States-

(a) 'l'ake steps unilaterally to discontinue nuclear testing?-----------------------------------------------------------------------------. (b) Continue to work toward a test ban treaty with Russia?-------------------------------------------------------------------------- r (c) Pre>ent the spread of nuclear weapons to additional nations?------------------------------------------------------------------.----

6.8 84.2 42.8 49.5 58.9 31.6

28.5 41.4 81.0 8.2 72.4. 9.4 66.6 18.3 .

12. 6 76.5 33.6 55.2 52.8 37.1

12.9 67.8 19.7 52.1

23.9 49.0 7.2 83.3

50.5 37.7 31.2 54.8 11.0 73.2 30.7 53.2 73.5 18.3 48.7 25.3

35.9 28.8 14.4 53.4 42.0 21.5 34.0 27.3

85.6 5. 2 9.4 74.7

88.6 3.1

26.0 49.7 14.0 64.0 71.9 11.7

10.4 80.7 68.8 22.5 16.9 71.2 17.7 73.2

19.4 59.1 74. 8 7.0 73.5 11.0 43.2 30.0

.24. 0 47.5 64.8 20.3

21.0 57.7 77.2 12.8 67.3 10.8

16. PleaEe rank by number these problems by order of importance to the United States:

(1) Maintaining strong milltary ;nuclear d::terrents.

(2) Balancing the budget. (3) Communist subversion

America. in La. tin

( 5) Stopping nuclear arms race. (6) Education.

( 4) · Unemployment. (7) Civil rights enforcement. (8) Other-Population explosion.

9.0 7. 7 9.5

30.1 10.8 17.2 15.1

10. 9 11.2 10.1

19.3 28.2

27.1 9.5

11.8 14.0 15.8 16.1 8.2

26.0

35.3 32.2 36.5 38.7

9.2 15.9 8.3

24.3 22.0 16.4

8.9 8. 7

11.9 9.1

21.5 18.2 15.5 26.8 28.5 14.9

21.3 10.0 21.9

1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 10433 Pope John XXIII

EXTENSION OF REMARKS

HON. WILLIAM J. GREEN, JR. OF PENNSYLVANIA


Thursday, June 6,1963

Mr. GREEN of Pennsylvania, Mr. Speaker, soon after the sun had set over St. Peter's Square while many thousands watched and the rest of the world waited, the word came that the beloved pontiff, Pope John XXIII had passed to his eternal reward. Many of those assembled-as did others in other parts of the world-unashamedly wept. Now the entire world kneels in abject sorrow to mark the passing of "the Pope of Peace and Good Will," and history will forever record his noble and untiring efforts to create world peace and good will among all men, regardless of race, creed, or color.

Born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, in humble surroundings and of peasant parents who tilled the soil to eke out a bare living in the little known hamlet of Sotto il Monte, he too labored in the fields before he received the call to serve his Church. Despite all the splender of the Papacy in Rome, he will always be remembered for his deep and sincere humility that touched all who were fortunate enough to be in his presence. He was a pastoral Pope-warm, humble, extremely contemporary and always optimistic with a bright outlook for the future. The 260th successor to St. Peter as the spiritual leader of a universal Church exceeding 550 million faithful, this great Vicar of Christ on Earth, was heard to exclaim on the first anniversary of his coronation, "One who is Pope at 78 years does not have a great future." Even then, his great impact on the world was beginning to take shape.

Pope John XXIII was the greatest moral force in modern history. He not only vitalized the Catholic Church, but created a tremendous measure of good will among non-Catholics throughout the world. His convening of the Ecumenical Council last fall in Rome had for one of its principal purposes the beginning of closer relations with the Protestant world. It was the most significant move in that direction taken for several centuries. Time and the continuation of the work of the Ecumenical Council will determine the strength of the foundation that was laid by the late beloved pontiff.

The diploma tic skill Pope John XXill exhibited during his short reign of 5 years was not an accomplishment acquired in his latest years. Subsequent to his effective work with the Orthodox Church in the Balkans, he was to show skillful and masterful diplomatic and political acumen in those days when Paris was rising from the ashes of humiliation to a new liberation. His brilliant and bold encyclical "Pacem in Terris," or "Peace on Earth," was a historical document that had a forceful impact on the civilized world and en-

deared this Pope to peoples of all faiths. In this encyclical, Pope John XXIII reappraised the Communist world as a period of troubled transition-a movement in history based upon a false philosophy-that eventually will be subject to profound changes. This message addressed not only to Catholics but to men of good will all over the world gave renewed faith to the oppressed. This, together with his encyclical, "Mater et Magistra," or "Mother and Teacher," which was directed to the more prosperous to help the undeveloped, to share the abundant with those in poverty, hunger, misery, and despair. It was a forthright and historical document that enunciated an ancient philosophy of Jesus Christ that we are all our brothers' keepers, and one that focused attention on the vital social problems of the present day.

The deceased pontiff not only preached the brotherhood of man. He also practiced it throughout his life. Likened to Pope Leo XIII, his predecessor by almost a century who immediately upon his election as pontiff started working for the liberation of German Catholics who were suffering under Bismarck's repressive legislation, Pope John XXIII made history in his efforts to keep alive the spirit of human courage among the oppressed people of the world. As Angelo Cardinal Roncalli, he materially aided in the rescue and survival of thousands of Jews from the mad and sadistic oppression of Hitler and his Fascist cohorts during the World War II period. For these efforts, he earned the undying gratitude of the Jewish people in Israel and the rest of the world.

One of his crowning glories in the practice of brotherhood came when he named the Catholic Church's first African, Japanese, and Philippine cardinals as princes of the church. With the issuance of his two famous encyclicals and his unprecedented move to establish relations between the Catholic Church and the religion removed from the church, Pope John XXIII has left an indelible impression upon all the world-one that surpasses the achievements of any other modern pontiff.

Pope John XXIII


HON. NEIL STAEBLER OF MICHIGAN



Mr. STAEBLER. Mr. Speaker, Pope John XXIII was a leader of his church and of all mankind. Few people in modern times have contributed more deeply to world understanding and to a recognition of the significance of the common humanity which we share.

Regardless of religion, nation, or philosophic outlook, we pay tribute to him and his great and kindly works.

Remarks of the Honorable Douglas Dillon, Secretary of the Treasury, in Presenting Lifesaving Awards During Ceremonies at the U.S. Coast Guard Receiving Center, Cape May, N.J., May 16, 1963


HON. MILTON W. GLENN OF NEW JERSEY



Mr. GLENN. Mr. Speaker, I recently had an opportunity to visit the Cape May Coast Guard Receiving Station at Cape May, N.J., which is in my Second Congressional District, along with the Honorable Douglas Dillon, Secretary of the Treasury, Admiral Roland, the Commandant of the U.S. Coast Guard, and Hon. James A. Reed, Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, for the purpose of awarding lifesaving medals to three coastguardsmen for a heroic rescue in the course of their duty.

After witnessing a very fine review of the graduating class, Secretary Dillon made a commendable address in connection with the awarding of the medals, and it is my privilege to insert his address, which points out the value of the U.S. Coast Guard Training Station, and acknowledges the great debt of gratitude which citizens of our Nation have to the U.S. Coast Guard for the performance of its duty during peace and war.

Secretary Dillon's remarks follow: REMARKS OF THE HONORABLE DOUGLAS DILLON,

SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY, IN PRESENTING LIFESAVING AWARDS DURING CEREMONIES

AT THE U.S. COAST GUARD RECEIVING CENTER, CAPE MAY, N.J., MAY 16, 1963 Admiral Roland, Commander Waters, dis

tinguished guests, and members of the Coast Guard recruit training class, I have been looking forward to this visit ever since I assumed office as Secretary of the Treasury more than 2 years ago. From this center comes a steady stream of highly trained men who have made the name U.S. Coast Guard known and respected the world over. It is fitting, therefore, that Cape May should be the setting for today's ceremony, in which we are proud to honor three very brave men who displayed the greatest valor in risking their lives to save others. For in recognizing their heroism, we also p n.y tribute to other brave men who received their training here.

One of the men we honor today, John C. Webb, boatswain's mate, first class, has distinguished himself in the past. Twice previously, in 1961, he was awarded the Coast Guard Commendation Medal for heroic action in the performance of duty. Today, he receives this third award, the Gold Lifesaving Medal, for outstanding heroism in making a most perilous rescue.

His companions, Anthony Duane Lloyd, engineman, third class, and Ray Dwayne Duerre, seaman, are to receive Silver Lifesaving Medals for their heroic parts in the same rescue. All three have brought great credit, not only to themselves and their families, but also to the historic service they so ably represent. They provide you graduates of the training class who are about to

10434 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE June 6 take your places in the Coast Guard with an inspiring example.

Today'a ceremony 1s unusual. The Lifesaving Medal is rarely awarded to coastguardsmen, since exposure to great personal risk is considered part of a coast guardsman's assignment. The men who brave angry seas and screaming gales to aid distressed ships and persons expect no special recognition. They are dedicated men who think of themselves as professionals. Only action of the greatest personal daring, involving disregard for personal safety, justifies the award of the Lifesaving Medal to coast guardsmen. These conditions were amply met by the men we honor today.

I shall not attempt to go into the details of the rescue in which these men participated. The citations accompanying the medals will speak for themselves.

While this day has been set aside to honor three brave men, its significance goes far beyond that. In a very real sense, we are paying tribute to this small, but great service of some 30,000 officers and enlisted men in which they were trained to respond so magnificently to the challenge of danger. Courage and humanity lie at the very heart of the Coast Guard's mission. It has been that way from the very beginning, when the first small cutters sailed bravely off to fight Napoleon's numerically superior navy.

In risking their lives to save others, these men exemplify that humanitarian concern for life which motivates the Coast Guard. More than any other service, the Coast Guard gives active meaning to the high ideal of self sacrifice which is at the core of our religious beliefs. In times so given to developing means of mass destruction, the Coast Guard provides an inspiring example to all mankind as it goes about its task of preserving life.

Gentlemen, I congratulate each of you, your families and your otficers on this happy occasion. I congratulate also the graduates of this recruit training company. The good wishes of all Americans go with you. May you all have long and fruitful careers in the service of your country.

Armenian Independence Day


HON. SAMUEL S. STRATTON OF NEW YORK



Mr. STRATTON. Mr. Speaker, May 28, 1963, was the 45th anniversary of Armenian Independence Day. I rise to pay tribute to the heroic deeds of the Armenian people in becoming the first democratic nation in Asia Minor to be allied to the West, and I salute their bravery during World War I.

We are indeed indebted for their efforts in World War I, and for their substantial contribution to Allied victory.

Although an independent nation for only 2 years, the Armenian people were nevertheless able to create an effective government out of chaos. The Armenian nation was recognized by a number of countries and sent a delegation to participate in the Paris Peace Conference.

The history of the Armenian people since ancient times has been filled with amazing courage in their attempts to preserve their rights and freedom. Even in the face of Sovtet conquest in 1920,

the Armenian people fought valiantly to retain their independence.

In this year's celebration of Armenian Independence ·Day, we want Armenians : in this country and all over the world to know our heartfelt gratitude for their past heroic deeds and our hope that. someday they too will once again be a free democratic nation, and will be delivered from under the heel of the Com- . munist conqueror.

Building a Stairway to the Stars


HON. ROBERT C. BYRD OF WEST VIRGINIA



Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr. President, on June 1 I had the pleasure of speaking before the Alumni of Concord College, at Athens, W. Va. In commenting on the i-mportant role the schoolteacher has come to play in our society, I pointed out that the success of our adventures in outer space depends on broadening our educational base.

Mr. President, I believe that in honoring the achievements of our astronauts, such as Major Cooper, we should reserve some additional praise for the colleges and teachers of our Nation who provide the basic academic training that makes our space flights possible.

I ask unanimous consent that my remarks be printed in the RECORD.

There being no objection, the address was ordered to be printed m the REcoRD, as follows:

BUD..DING A STAIRWAY TO THE STARS (An Address by Senator ROBERT C. BYRD, Of

West Virginia) It was the American poet-philosopher,

Ralph Waldo Emerson, who said, ••The true test of civilization is, not the census, nor the size of cities, nor the crops, but the kind of man that the country turns out."

If Emerson had lived in our day, perhaps he would have been moved to say, instead, the "kind of man that our colleges turn out." For our Nation is coming to depend more and more on the college graduate, not merely for leadership in our society, but also as a responsive citizen intelligently aware of the world we are living in and its myriad complicated problems.

There was a time when you young graduates here today would have been part of a small minority of college educated persons in our country. That is no longer true. The ranks of college graduates now number in the millions. This spring some 441,000 more will receive their sheepskins. By 1970 it is expected that some 7 million students will be attending college.

What these figures mean to you, to all of us? They mean that a college degree, by itself, is no longer a mark of special distinction. What counts now is what you have done with your 4 years of college, and what these 4 years have done for you, what kind of man or woman you have become, now that your long years of learning have come to an end-or at least to a pause.

The human being begins to learn something the moment he is born. His parents and his family are his first teachers, his nursery is his first classroom. But very

soon these give way to the formal schoolroom, to the professional teacher. For 12 years he labors to master the basic knowledge of his society. In these 12 years he learns what it has taken the human race centuries upon centuries to learn.

Consider the enormous and confusing welter of facts that has accumulated in this time. Consider the task of a student trying to piece this information together for himself, without the aid of a teacher. A dozen lifetimes would not be sufficient for the task. That gives us some idea of the importance of the teacher and the college in our society. The more advanced and complicated our society becomes, the more important will be the role of the teacher in giving shape to the curricula of our colleges. We can see how truly creative the role of the teacher can be. Those who shape history are equally as important as those who make it.

In addition to the 12 years of basic learning, our educational system offers an additional 4 or more years to those students who are capable of going on. The college student has the opportunity to do more than absorb the knowledge of the past; he can equip himself to add to the store of human understanding; he can participate in the advancement of human society.

Ever since human beings found themselves on this earth, they have been faced with the necessity of learning or expiring. Animals adapt by growing heavy fur, long necks, sharp teeth, etc. It is a limited kind of ada pta- · tion. Human beings, on the other hand, adapt by extending, not our necks, but our intelligence. We have the power not only to alter our environment, but to change our conception of the world about us.

Education gives us the power to do both of these things. If it is our ambition to alter the face of the earth, to build bridges, erect' skyscrapers, we can educate ourselves in that direction. If we want to divert rivers, fiy over oceans, level mountains, we can educate ourselves to do that, too. We can learn to deal with things.

We can also learn to deal with ideas. We can learn to examine our beliefs, our concepts, our habits of thought, and we can realine them in such a way as to make for greater human happiness. That is one of the important roles of the teacher.

To survive in this world we need to be capable of earning a living. To be happy, we need to be able to deal successfully with thoughts, as well as things. We need to have healthy, sound, clear-cut beliefs about the world we live in, about our relations with other people, about our work, our community, our town; our Nation. Over the centuries of human history certain basic ideas have been found to be the building blocks of a healthy society. A sound education can build these ideas into our character, can provide us with a bulwark against adversity, a comfort for pain, an antidote for despair. An educated mind, to my way of thinking, is a cheerful min<!, a mind that· never loses sight of hope. No harm can come to a good man, in this world or the next, said the philosopher Socrates, who died in martyrdom as cheerfully as he had lived. A wealth of sturdy, sustaining ideas such as this is one of the bounties of a good education.

In this respect, it seems to me that the role of the teacher is an especially important one. We are continually improving our school buildings, our laboratories, our books, our technical facilities for teaching, but in the long run the crucial point in education is that point where student contacts teacher. Recent studies have shown us that such media as television, while they broaden the learning audience, are no match for the actual contact between teacher and student that is made in the classroom.

1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 10435 After all, the student is a human being, a

living creature; he is not a mechanical robot into whom information is being fed automatically. His rate of learning, his grasp of new material, depends very largely on the kind of person who is presenting this material-on his teacher. If we are to have a better educated citizenry, we must first have teachers who are dedicated to, and inspired by, the historic task of enlarging human mentality.

This task has become especially important in our time, when our whole way of life is being affected by a technological revolution. The sum total of the technological revolution is that everything happens faster. We fly through the air with the speed of sound, we build automobiles in a matter of minutes, we solve incredibly complicated problems in fractions of a second.

To live, to survive in an environment where everything happens so fast requires a greater mental agility than ever before. Our world is becoming something like the instrument panel in the control cabin of a jet airplane. To a.pyone entering such a cabin for the first time, it seems incredible that the pilots can respond correctly and surely to so many different signals, involving such complicated mechanisms.

The answer, of course, is training-education. Our marvelous technological developments, our fiights into outer space, have demonstrated that there is virtually no limit to the development of the human mind. Today the moon is within range, tomorrow the stars-after that, who knows? Human knowledge is a pyramid whose topmost point st.retches in infinity.

The moon will be reached in our time, although none of us here may make the fiight. But I would be surprised if some of you here who are teachers had no share in making it possible. Scientists and engineers produce the rockets and the capsule that fiies into space. But who develops the mind of the astronaut, and his co-workers? That is the job of the teacher, of education. That pyramid of knowledge I spoke of rests upon a base of solid, fundamental learning which makes all of our splendid achievements possible. Cut away that base, and the whole system will topple. The higher we are to soar, the broader that base must be. It is hardly an exaggeration to say that the teacher is the Atlas on whose shoulder our world is carried.

There are some who worry about just how big a load this giant can bear, whether we are straining our capacities dangerously by setting our sights on the stars. I see no cause for alarm. There is a limit to how much a man can eat, how many cars he can drive, how many suits he can wear. But there is no limit to what a man can know, and there is no quenching man's thirst for knowledge. Whether or not we build a stairway to the stars depends simply on the kind of educated men and women our schools turn out. Let us not be content with ordinary men. Let us turn out giants.

Death of Pope John XXIII


HON. FRANK M. CLARK OF PENNSYLVANIA


Thursday, June 6,1963 Mr. CLARK. Mr. Speaker, the world

has· lost a great force for peace, unity, and good will in the death of Pope John XXIII.

CIX--657

Commencement Address by Senator Kefauver


HON. ESTES KEFAUVER OF TENNESSEE



Mr. KEFAUVER. Mr. President, it seems to be customary with each older generation to criticize the younger generation as frivolous, irresponsible, and certain to come to no good. However, I have never been able to associate myself with such thinking.

Every year I try to attend at least one high school commencement in Tennessee. This year I was present when 46 graduates of Seymour High School in Sevier County, Tenn., received their diplomas.

This was one of the finest groups of graduates I have ever seen-eager, enthusiastic, anxious to move out into the world and do their part to make it a bet_ter place for themselves and the families they will one day bring up. I was privileged to be the commencement speaker, and I hope that what I said was of some inspiration to these fine young people.

In the further hope that these remarks may be of some benefit. to others, I ask unanimous consent that the text of the address be printed in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD.

There being no objection, the address was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: COMMENCEMENT ADDRESS BY SENATOR EsTES

KEFAUVER TO THE SEYMOUR HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATING CLASS, SEYMOUR, TENN., MAY 31, 1963 . If experience is a guide, chances are good

that 15 years from tonight, most of you won't remember who gave your commencement address. But no matter whether you remember who spoke, you will never forget this evening. This is fitting. Nothing I or anyone else can say tonight can compare with the achievement each of you recorded in graduating from high school.

For one thing, it is impossible for any of us who have been adults much longer than you to fully appreciate your feelings and your thoughts upon graduating from this fine school. This is something many of us tend to forget. It's something you will prob.ably tend to forget too: Each oncoming generation arrives at adulthood with a totally .different background of knowledge and experience.

Personally it seems incredible to me that you graduates never thrilled to the voice of Franklin D. Roosevelt summoning this country to responsibility, summoning it out of its agony of fear.

Or the voice of Winston Churchill summoning the democracies to greatness, summoning them out of the shambles of total demoralization and defeat.

Or saw and took part in the slow, painful, joyful transformation of this great State of ours during the thirties and forties, out of .seeming defeat, depression and apathy to the vibrant, optimistic growing economy and society we have today.

Yet . it is true. You did not experience these things. · These were the things your parents experienced. These were the things that molded their lives and their philosophies.

We have something you cannot quite understand. At the same time, you have things which my generation cannot quite understand.

For one who remembers when there were more horses than horseless carriages, it is difficult to imagine that in your lifetime, daily trips to the moon may become commonplace. And fantastic though this may seem, we all know it is a very real possibility.

It has seemed sometimes that yours is one of the generations Roosevelt meant when he said: "To some generations, much is given." While the generation of your parents is obviously one he spoke of when he added: "From other generations, much is expected."

But this is not quite the case. You know much is expected of you. Fear

and defeat, and responsibility and greatness, are not the property of any generation or any year.

There will be times when you will fear. There will be times when you meet defeat. And there will be calls issued to you to leave fear and defeat behind.

My friends, you are being summoned to responsibility. You are being summoned to greatness. Now, tonight, and from now on through your entire lives.

When you file out of this auditorium, you will be leaving childhood behind. You are walking into the joys of responsibility and of citizenship and-let us hope-of greatness.

It is natural that you are privately worried about leaving this school and the society and friendships you have built within it. The future is dimly seen. The years seem to stretch endlessly ahead.

But those years will go fast. The 17 or 19 years you've so far passed seem a long time, perhaps. The next 10 years, 20 years, 30 years will find each year and each -decade becoming shorter and shorter. You will have to seize your chance for greatness promptly. ·

There is no room nor time for worry. Nor is there any reason ' to worry. The joys of citizenship, of adulthood, of parenthood_:_in short, the joys of responsibility-are every bit as sweet as the pleasures of childhood, of youth, and of school. These are to be your joys, your responsibility, from now on. ·

Part of that responsibility is to prepare yourself for it. Preparation does not end here in high school. This is the age of specialization. I urge every one of you who possibly can to go on to college. If you cannot, try to attend a vocational or trade program which will better equip you to fulfill your responsibilities.

Recently I saw a Census Bureau report that gave a very good reason for going on to college. It showed that while the average annual income for families headed by a high school graduate is $6,300, it is much higher$9,30Q--for those whose breadwinner is a college graduate.

Moreover, as we grow up and assume family responsibilities, we realize how much our children's education takes place right in the home. So we want to be as well equipped as we can to help them learn about the world in which they will live and bring up their own families someday.

Besides, education is the gateway to a fuller, richer life all around. It is the one thing that, coupled with experience, generates ideas of the most lasting signi1lcance.

A great, great responsibility is that of civic awareness and participation. It is up to you to inform yourselves about what is going on in your community, your State, Nation, and the world. It is up to you to speak out, to vote, and if possible, to offer . yourself for community service. "Politics" is not a nasty word so long as good people, like you, are paying attention to it and helping to make it work.

10436 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE June 6

So much for heavy phllosophy on this wonderful evening.

It remains to remind you of something about which you surely know: Your parents are mighty proud of you all, both for having successfully reached this milestone and for the determination with which you will go forward to the milestones of the future.

I hope that you are proud of your parents. This community certainly is. It has not been easy, lending you the morale and material assistance to complete 12 years of school.

I hope that you are proud of the faculty of this school system-the teachers you have had. The community is prou~ of them. A teacher gives a pa1-t of himself or herself to his or her students, and acquires back a part of the ·student in return. This is one reason why teaching is a valued, honored profession. Wherever you may go now, you will take a part of this school and its teachers with you. No matter how far you go, a part of you will stay here.

Finally, I hope you are prou'l of this community-as proud of it as it is of you.

It has been at considerable expense that your community has provided this education for you-an expense which no one has stinted and which no one regrets. Yet it was an expense and it is up to you to repay it. You will repay it by unstintingly providing the education, or the cost of it, for those who are coming behind you.

Now then: This is your time. These times are your challenge. Responsibility is yours. Wear it well. Wear it proudly.

If you do, greatness will also be yours.

Pope John XXIII


HON. SAMUEL S. STRATTON OF NEW YORK


Thursday, June 6,1963

Mr. STRATTON. Mr. Speaker, I rise to express my profound sorrow on the death of Pope John XXTII. This simple, penetrating, human, and courageous man will surely go down in history, in spite of his brief reign of less than 5 years, as one of the greatest ponti1Is in the long and impressive history of the Roman Catholic Church.

·Few men in all history have ever captured the love and affection of so many millions of people, many of whom did not share his own religion, and most of whom never had the privilege of seeing or meeting him. This basic ability to communicate with other human beings was truly, as has been said, the miracle of Pope John.

He has breathed new life, new hope, indeed a healthy and youthful new vigor into mankind's age-long quest for peace on earth and good will and mutual understanding among all men.

As we bow in sorrow at the passing of this great man, we can only thank God for having given him and his leadership to the world in such a critical hour, and we can only hope that the great causes of peace and Christian unity for which he fought so tirelessly will be carried forward with equal fervor in the days ahead by all of us who were privileged to live in the age of John XXIn.

The 19th Anniversary of D-Day


HON. JIM WRIGHT OF TEXAS



Mr. WRIGHT. Mr. Speaker, today, June 6, represents the 19th anniversary of D-day, when the Allied forces on June 6, 1944, crossed the English channel and began the invasion of Nazi-held Europe.

It was a day destined to be indelibly written on the pages of history. We have come to know it by many names. Operation Overlord, it was known to the Allied Command. Military analysts speak of the Battle of Normandy. Author Cornelius Ryan, using a quote by German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel, has made it famous as "The Longest Day."

Certainly it is worthy of our looking back and remembering the events of that day.

The English channel was choppy and fog rolled. At 4 a.m. on June 5 at Southwick House near Portsmouth, England, Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower had listened to weather briefings and, in the words of British Field Marshal Montgomery "decided to go on June 6. Eisenhower was in good form and made his decision quickly."

A few hours later the man responsible for the defense of Normandy, Rommel, wrote a situation report saying that "invasion is not imminent." The worst storm the English Channel had known in 2v years, plus the lack of Allied activity during 18 perfect-weather days in May, had lulled the Nazi "Desert Fox" into a false sense of security. His report finished, Rommel set off by car to Berchtesgaden to beg Adolph Hitler for more Panzer divisions. His Chief of staff, Gen. Hans Speidel, issued an order relaxing the month-long alert his forces had maintained along the coast of

. France. Officers moved inland for rest and relaxation.

Even as the Germans relaxed, the world's mightiest armada slipped across the choppy channel toward Normandy's rugged coast: 4,000 ships and thousands of smaller craft, ready to dump onto the beaches the men, machines and equipment committed to freedom's cause. Shortly after midnight, June 6, the first paratroopers of history's largest airborne operation-18,000 men-tumbled through darkened skies. Within 6 hours the main assault forces would hit the beach and the world would for the first time hear the names of places rising to take a place in history: of Utah Beach and bloody Omaha Beach; of Cherbourg and Caen anrt Bayeux.

What of the giants of the times on this momentous day? And what of the men who then toiled in relative obscurity, but would within an amazingly short time rise to national prominence? What were they doing?

Winston Churchill spoke in the British House of Commons for 10 minutes

on the fall of Rome and after, in his own words, "keeping them on tenterhooks for a little" dramatically told his people of "the liberating assault falling upon the coast of France."

Gen. Charles de Gaulle set foot upon his native soil for the first time in 4 years, leading the Free French into battle.

General Eisenhower paced -the floor in anxious wonder, fretting as have commanders since the beginning of wars, over the slowness of progress reports.

President Franklin D. Roosevelt asked the Nation to join him in prayer:

The darkness will be rent by noise and flame. Men's souls will be shaken by the violence of war.

Adolph Hitler slept on, not knowing of the assault until midafternoon of D-day. His now-infamous order to German commanders reveals his failure to grasp the magnitude of the invasion assault: "Clear the beaches by nightfall."

From Moscow, Premier Joseph Stalin wired Churchill:

The invasion * * * gives joy to us all and hope of !uture success.

In the U.S. Senate, Chaplain Frederick Brown Harris also prayed:

Grant that on this D-day of liberation weapons of freedom, forged in fires of faith, may pierce the shields of pagan steel.

Senators recited the 23d psalm together and a few rose to make stirring speeches about the long-awaited . invasion.

One Senator who did not speak was a mild, bespectacled man from Missouri. He quietly voted against a proposed technical amendment to a price control bill and left the Senate Chamber. Within 45 days Harry S. Truman would be nominated for Vice President. Within 10 months he would be our Chief Executive. He had no way of knowing what fate held at the ready for him. ·

The House of Representatives recited the Lord's Prayer. Congressman LYNDON B. JOHNSON of Texas' lOth District, home from the wars with a Silver Star for gallantry in action, made no speeches but went quietly about his work.

At the Chelsea, Mass., Naval Hospital a 26-year-old lieutenant, junior grade, by the name of John Fitzgerald Kennedy recuperated from serious wounds received 10 months earlier when his P.T. boat had been cut in half by a Japanese destroyer. No one had the foresight to ask his reaction to this historic day.

On the beaches the Allies fought on. Soon they would sweep into France, capturing Paris on August 23. By September 1 they would reach Belgium and 9 days later fire the first shells into Germany itself.

The Third Reich that Hitler boasted would live "for a thousand years" felt the tremors that meant the beginning of the end.

Thus it has ever been, in the fullness of time, with every such regime founded upon tyranny and terror. And thus may it always be.

1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 10437 Address of Hon. John J. Flynt, Jr., Law

Day, University of Georgia


HON. ROBERT G. STEPHENS, JR. OF GEORGIA



Mr. STEPHENS. Mr. Speaker, when the senior students of the University of Georgia School of Law planned the annual Law Day exercises for this year, they selected for guest speaker one of the university's most distinguished graduates, Hon. JoHN J. FL~NT, JR., a Member of the House of Representatives from the Fourth District of Georgia.

Outstanding Georgia lawyers, supreme court justices, judges of the court of appeals, trial court judges, political leaders, deans, faculty members, and honor students filled the 130-year-old historic and beautiful chapel to hear a profound address by our colleague. It is so noteworthy and significant that I set out its full text for the careful considera.tion by the House membership. I also wish to commend Law School Dean Alton Hosch and the student leaders of the school of law for affording this opportunity to the legal profession of Georgia. ADDRESS BY THE HONORABLE JOHN J. FLYNT,

JR., OF GEORGIA

Chairman Bloodworth, Senator Russell, Congressman Stephens, President Aderhold, Dean Hosch, ladies and gentlemen, it gives me a great deal of pleasure to participate in Law Day at the University of Georgia. For many years I have shared your interest and activity in developing Law Day into the outstanding annual event that it is.

This year you have honored me by asking me to speak on this occasion. It is particularly pleasant for me to return to this historic building, surrounded by many scenes which, for me, hold happy memories of more than a quarter century ago. This is the campus where I was first introduced to both the formal study of law and to formal college education. I owe a debt of gratitude to the University of Georgia and its environs which I can never adequately repay. I look forward to the enrollment of my older son and namesake in the student body of this university in the very near future.

Law Day is set aside as a day of national observance in the United States of America. It is th:} antithesis of the Communist May Day celebration which is celebrated throughout the Communist world. Law Day stands for a rule of right--not might--and could accurately be described as a day dedicated to the dignity of man. May Day in the world behind the Iron and Bamboo Curtains stands for tyranny, oppression and the elevation of the state over the individual.

The expressed purpose of Law Day is to impress upon the citizens of this country the great heritage of Anglo-American law, which protects our rights and freedoms. The solemn recognition and appreciation of our system of law is the perfect counterpart and antithesis of the Communist celebration of May Day, which is loudly celebrated throughout the Communist world with vast parades of troops and displays of armed might. A comparison of these two observances is the most vivid illustration of exactly why the theme for Law Day 1963, "Law: Rule of Right, Not Might," was selected.

In his proclamation designating Law Day 1963, President Kennedy recognizes the important part of our system of laws has played in the development of this country, when he quotes a former Justice of our Supreme Court as stating that: "The history of law is the history of the moral development of the races."

The word "law" has many meanings. We refer to laws of nature, laws of science, laws of economics, and laws of various other fields. In these instances we are confronted with certain facts so frequently or these facts are so inherent in human reasoning that we cannot conceive of any other alternatives, therefore, these facts are referred to as laws.

When we refer to the Golden Rule, we refer to a rule of morals or ethics that is the product of the development of civilization and we tend to regard it as a "law," but there is no compulsion behind the enforcement of ethical rules of conduct, except public opinion and our own conscience.

The word "law" as used in connection with Law Day has a meaning different from any of the aforementioned. When used in this sense we are referring to that set of rules of human conduct that are prescribed by a supreme governmental authority and enforced by the state through its courts. It can be said that "law" is the codified commonsense and good judgment of the ages. It must be that if a government under laws is to survive.

The theme of Law Day for 1963 is "Law; Rule of Right, Not Might." I think we find ourselves in accord that the United States of America would not have achieved its preeminent position of leadership among all nations of the world if this had not been the underlying principle of our system of jurisprudence in this country. We in America have been blessed by the principles of constitutional government and by the AngloAmerican system of jurisprudence which has made this constitutional Government a reality.

It is probable that our Nation will survive for more than a millennium against all threats from external sources. Many historians, as well as many contemporary political scientists and philosophers, are of the firm belief that if America ever falls from its towering position of strength and leadership that it will be caused by weakness from within rather than from any external force.

Many believe that the greatest single threat toward the enduring strength and security of the United States of America is the noticeable trend toward absolutism.

As the main topic of my remarks today, I would like to discuss the theory of absolutism and the very real dangers which are inherent in it. Within the past year, the subject of absolutism has become a rather controversial one; and my purpose of discussing it today is not to add fuel to the controversy, but rather to warn of some of its dangers.

Let me emphasize that I do not question the motives, the patriotism, or the sincerity of those who advocate the principles of absolutism. They have a perfect right to those beliefs. I disagree with the theory of absolutism and with those who advocate it, but I believe that they are honest in their beliefs just as I assume that they attribute to me the honesty of my purpose.

The most dramatic way that I know to express this warning is by recalling your attention to the undisputed facts that the Caesars of Rome, the czars of Russia, Louis XIV and Bonaparte of France, and more recently Mussolini of Italy and Hitler of Germany were each, in their respective times, the foremost advocates of the theory of absolutism.

The devastation and destruction which each brought upon his respective country may not be attributable entirely to his ad-

herence to absolutism, but it is at least a remarkable coincidence that each of these disciples of absolutism either totally or nearly destroyed his own country and his own people. ·

Several months ago, a colleague and I were discussing this very subject and we had slightly different ideas of the exact meaning. We turned to the lexicon to arbitrate our differences and while neither of us was exactly accurate, the dictionary defined absolutism as follows:

"The doctrine of that which is absolute, or without limitations; specifically, the doctrine or existence of unconditional power vested especially in an autocrat; despotism."

Secondary definitions were given, but I think that the foregoing expresses it best of all. Applied to the Government of the United States, the growing trend toward absolutism manifests itself in court decisions, in grants of power to the executive branch, and oftentimes total disregard of prerogatives of State and local governments by administrative and executive officers of the Federal Government. With regard to the expressions of absolutism by the Court, you are a ware that the decision in the school prayer case and its implication to all traces of religion in public activities is an example of what absolutism can lead to. I do not refer to this decision in an effort to be critical of the Court. I refer to it as an example of how far the trend toward absolutism has already gone.

In his first inaugural address, Thomas Jefferson invoked divine guidance for all our people describing them in his invocation as-

"Enlightened by a benign religion, professed, indeed, and practiced in various forms, yet all of the inculcating honesty, truth, temperance, gratitude, and the love of man; acknowledging and adoring an overruling providence, which by all its dispensations proves that it delights in the happiness of man here and his greater happiness hereafter-with all these blessings, what more is necessary to make us happy and a prosperous people?

"Still one thing more, fellow citizens-a wise and frugal government, which _shall restrain men from injuring one another, shall leave them otherwise free to regulate their own pursuits of industry and improvement, and shall not take from the mouth of labor the bread it has earned. This is the sum of good government, and this is necessary to close the circle of our felicities."

Following the theory of absolutism, the Court would strike down everything in the above quotation attributed to Thomas Jefferson.

Dean Erwin N. Griswold, of Harvard Law School, has forcefully expressed his concern about this trend. He, like myself, has been outspoken in his concern about the school prayer case and the application of the prohibitions contained in the first amendment against the States. To the best of my knowledge, prior to 1950, no one even claimed that the restraints laid down in the first five amendments restrained any echelon of government, except the Federal Government.

If the full circle of the trend of absolutism is completed, it will make hollow shells of every State capitol, county courthouse, and city hall in the United States. It will cause every subdivision of government to look to Washington for its solution to all problems. The solutions to most problems do not lie in Washington, but rather the solutions to most problems are close to the people-who are the only source of strength in this or any other country.

The Federal Government derives its strength from the strength of the 50 States and the people of the 50 States. It possesses no strength of its own-it can be no

10438 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE June 6 stronger than the source of its strength and power.

No President, however powerful and wise, can transmit his executive strength to the people over whom he presides. He can lead, yes. He can possess great wisdom and personal magnetism. But the strength of the government which he leads can only come from the broad base of the people.

Those who have authored every constitution of the State of Georgia surely had that in mind when, in their wisdom, they wrote article I, section I, paragraph I of our State's constitution which reads:

"ORIGIN AND FOUNDATION OF GOVERNMENT "All government, of right, originates with

the people, is founded upon their will only, and is instituted solely for the good of the whole. Public officers are the trustees and servants of the people, and, at an times, amenable to them."

Upon the belief that ultimate strength is derived from the people and that ultimate sovereignty resides there, our Government has grown from strength to greater strength. It would be tragic if we should deteriorate from strength to weakness because that belief should be changed.

Lest my views be misinterpreted, let me say forthrightly there are certain areas in which the power of the Federal Government must be absolute-among these are the conduct of foreign policy, maintenance of the Defense Establishment, regulations of interstate and foreign commerce, control of coinage and currency, and others clearly enumerated in our basic instrument of government.

When the Federal Government overreaches itself and extends its vast powers into subject matter which can best be done by the State, the counties, the cities, or by the people themselves, then the inevitable result is a deterioration of government in those areas which are exclusively Federal in their very nature.

Our Nation-its people-its Government may truly be the last great hope of earth. Surely the United States is the unquestioned leader of the nations of the free world. It could be that we are the main strength of Western civilization. I believe the best guarantee of a free world is a strong United States of America. An America, strong economically, militarily, industrially, and agriculturally, but most of all possessed of a people strong in purpose, character, and courage.

A strong America can be preserved by a proud and self-reliant people, with strong local governments at each level upon which a strong National Government and a strong Nation must surely rest.

If I have appeared overly critical of the theory of absolutism let me now make some positive and affirmative suggestions. Let me paint a confident and bright picture of the future .

Our people are both proud and self-reliant. Twice within 50 years ambitious rulers of foreign powers have started two world wars, in the belief that America had grown into lethargy and indltference and either could not or would not mobilize its resources in defense of America or America's allies. At a cost of millions of men and uncountable material resources each learned that the courage and strength of America is a very real thing.

The economic strength of the United States is still the strongest of any nation on ~arth. The private enterprise segment of the American economy is stronger than the private enterprise counterpart of any other country on earth. Research and development in the physical sciences, in the natural sciences, and in medicine bring more real progress in the United States each. year than in the rest of the world combined. These advances we gladly share with all people on earth.

Based upon a belief in the accuracy of these statements, I think that the future of our Nation and our Government is brighter than it has ever been in its history. The horizons are unlimited-at least they are limited only by the willingness of the American people to make whatever effort and whatever sacrifice may be necessary to maintain the balance of power between the three coordinate branches of the Federal Government, and at the same time to maintain the balance of governmental powers between the Federal Government on the one hand and State and local governments on the other. Any problems of government capable of local determination including those of financing can best be handled at a local level by officials and administrators who know firsthand what the problem is and also know how to resolve it most quickly and most properly.

Most issues which concern us today are the same issues which have concerned all peoples of all nations since the beginning of recorded history. We have heretofore in this country found the right solutions in the hearts and minds of strong people.

A century ago our country faced some of the identical questions and I quote directly from a speech of the then President of the United States:

"You cannot further the brotherhood of man by inciting race and class hatreds.

"You cannot build character or courage by taking away a man's initiative and independence.

"You cannot help men permanently by doing for them what they could and should do for themselves."-A. Lincoln.

Each of these admonitions could well be followed by the leaders and the people of the United States today. To these I would add: both the hope and a prayer that this Nation will daily practice the theme of Law Day 1963: "Law: Rule of Right, Not Might." As we dedicate this Law Day 1963 to this theme, let us at the same time make it a day of thanksgiving to Almighty God for the blessings which he has given to this our land and our people. Let us make this a day of rededication to those things which have caused our Nation to grow to greatness and proudly reaffirm our faith in a supreme being-the Supreme Judge of the universe.

Partnership for Research


HON. ALEXANIJER PIRNIE OF NEW YORK



Mr. PIRNIE. Mr. Speaker, on May 31, 1963, I was privileged to attend the dedication of a new wing of the U.S. Plant, Soil, and Nutrition Laboratory at Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y. The principal speaker on that significant occasion was our colleague HAROLD C. OSTERTAG, Of the 37th District of New York. His talk, entitled "Partnership for Research," was highly informative and very timely. His remarks are especially significant today as the House is considering the agriculture appropriation bill. He discussed the essential role of Government in certain aspects of research but correctly warned that the proper balance between Government and private research must be maintained if we are to avoid stunting our economic growth. The vast expansion of governmental research can siphon off too large a percentage of our scien-

tific talent if we are not aware of this danger and fail to take appropriate corrective action. I trust we will consider carefully this problem and do all in our power to strengthen research in every field of production activity so that our national economy may be strengthened in all its vital phases.

Although the speech documents a lag in agricultural research it highlights the slowdown in research in many significant areas. I am confident our distinguished colleague's remarks will generate serious thinking and constructive action:

PARTNERSHIP FOR RESEARCH (By Hon. HAROLD C. OSTERTAG of New York) It is a great honor and privilege for me

to join with you today here at Cornell University on the occasion of the dedication of this important agricultural research facility. Cornell has developed a magnificent and enviable record for progress in agriculture over the years. And, too, Cornell has played a balance and leading role in science and technology as it applies to government, education, and the private sector of our whole national economy and culture. All of us who are familiar with its programs and services are confident that this new wing of the U.S. Plant, Soil and Nutrition Laboratory will produce achievements in keeping with the great traditions and standards developed here in the cooperative programs of Cornell University and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. It was a source of real satisfaction to me to join with Congressman John Taber, Congressman Alexander Pirnie, Congressman Howard Robison, and many other friends of this great institution in obtaining the approval in the Congress of the United States of the necessary funds for the construction and operation of this laboratory wing.

This laboratory is being dedicated today to unlock the many remaining secrets, the creative talents, applicable to our soil, plant, and animal resources. These are agriculture programs of a kind which all of us endorse and support, and it is to be regretted that a far greater share of the tremendous budget of the U.S. Department of Agriculture is not devoted to scientific progress of this nature. In the Department of Agriculture budget of $7 billion now before the Congress, only $185 million has been programed for the Agricultural Research Service. In fact, no funds have been requested in this budget for the establishment of any new agricultural research facilities anywhere in the country. As a member of the Appropriations Committee in the House of Representatives, I am one who believes in economy in government, but I certainly find this to be false economy.

Throughout our history, the Department of Agriculture has been in the forefront of the Federal Government's efforts in support of research. The Department has carried out extensive research within its own facilities, and in support of research elsewhere. It has built up many fine working partnerships with our universities, such as the partnership that exists here at Cornell. The results of these efforts and these partnerships have been dramatic-they have played an important role in reshaping American agriculture-and in making the abundance of American agriculture the envy of the world. we take pride in the knowledge that each American farmer produces food and fiber for an average of 26 other persons, while the Soviet Union farmer's production capability is limited to 6 of his comrades.

I indicated a moment ago that I am not completely satisfied with the consideration given to agricultural research in the pending 1964 budget. In saying that, I should point out to you that in recent years the support for agriculture research has not kept pace

1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 10439 with the tremendous surge of Governmentsponsored science-research and development. During this period, the strong co-. operative system of research developed many years ago as between the Department of Agriculture and that of our colleges and universities--this partnership has provided a sound foundation for expansion, and has measurably benefited the other areas of responsibility on the part of Government in the all-important fields of science and technology.

Although these other areas of governmental endeavor are something of a "Johnnycome-lately" in research pursuits, they have come into being with a tremendous rush. Many of these Federal programs have been increased 50 to 100 percent annually, in recent years. As a result, agriculture research, which was once the chief research interest of the Federal Government, is now in a distant fifth position in the financial tables for research supported on the part of the Federal Government. Topping the list of Federal patrons of research is the Department of Defense, with half of the overall total-followed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Atomic Energy Commission, the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, and the Agriculture Department, in that order.

Yes, the Federal Government has entered into research with a tremendous surge. How big is that surge?

Well, in this present fiscal year, the Federal Government intends to spend more than $12 b111ion in the research and development category; and next year's budget calls for almost $15 b11lion. The Federal Government's expenditures for research are four times greater than they were 10 years ago, and they have doubled in the last 5 years. The Federal Government is now supporting more than two-thirds of all the research and development work performed in our great country. 10 years ago, the Government supported less than half the total expended for this purpose.

How has this happened? What is its meaning and its impact? Let me take a few moments to discuss these

developments because I believe they are highly important for our Government, our educational institutions, our private enterprise, our economy, and for our national well being. And, they are now beginning to command reassessment as to application an,d balance.

The principal reasons for this tremendous growth have been the great expansion of Government responsibility, and the new importance of science and research to the public interests. For example, research in space has become almost totally a program of the Federal Government; health has become a major concern of t(he Federal Government; promotion of science, itself, has become a major Government responsibility; and, of course, national defense and security have become strongly dependent upon scientific research and technological development, in addition to dependence upon productive capacity and manpower, as in the past. In agriculture, in addition to the continuing goal of seeking to improve quality, and quantity, research has been stimulated also by such factors as rising costs, Government acreage controls, and by price supports. In these latter cases, I am afraid the results have not always been of benefit to agriculture.

Ten years ago the Federal Government accounted for less than 50 percent of the Nation's research and development--it spent about $3 billion in this area. Today, Federal expenditures are $12 billion and comprise more than two-thirds of the national total, both public and private. The Federal role has soared so swiftly and its impact has been so enormous, that we are just begin-

ning to assess these new patterns and their effects.

One thing to be remembered, of course, is that federally supported research is not the same as federally performed research. More than 80 percent of federally sponsored· research and development is performed by nongovernment organizations. In other words, $4 out of every $5 invested in research and development by the Federal Government is channeled through industry, colleges and universities, and other nonprofit institutions. Industry receives by far the largest allocation of this--mainly for defense and space projects. But our educational institutions this year will receive about $1.5 billion from the Federal Government in the pursuit of science, research, and technology. In most of the major universities, the Federal Government provides more than one-half of the funds of their research budget. As I understand it, right here at Cornell University the Federal Government supports more than two-thirds of the research activity; and in keeping with the general pattern, the aeronautical laboratory receives by far the largest amount. Agriculture ranks second.

The chief area of research in our educational institutions has always been that of basic research, and I am glad that this has remained true in this period of domination by the Federal Government. While the colleges and universities receive only 12 percent of all Federal funds allotted for research and development, they receive almost one-half of the funds earmarked for basic research. To my mind, this is a very important consideration, because our educational institutions must continue to function as the chief training ground and producer of our new scientists and engineers; and they must continue to play their traditional role in the basic research efforts of the Nation.

May I say that the Congress has given enthusiastic support to the accelerated and varied plans and programs for research and development, and certainly the results have justified our enthusiasm. In space, in medicine, in agriculture, in military technology, in many, many fields progress and achievements have been dramatic and gratifying. Certainly the Nation has benefited greatly. But I must report to you today that there are signs of a second look developing. Why? Because there is a growing concern about the overall effects of the dominant role which the Federal Government has taken in the scientific and research and development effort of the Nation.

What is causing this growing concern? Well, let me discuss a few of the questions being asked.

We are being asked whether it is desirable in our form of democracy to give the Federal Government such a dominant voice in setting the course and the goals of American science and technology.

Is this dominance on the part of Government crowding out many research projects required by the private sector of our society? Is the traditional role of our colleges and universities in the research picture being altered, and is it for better or worse?

Is too much of the scientific manpower of the Nation being diverted to Government purposes? Is there adequate application or "spin off" of Government research to the civilian economy, or are we actually handicapping our economic development by stunting the growth of privately sponsored research?

And then, of course, as Government-sponsored research has mushroomed in all areas, the usual administrative question marks have appeared. For example, are Federal funds justified for research on such programs as religious cults in North Brazil, mother love of the monkey, or bargaining solutions !or games?

· There have been some difficulties, too, over the diversion of grant funds to other purposes.

I have brought these questions with me from Washington, but I cannot report to you today on the answers. I can tell you that Congress is looking with favor on a new Federal program to aid construction of college facilities, including laboratories. But many of the congressional committees are looking more carefully and critically at Federal research programs and budgets this year. The National Science Foundation is conducting a study of the impact which Federal research funds are having on the research programs of our colleges and universities. We are looking earnestly for the answers to these questions ~hich have developed.

However, I do not consider agriculture research to be affected by this new second look. I believe our problem in that area is to change the uses being made of funds allocated to Agriculture. Research in agriculture requires a far greater share in the national effort: Its value-its merit--its need-are beyond question. These facilities here at Cornell give daily testimony to that. This is the type of Federally supported activity whose benefits permeate our entire society. As Dean Palm has said, agriculture research stretches beyond the production and marketing of the farm to our growing suburban and nonfarm population. It supplies answers to countless problems of homeowners, and yields innumerable results of direct benefit to all mankind.

Research in all fields of endeavor has played an important role in shaping our Nation and our society of today. It has been a strong, workable, realistic partnership with government, industry, our colleges and universities, and other organizations. Even more than in the past, research today will determine the character of tomorrow. It will have a decided bearing on our gross national product, our competitive position in the world, our standard of living, and our pursuit of happiness.

It is a challenge to all of us to see that America's partnership for research remains balanced, diverse, vital and strong, so that our Nation will continue to fulfill its traditional promise of a better tomorrow.

Profile of a Lion


HON. FRANK C. OSMERS, JR. OF NEW JERSEY


ThursdaY, June 6, 1963

Mr. OSMERS. Mr. Speaker, unless one is an active member, the significance of our international service clubs to our Nation and the world can easily be overlooked.

Lions International is one of these great movements. It binds together public spirited citizens throughout the world. There are today 677,000 Lions in 17,117 clubs located in 121 countries and geographical locations throughout the world. These men have joined together to help, encourage, and extend the personal hand of friendship, to those who for any reason cannot help themselves.

On May 18 it was my privilege to be present and speak briefly to the guests at a testimonial dinner given in honor of my long-time friend and· former associate, Michael Orecchio, of Fairview,

10440 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE June 10

N.J., on the occasion of the completion of his term as a governor of District 16-A, New Jersey, Lions International.

Governor Orecchio is the owner of the Orecchio Agency, in Fairview, N.J., a well known and highly successful real estate and insurance business. During his entire life, Michael Orecchio has served his community with zeal and devotion. He sponsored and aided in the construction of his town's first playground. He equipped and set up a baseball league for youngsters. He was instrumental in organizing the town's first Boy Scout troop. He served for years on both the board of education and the planning board. For 26 years he was a volunteer fireman, serving also as fire chief. He served as president of the Fairview Chamber of Commerce. Every fund-raising drive has benefited from his help and leadership. He has had a lifelong interest in crime detection and

SENATE MoNDAY, JuNE 10, 1963

The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, and was called to order by Hon. LEE METCALF, a Senator from the State of Montana.

The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown Harris, D.D., offered the following prayer:

0 God, our Father, who desirest truth in the inward parts, in the white light of whose presence all our motives stand revealed, for this hallowed moment, turning aside from our divisive loyalties and our party cries, we would bow humbly in a unity of spirit with a vivid realization of our oneness in Thee.

Closing the door of prayer upon the outer world with its tumult and shouting and its unpredictable trends, and standing now in the searching light of Thy holiness, we know ourselves for what we are--petty and proud creatures who too often seek their own wills and whims, in spite of the polished courtesies and noble professions with which we approach Thee.

Cleanse the inner fountains of our hearts, we beseech Thee, from all defiling foulness and from the secret sin of pretense. In tense days, when the words that are uttered within these walls may affect the uttermost parts of the earth, fit us faithfully to protect the Republic from outward aggression and subversion, and from the treason of betraying the eternal principles which are the foundation stones of our national existence.

We ask it through riches of grace in Christ Jesus, our Lord. Amen.

DESIGNATION OF ACTING PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE

The legislative clerk read the following letter:

U.S. SENATE, PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE,

Washington, D.C., June 10, 1963. To the Senate:

Being temporarily absent from the Senate, I appoint Hon. LEE METCALF, a Senator from

crime prevention, which led to his service as chief of detectives for Bergen County, N.J.

During his years as a member of Lions International, Michael Orecchio has seen a need for some brief credo which would identify a Lion to the community, to the world at large, and last but not least, to himself.

In words that are brief but full of meaning, he has written a "Profile of a Lion." Those who have heard this wonderful description of a Lion have been deeply moved by it.

Lions International was established 46 years ago. Its Lions Club objectives and Lions code of ethics set the standard for Lions conduct. In a sense, this "Profile of a Lion," taken together with the Lions Club objectives and the Lions code of ethics could well form a trinity of lionism.

Mr. Speaker, because the philosophy so well expressed in the "Profile of a Lion"

the State of Montana, to perform the duties of the Chair during my absence.

CARL HAYDEN, President pro tempore.

Mr. METCALF thereupon took the chair as Acting President pro tempore.

THE JOURNAL On request of Mr. MANSFIELD, and by

unanimous consent, the reading of the Journal of the proceedings of Thursday, June 6, 1963, was dispensed with.

MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENTAPPROVAL OF BILLS

Messages in writing from the President of the United States were communicated to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one of his secretaries, and he announced that the President had approved and signed the following acts:

On May 28, 1963: s. 20. An act to promote the coordination

and development of effective programs relating to outdoor recreation, and for other purposes.

On May 29, 1963: S. 18. An act to change the name of Har

pers Ferry National Monument to Harpers Ferry National Historical Park;

S. 247. An act to authorize survey andestablishment of a townsite for the Juneau Indian Village in Alaska; and

s. 873. An act to direct the Secretary of the Interior to convey certain public lands in the State of Nevada to the county of Lincoln, State of Nevada.

On June 4, 1963: S. 386. An act to consolidate Vicksburg

National Military Park and to provide for certain adjustments necessitated by the installation of a park tour road, and for other purposes.

On June 10, 1963: S. 1409. An act to prohibit discrimination

on account of sex in the payment of wages by employers engaged in commerce or in the production of goods for commerce.

MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE A message from the House of Repre

sentatives, by Mr. Bartlett, one of its reading clerks, announced that the House had passed a bill <H.R. 6754) making appropriations for the Depart-

could be followed by all of us, under unanimous consent I insert it in the RECORD.

PROFILE OJ' A LION

He is a respected citizen of his community. He is reverent to his God, loyal to his

country and uncompromising in his devotion to both.

He raises his glass in the "Lions toast,. and thereby acknowledges the concept of equality of all Lions the world over.

He recognizes authority, accepts responsibility and exercises self-discipline, realizing that only through proper organization can Lionism achieve its greatest goals.

He gives willingly of his time, energy, and substance to assist his community and the needy.

He meets regularly with his fellow Lions and through the common denominator of "friendship,. confers, plans and carries out the objectives of his Lions Club.

He is an ordinary guy, enjoys fun and good fellowship, although not perfect he is ever mindful of human concern.

ment of Agriculture and related agencies for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1964, and for other purposes, in which it requested the concurrence of the Senate.

HOUSE BILL REFERRED The bill (H.R. 6754) making appro

priations for the Department of Agriculture and related agencies for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1964, and for other purposes, was read twice by its title and referred to the Committee on Appropriations.

ORDER DISPENSING WITH CALL OF THE CALENDAR

On request of Mr. MANsFIELD, and by unanimous consent, the call of the Legislative Calendar was dispensed with.

LIMITATION OF STATEMENTS DURING MORNING HOUR

On request of Mr. MANsFIELD, and by unanimous consent, statements during the morning hour were ordered limited to 3 minutes.

EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC.

The ACTING PRESIDENT protempore laid before the Senate the following letters, which were referred as indicated: REPORT ON CONSTRUCTION OF LABORATORY

BUILDING AT COLORADO UNIVERSITY, BOUL• DER, COLO.

A letter from the Administrator, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C., reporting, pursuant to law, on the construction of a laboratory building at Colorado University, Boulder, Colo.; to the Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences. REPORT ON CONSTRUCTION OF ADDITIONAL RE

SEARCH FACILITIES AT UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH, PA.

A letter from the Administrator, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C., reporting, pursuant to law, on the construction of additional research facilities at the University of Pittsburgh, Pa.; to the Committee on Aeronautical and Space Sciences.

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