English File 1

© Oxford University Press

1 Verb be : present simple

�+ Positive

I ’m

You ’re

HeShe ’s German.It

WeYou ’reThey

Contractions ’m = am ’s = is ’re = are

� There are three forms: am, is, and are.

� There are eight personal pronouns: I, you (singular), he, she, it, we, you (plural),and they.

� you (s.) and you (pl.) are the same.

�– Negative

I ’m not

YouWe aren’tThey Italian.

HeShe isn’tIt

Contraction n’t = not

� Use not after the verb to make �– negatives.

�? Question

Am I

youAre we

they Japanese?

heIs she

it

Grammar file 1

�� ✗ Short answer

I am. I ’m not.

you youwe are. we aren’t.

Yes, they No, they

he heshe is. she isn’t.it it

� Don’t use contractions in �+ positive short answers.Are you tired? Yes, I am. Yes, I’m.

Word order in questions

�+ �?

Subject Verb Verb Subject

You ’re Polish. Are you Polish?

She ’s from Tokyo. Where ’s she from?

� Put the verb before the subject in �? questions.

2 Adjectives (1)

He’sShe’s French.We’re

� Adjectives don’t change.

3 Imperatives

Verb �+ Imperative �– Imperative

open Open the door, please! Don’t open the door.

� There are only two forms: positive and negative.

� Singular and plural imperatives are the same.

4 Possessive adjectives (1)

I my My name’s Sophie.you your What’s your name?he his His name’s Harrison Ford.

she her Her name’s Suzanna.

� Use his for a man and her for a woman.

5 Capital letters

I’m Spanish. Poland Wednesday Mike

� Use CAPITAL letters for pronoun I, nationalities, countries, days, and names.

�

�

➤

➤

➤

➤

© Oxford University Press

Grammar check 1

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a What’s her name?

b �

c be

d tired

e I’m not British.

f Come here.

g A

�

3 Word order in questions Write questions.Use contractions.

1 your what is name ? What’s your name?

2 teacher is your who ?

3 York you are from New ?

4 today how you are ?

5 this his is file ?

6 they are from where ?

4 Imperatives Complete.

� �

1 Ask your teacher. Don’t ask your teacher.

2 Listen to the cassette.

3 Don’t look at yourbook.

4 Answer the question.

5 Don’t write the words.

5 Possessive adjectives Complete with my, your,his, or her.

1 He’s Chinese but passport is American.

2 I’m from Milan and name’s Luigi.

3 What’s name? Where are you from?

4 She isn’t here but bag’s on the desk.

6 Grammar words Match the word and example.

1 adjective d

2 capital letter

3 imperative

4 verb

5 question

6 negative sentence

7 positive

1 Verb be: contractions Complete the sentences.

�

1 I am I’m fine. I’m not tired

2 you are a student. You a teacher.

3 he is Mexican. He Brazilian.

4 she is from Vienna. She from Salzburg.

5 it is a computer. It a TV.

6 we are in room 10. We in room 11.

7 they are African. They European.

2 a Questions / Short answers Write the questions. Use capital letters. b Complete the answers.

Questions Answers

1 issheegyptian? Is she Egyptian? No, she isn’t.

2 aretheyfromitaly? Yes, they .

3 isthisyourpen? No, it .

4 areyougerman? No, I .

5 isitfridaytoday? Yes, it .

6 areyoufromtokyo? No, we .

English File I

1 What … like?

Grammar file1

2 it (weather)It’s very hot today.What was the temperature yesterday? It was 28°.

✦ Use it to talk about weather and temperature.

3 The present perfect

( '

I IYou YouWe

’veWe

haven’t

They worked in France. They worked in Italy.

He been to the USA. He been to Canada.

She ’s She hasn’tIt It

/ &

Have you worked in Britain? Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.Has he been to Spain? Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t.

Contractions ’ve = have ’s = hashaven’t = have not hasn’t = has not

✦ Form the present perfect with have + pastparticiple.

✦ Use the present perfect to talk generallyabout past experiences in your life. You don’tsay exactly when they happened.

I’ve been to America. I’ve been to America last year.

To say when it happened, use the past simple.

I went to America last year.

Past participles✦ For regular verbs, the past participle ends in

ed. It’s the same as the past simple form.

I worked in Spain. / I’ve worked in Spain.

✦ For irregular verbs, the past participle issometimes different from the past simple.

Present’s the weather It’s cold and cloudy.are the people They’re friendly.

What like?

Pastwas the weather It was freezing.were the people They were very nice.

✦ Use What + (be) + noun + like? to ask for a description.

✦ Remember the difference between (be) like and the verb like.

What’s your flat like? It’s old and cheap. ��� Do you like your flat? Yes, very much.

my experiences

I was born now

present perfect

I’ve been to 15 countries!

What’s the weather like? It’s awful.

English File 2

© Oxford University Press

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Grammar check 1

1 What . . . like? Write the questions. Thenmatch them to the answers.

1 weather the like what’s?

What’s the weather like?

2 like Thailand what’s?

3 the hotel what like was?

4 were like beaches the what?

5 new what’s John’s girlfriend like?

a It’s an interesting country.b They were very clean.c It’s cold and foggy.d She’s very nice.e It was very comfortable.

2 it (weather) What’s the weather like? Writesentences.

1 It’s sunny. 2 3

4 5

3 Present perfect Complete the chart.

Infinitive Past Past participle

work worked worked

be was / were

see seen

go went ___________

tried tried

meet ____________ ____________

a

c

Write present perfect sentences. Usecontractions.

1 you (meet) my wife

Have you met my wife?

2 they (not try) Indian food

3 I (be) to Istanbul

4 they (travel) a lot

5 he (work) in a restaurant

6 we (not see) her new flat S

R

?

R

S

?

b

© Oxford University Press

English File 2

English File 1

© Oxford University Press

1 Articles

� There are only two articles in English: a / an and the.

a / an (indefinite article)

cassette.

It’s

abag.

anoffice.umbrella.

� Use a / an + a singular noun.

� Use an + vowels (a, e, i, o, u).

� Use a / an + jobs. I’m a doctor. I’m doctor.

the (definite article)

Openthe /D@/ door / windows.

the /Di;/ envelope / umbrellas.

� Use the + singular and plural nouns.

� Say /Di;/ for the + vowels.

2 Nouns

Singular Plural Spelling

a book books+ s

an engineer engineers

Also

a watch watches /Iz/+ es (after -ch, -sh, -s, -x, -z)

a fax faxes

a country countriesconsonant + y ➝ ies

a city cities

� Use -s, -es, and -ies to make plurals.

� Don’t use a / an + plural nouns.They’re books. They’re a books.

3 How much …? / How many …?

‘How many sandwiches?’ ‘Four, please.’‘How much is that?’ ‘It’s twelve dollars.’

� Use How many ...? + plural nouns.

� Use How much ...? + money.

4 this / that / these / those

� Use this / that + a singular noun.

� Use these / those + plural nouns.

5 Present simple: I / you / we / they

�+ �–

I

I (etc.) don’t speak Italian.You

speak English.WeThey

�? �� ✗

Do you (etc.) speak German?Yes,

I (etc.)do.

No, don’t.

Contraction don’t = do not

� The verb is the same for I, you, we, and they.

� Use do / don’t (= the auxiliary) in short answers.Do you like tea? Yes, I do. Yes, I like.

6 Adjectives (2)

I’m / You’re (etc.)quite

tired.(not) very

� quite and (not) very go before the adjective.

7 Age

‘How old are you?’ ‘I’m twenty-nine (years old).’

� Use verb be + age. I have twenty-nine.

Grammar file 2

© Oxford University Press

Grammar check 2

4 this / that / these / those Complete.

Singular Plural

1 That’s a fax. Those are faxes.

2 is good. These pizzas are good.

3 Is this your key? your keys?

4 Do you like thosejacket? jackets?

5 Are those seats free?free?

6 How old’s that boy? How old

?

5 Present simple Write the negatives.

1 I work. I don’t work.

2 I know. I .

3 We like football. We .

4 They play tennis. They .

5 I speak Russian. I .

6 You understand. You .

6 Questions / Short answers Complete withdo / don’t or verb be.

1 Do you study French? No, I don’t.

2 Are you married? No, we aren’t.

3 they work here? Yes, they .

4 your friends like Chinese food? No,

they .

5 she South American? No, she .

6 he happy? Yes, he .

7 that your bag? No, it .

8 you want to learn English? Yes, I .

7 quite / (not) very Write the sentences. Usecontractions.

1 cold we quite are We’re quite cold.

2 they thirsty not are very

3 very are hungry you ?

4 hot it quite is

5 is tired very he ?

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1 a Articles Complete with a or an.

1 an airport

2 dog

3 egg

4 hamburger

5 snake

6 year

7 Italian film

8 Chinese restaurant

9 important phone number

b Complete with a / an or the.

1 Can I have a piece of paper, please?

2 Please look at the board.

3 They speak little Japanese.

4 What does he do? He’s actor.

5 Have nice day!

6 A is first letter of English alphabet.

7 What’s this in English? It’s apple.

8 Where’s stress? Apple.

2 Nouns Write the plural.

Singular Plural

1 a bus buses

2 a language

3 a computer

4 a city

5 a horse

6 a sandwich

7 a tree

8 a monkey

9 a bird

3 How much …? / How many …? Complete.

1 How much is fifty pounds in US dollars?

2 biscuits do you want?

3 students are in your class?

4 is a coffee and a large coke?

English File I

1 Present perfect or past simple?

Present perfectHave you ever been to South Have you ever broken

America? your leg?Yes, I have. Yes, I have.

✦ Use the present perfect to talk generally about past experiences when you don’t say / ask ‘when’.

✦ Use ever in ? for experiences at any time in your lifeuntil now.

✦ Use never in *.I’ve never broken my leg. I haven’t never …

Past simpleWhen did you go to South When did you break

America? your leg?I went to Venezuela in 1995. I broke it last July.

I went to Venezuela. I broke my leg.

1995 last July

past __________________________________ now

✦ Use the past simple to say / ask exactly when anaction happened.When did you arrive? I arrived ten minutes ago.

A Have you been to …?B Yes, I have.A When did you go there?

✦ Conversations often begin with the present perfect,then change to the past simple.

Grammar file 2

2 have to / don’t have to (obligation)

( and '

IYou have toWe don’t have toThey travel a lot.

Hehas to

get up early every day.

Shedoesn’t have to

It

/ &

Do youhave to work at

Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.

Does he weekends? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.

✦ Use have to / don’t have to + infinitive to talk aboutobligation.I have to work tomorrow. It’s Monday.I don’t have to work tomorrow. It’s Sunday.

✦ Don’t contract have / has to.

She’s to wear a uniform.

3 can / can’t

( He can wear jeans at work.

' Amish women can’t have short hair.

/ Can we smoke here?

& Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.

✦ Use can / can’t + infinitive to say what is or isn’t allowed.

4 Impersonal you

You have to be over eighteen to vote.How do you spell it?You can’t smoke in hospital.

✦ you = people in general (not you personally).

5 Relative pronouns (who / which / where)A nurse is a person who works in a hospital.A fridge is a thing which keeps food cold.A post office is a place where you can buy stamps.

✦ Use who / which / where to connect sentences.

✦ You can also use that for people and things.She’s the person that won the lottery.A microwave is a machine that cooks food quickly.

‘Have you ever been to Paris?’ Yes, I went there in 1994.’

© Oxford University Press

English File 2

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Grammar check 2

1 Present perfect or past simple? Right � orwrong ✗? Correct the wrong sentences.

1 Have you ever read a James Bond novel?

2 What time have you finished workyesterday?

3 I’ve spoken to Natalia five minutes ago.

4 We went to Miami last April.

5 We’ve been to the USA three times.

6 What have you done last night?

2 have to / don’t have to Complete thesentences.

1 A waiter has to stand up all day.

2 Tomorrow’s a holiday. We go to school.

3 What time do you startwork?

4 Does your brother workon Saturdays?

5 A teacher wear a uniform.

6 I’m late. I go now.

3 can / can’t Complete the dialogues with can / can’t.

1 Can I borrow the car tonight?

No, sorry, you 2 . I need it.

You 3 get a taxi. It isn’t far.

I 4 . I haven’t got any money.

5 we park here?

No, we 6 . It says No Parking.

Look. There’s a car park. We 7

park there.R

S

?

S

R

S

?

�

4 Impersonal you Complete with You can /can’t or You have to / don’t have to.

1 You can pay by credit card.

2leave a tip.

3turn left.

4take photos.

5pay.

6smoke on international flights.

5 Relative pronouns Complete with who,which, or where.

1 This is the school where I study German.

2 I know a girl can play thesaxophone.

3 Hitch-hike is a word means to travelfree in somebody’s car.

4 An interpreter is a person can speakseveral languages.

5 The place you can leave your car iscalled a car park.

© Oxford University Press

English File 2

English File 1

© Oxford University Press

1 Present simple: he / she / it

�+

IYou

speak English.WeThey

HeShe speaks English.It

� There are only two forms: speak and speaks.

� Infinitive (= verb) + s for he, she, and it. She speak … / She’s speaks …

�–

I (etc.) don’t speak English.

HeShe doesn’t speak English.It

�? �� ✗

Do I (etc.) speak English?Yes,

I (etc.)do.

No, don’t.

Doeshe

speak English?Yes,

hedoes.

sheNo,

shedoesn’t.

it it

Contraction doesn’t = does not

� Use does / doesn’t + infinitive in �– and �? . He doesn’t smokes. / Does it starts at 3.00?

Infinitive Present simple Spelling

read She reads Newsweek. + s

finish The film finishes /Iz/ at 10 p.m. + es (after -ch,

-sh, -s, -x, -z)

study He studies biology. consonant + y

➝ ies

� Spelling rules are the same as nouns. � Nouns p.28

� Remember: have ➝ has, go ➝ goes /g@Uz/, do ➝ does /dVz/.

Word order in questions

�Q uestion �A uxiliary �S ubject �I nfinitive

Do you live here?Does she play tennis?

Where do they work?What does John study?What time does the bank open?

� Remember: word order = �A �S �I and �Q �A �S �I .

2 can / can’t

�+ �–

I / You / We / Theycan swim. I (etc.) can’t swim.

He / She / It

�? �� ✗

Can I (etc.) drive?Yes,

I (etc.)can.

No, can’t.

Contraction can’t = cannot

� Use can + infinitive. I can to swim.

� can is the same for all pronouns (I / he, etc.).

� can has two meanings:

3 The time

What’s the time? It’seight o’clock.half past three.

� Use It’s + time.

4 Prepositions of time (1)

in the morning / afternoon / evening.

It opens on Saturday (morning).

at six o’clock.

� Use in for parts of the day, on for days, and at for times.

� Remember: at night.

Grammar file 3

© Oxford University Press

3 Word order in questions Write the questions.Remember Q A S I .

1 Where / live? Where does she live?She lives in Bogota.

2 What / do?She’s a travel agent.

3 What time / start work?

She starts at 8.15 every morning.

4 What time / finish?

She finishes at 7.30 in the evening.

5 What languages / speak?

She speaks Spanish and a little English.

6 How old / be? She’s twenty-six, I think.

4 can / can’t Write the sentences.

1 swim can’t we help Help! We can’t swim.

2 I help can you sir ?

3 food can cook Chinese we

4 open window can please you the ?

5 have can coffee I a white please ?

Grammar check 3

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That’s my friend Marisafrom Colombia.

6 Complete the text.

1 In India, the banks open

2 ten o’clock 3

the morning. They close

4 two p.m. five days a

week and 5 midday

6 Saturdays. They don’t

open 7 Sundays.

It’s a quarter past six.

1 2 3

4 5

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5 What’s the time? Write the answers.

The time

Thomas Okoli fromNigeria

1 Present simple: spelling Write the he / she /it form.

1 worry worries 5 stop

2 go 6 use

3 say 7 have

4 dance 8 be

2 a Questions / Short answers Read andunderline twelve verbs.

I live with my family inLagos, Nigeria. I don’twork. I study computerscience. I want to be acomputer programmer. Inmy free time, I meet myfriends or watch TV. And Ido a lot of sport. I playfootball and I run everyday. I don’t smoke and Idon’t drink alcohol.

b Complete. Use does, doesn’t, don’t, or is.

1 Does he live with his family? Yes, he .

2 he work? No, .

3 he a student?

4 he study mathematics?

5 he want to be a programmer?

6 he do a lot in his free time?

c Write about Thomas. Change from I to he.

He lives with his family in Lagos, Nigeria. He …

English File I

Grammar file 3

1 Possessive pronouns

Subject Object Possessive Possessive pronoun pronoun adjective pronoun

I me my mineyou you your yourshe him his hisshe her her hersit it itswe us our oursthey them their theirs

Whose are these keys? They’re her keys. They’re hers.

✦ Use possessive pronouns to talk about people’s

possessions.

✦ You can use a name + ’s with or without the noun.

It’s Peter’s car. It’s Peter’s.

✦ Remember, don’t use the.

This is mine. This is the mine.

2 Present continuous (future)

( I’m meeting some friends tomorrow evening.

' They aren’t coming to the party on Saturday.

/What are you doing tonight?

✦ Use the present continuous ( + a future time

expression) to talk about future arrangements.

I’m going to the theatre on Friday.

✦ (be) + going to is also possible for future plans.

I’m going to meet some friends tonight.

✦ Remember, we also use the present continuous to talkabout things happening now / at the moment.

3 How long does it take? It takes …

How long does it take to fly from Paris to Lisbon?

(It takes) about three hours (by plane).

How long does it take (you) to get home?

(It takes me) about half an hour (by bus / car).

✦ Use It takes … (+ time) to talk about the duration of ajourney.

✦ Remember: It takes … = general timeIt takes me … = a specific journey

4 Prepositions of movementWe walked along the street past the cinema.

Go up to the seventh floor.

✦ Use a verb of movement + preposition to describemovement.

✦ into and out of are always followed by a noun.Come in. Come into the living-room.He went out last night. He went out of the house.

5 Past continuous( '

I IHe

wasHe

wasn’tShe SheIt

working.It

working.You YouWe were We weren’tThey They

/ &

Was heworking?

Yes, he was. / No, he wasn’t.Were they Yes, they were. / No, they

weren’t.

What were you doing at six o’clock? I was watching TV.It was raining, and we were driving home.

✦ Form the past continuous with was / were + verb + -ing.

✦ Use the past continuous:1 to describe an action in

progress at a specific time in the past.

2 to describe the scene at the beginning of a story.

✦Use the past continuous for an action in progress. Usethe past simple for a short completed action.

It’s my dog.

No, it’s mine.

Friday

7.30 theatre

I was working as a waitress

when I met my boyfriend.

English File 2

© Oxford University Press

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Grammar check 3

1 Possessive pronouns Complete the gaps.

2 Present continuous (future) Write sentences.Use contractions.

1 Where (you go) tonight?

Where are you going tonight?

2 (we fly) to Budapest this weekend

3 (she arrive) tomorrow

4 They (not leave) until 10.00 tonight

5 What (you do) after class?

3 How long does it take? Write questions andanswers.

1 Paris – Dakar 8 days

How long does it take to It takes eightdrive from Paris to Dakar? days.

2 London – New York 7 hours

?

3 Prague – Moscow 3 weeks

?

4 Berlin – Bonn 1 week

?

4 Prepositions of movement Complete with averb and a preposition.

drove flew ran across over roundsailed walked through up

1 He ran up the hill.

2 They the forest.

3 She the bridge.

4 They the lake.

5 I the world.

5 Past continuous

Write sentences in the past continuous.

1 we have lunch We were having lunch.

2 I study

3 it snow

4 you work

5 he drive

Write the verbs in the past or pastcontinuous.

1 I met my husband when I atuniversity. (meet, study)

2 When she it .(get up, rain)

3 When they their friends

for them. (arrive, wait)

4 I dinner when

the phone . (have, ring)

b

S

?

R

S

R

a

Whose dog

is it?

�

�

�

��

1

5

432

‘It’s .’

It’s hers. ‘It’s .’

1 2

3

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5

© Oxford University Press

English File 2

English File 1

© Oxford University Press

1 Adjectives (3)

Adjective Noun

Singular It’s afast

car.

Plural They’re cars.

She’s very tall.They’re quite good-looking.

� Adjectives don’t change. They’re fasts cars.

� Adjectives go before nouns. It’s a car fast.

2 Possessive adjectives (2)

I myyou yourhe hisshe her

it its Rome is famous for its history.

we our We love our dogs.

they their Their sister is beautiful.

� Possessive adjectives don’t change.Their daughters are tall. Theirs daughters …

� your (s.) and your (pl.) are the same.

3 have got

�+ �_

I (etc.) ’vegot a phone.

I (etc.) haven’t got a phone.

He (etc.) ’s He (etc.) hasn’t

�? �� ✗

Have I (etc.)got a phone?

have.

Has he (etc.)

Yes,you (etc.)

haven’t.

No,he (etc.)

has.hasn’t.

Contractions ’ve = have ’s = hashaven’t = have not hasn’t = has not

Word order in questions

Verb have Subject got

Has she got a car?

How many sisters have you got?

� Use have got for things / people.

4 Possessive ’s

� Use ’s with people. He’s the boyfriend of my sister.

� Use s’ with plurals. It’s my parent’s house.

� Use of with things. the film’s end

5 some / any

I’ve got three stamps.I’ve got some stamps. (= we don’t know how many)

�+ some I’ve got some aspirins.

�– any I haven’t got any stamps.

�? any Have you got any envelopes?

� some = not an exact number.

� Use some / any + plural nouns.

� Use any in �– and �? .

6 like / love / hate + (verb)-ing

Infinitive (verb)-ing Spelling

cook I like cooking.+ ing

study She hates studying.

dance We love dancing. e + ing

swim They love swimming.1 vowel + 1 consonant➝ double consonant

� Use verb + -ing after like, love, and hate.

7 The letter s in English

1 Verb beHe’s Italian.

(he / she / it form)

2 Verb have gotHe’s got two children.

(he / she / it form)

3 Plural noun Their names are Carla and Niki.

4 Possessive ’s His wife’s name is Alessandra.

5 Present simple He lives in Milan.

(he / she / it form)

� Remember five grammatical uses for s in English.

Grammar file 4

© Oxford University Press

Grammar check 4

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4 Possessive ’s Write sentences.

1 house (his friend) It’s his friend’s house.

2 husband (Julia)? Is he ?

3 girlfriend (my brother)

She’s .4 cats (your aunt)?

Are they ?5 children (the president)

They’re .

5 some / any Complete.

1 They’ve got some new books to read.

2 We haven’t got clean cups.

3 I need new shoes.

4 They’ve got nice friends.

5 Has Greg got brothers or sisters?

6 She knows lovely places in Austria.

6 like / love / hate + (verb)-ing �or ✗ ?Correct the sentences.

I love I like I don’t like I hate

1 Lou likes shopping and driving.

✘ He hates shopping.

2 He loves eating in restaurants.

3 He doesn’t like going to the cinema.

4 He doesn’t like swimming.

5 He hates writing letters.

6 He likes cycling.

1 Adjectives Write sentences.

1 day (beautiful) It’s a beautiful day.

2 friends (old) They’re old friends.

3 flat (modern) It .

4 restaurant (expensive)

5 shoes (dirty)

6 town (famous)

2 Possessive adjectives Complete.

1 She lives with her brother and sister.

2 We live with children.

3 Do you live with family?

4 Do they live with parents?

5 France is famous for cheese.

3 a have got Write sentences. Use contractions.

1 he / video camera � He’s got a video camera.

2 she / video �

3 they / fax �

4 we / new computer �

5 I / mountain bike �

b Write questions with have got and a, an, orany. Write the answer.

1 / he? �

Has he got any cigarettes? Yes, he has.

2 / you? ✘

3 / she? �

4 / you? �

5 / he? ✘

English File I

4 some… / any… / nobody, etc.

( / and ' ' and as subject

People somebody anybody nobodysomeone anyone no one

Things something anything nothing

Places somewhere anywhere nowhere

✦ Use somebody / anything / nowhere when you don’t

know exactly who / what / where.

✦ in + use some…

✦ in ? and * use any…��� in * short answers, and as the subject, use no…,etc.Who’s in the bathroom? Nobody.Nobody’s in the bathroom.

✦ Remember, (some)body and (some)one mean the

same.

Grammar file 4

1 Comparative adjectives, as … as

San Francisco is cheaper than London.New York is more / less dangerous than LA.

Restaurants are(n’t) as expensive as in London.The service is much / a bit better.

✦ To compare people, places, and things, use:1 a comparative adjective + than2 (not) as + adjective + as

✦ Use much (+ comparative) for a big difference, a bit

(+ comparative) for a small difference.

2 Comparative adverbs

Adverb Comparative adverb

Regular quickly more / less quicklyIrregular fast faster

hard harderwell betterbadly worsea lot morea little less

Women drive more slowly than men.Men drive faster than women.

✦ To compare two actions use a comparative

adverb + than.

3 First conditional

will / won’t

( '

I IYou ’ll miss the train. You won’t catch it.etc. etc.

/ &

Will you tell him? Yes, I will. / No, I won’t.

Contractions ’ll = will won’t = will not

✦ Use will / won’t + infinitive for all persons.

If … + will / won’t

If you don’t work, you won’t pass the exam.She’ll miss the train if she doesn’t hurry.

✦ Make the first conditional with if + present simple

and will / won’t + infinitive. The if-phrase can

come first or second.

✦ Use the first conditional to talk about a possible

future situation.

5 Superlative adjectives

Adjective Comparative Superlative Spelling

tall taller the tallesthappy happier the happiest

+ est

modern more modern the most modern+ the most

expensive more expensive the most expensive

good better the bestirregular

bad worse the worst

Everest is the highest mountain in the world.French champagne is the most expensive.

✦ Use superlative adjectives to say that someone or something

is the biggest / tallest in a group.

✦ Use the + est or most to make superlative adjectives.

Somebody’s in the

bathroom.

Is anybody in the

bathroom?

There isn’t

anybody in the

bathroom.

English File 2

© Oxford University Press

1 Comparative adjectives Cross out the wrongform.

1 Chicago is violenter / more violent than SanFrancisco.

2 London isn’t as expensive as / than Paris.3 The train is cheaper as / than the plane.4 China is much / more bigger than Vietnam.5 English is more easy / easier than Japanese.6 It’s much / much more polluted here.

2 Comparative adverbs Write sentences.

1 my father / me (work hard)

My father works harder than me.

2 my mother / my father (drive careful)

3 I / my husband (speak French well)

4 women / men (live long)

5 you / me (eat quick)

3 First conditional Write the verbs in thecorrect tense.

1 It’ll be quicker if we get a taxi. (be, get)

2 If she me I her. (phone,tell)

3 He you if you him. (help,ask)

4 If you now you late. (notgo, be)

5 We a picnic if the weather good. (have, be)

4 some… / any… / no… Complete with theright word.

anybody anything nobody nothing something somewhere

1 Did you do anything last night?

No, special.

2 She’d like to go nice this evening.

3 They didn’t meet they knew atthe party.

4 We didn’t know because told us.

5 I want to tell you important.

5 Superlative adjectives Complete thesentences.

1 The Americans drive the biggest cars in theworld. (big)

2 The Scots make whisky.(good)

3 The Germans drink beer.(more)

4 The Italians wear clothes. (stylish)

5 The British drink coffee.(bad)

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Grammar check 4

1

2 3

54

© Oxford University Press

English File 2

English File 1

© Oxford University Press

1 Present simple: routines

She gets up at 7.30 every day. Then she has a shower.We have dinner at 6.00. After that we watch TV.

� Use the present simple for things you do every day / week, etc.

� Remember: After that we … / After dinner we … After we watch TV.

2 No article

have breakfast / lunch / dinner

goto work / school / bed

Iget

at 7.00.start

work / schoolfinish

go home

� Don’t use the with have (breakfast / lunch, etc.). I have the dinner.

� Don’t use the with verbs + work / school / bed. I go to the bed.

� Don’t use the or to with go home. I go to the home.

� Don’t use the when you speak about things in general. I like music. I like the music.

3 Expressions of frequency

Adverbs

always 100%

usually

Ioften

have breakfast.sometimeshardly evernever 0%

Adverb Verb

I never go to the cinema.What time do you usually finish work?

� Adverbs of frequency go before the verb.

� Adverbs of frequency go after be. He always is tired.

How often …?

How often do youcook?

go to the theatre?

once day.twice week.

(about)three times

amonth.

I cook four times year.I go to the theatre

everyevening.day.week, etc.

� Use once / twice. one time / two times

4 have or have got ?

Things / People

I have / don’t have a car.I’ve got / haven’t got two children.

Activities

I have / don’t havebreakfast

at 6.00.a shower

� Use have or have got for things / people. (Do you have …? = Have you got …?)

� Use only have for activities. I’ve got a shower at 6.00.

5 Prepositions of time (2)

in on at

the morning Monday (morning) six o’clockthe afternoon 1st May nightthe evening lunchtimeDecember Christmasthe summer the weekend

� Use in for parts of the day, months, and seasons.

� Use on for days and dates.

� Use at for times of the day and festivals.

Grammar file 5

© Oxford University Press

Grammar check 5

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2 Articles Complete with the or nothing (–).

1 She usually leaves – home at eight.

2 Gabriel likes cooking.

3 They work in centre of Barcelona.

4 We usually have breakfast together.

5 They often go to bed early.

6 In July, I go to beach every day.

3 Expressions of frequency Write sentences.

1 often I forget names

I often forget names.

2 come to doesn’t class he usually

He doesn’t usually come to class.

3 Sergei exercise any never does

4 work day every does Tessa ?

5 once we play week golf a

6 birthdays always do you remember ?

4 have / have got Change from have to have got.Use contractions.

1 We don’t have a mountain bike.We haven’t got

2 He has a microwave.

3 Do they have a car? Yes, they do.

Yes, they .

4 He doesn’t have any problems.

5 I have some American friends.

5 Prepositions of time Write in, on, at, ornothing (–).

1 in the morning 7 the weekend

2 Tuesday 8 Tuesday night

3 6.30 9 dinner-time

4 March 10 midnight

5 tonight 11 this evening

6 next lesson 12 tomorrow night

He usually gets up at seven and has coffee and a

piece of toast for breakfast. After ...

b Look at Colin’s answers. Write the questions.Remember Q A S I !

1 What / for breakfast? What do you have forbreakfast? Coffee and toast.

2 When / shower?

After breakfast.

3 How / to work?

By bus.

4 What time / lunch?

At one o’clock.

5 What / after work?

I go shopping.

6 What time / home?

About six forty-five.

1 a Present simple: routines Write aboutColin Willis.

‘I usually at and

and for breakfast. After breakfast, I

and then I go to work .

I get to work at . I work until

and then I . I start again at

and finish at . I before I go

. I get home at about .

I at about . After dinner, I

sometimes go out for a but I

usually just stay at home and .

I before . My life isn’t

very exciting.’

English File I

Grammar file 5

1 Present perfect + for / since

How long have you lived in this flat?

I’ve lived here for fifteen years.

I’ve lived here since I was eighteen.

✦ Use the present perfect to talk about actions whichstarted in the past and are still true now.I’ve known him for ten years. ��� I know him for ten years.

✦ To answer the question How long …? use:for + a period of time: for three yearssince + a fixed point of time: since 1992 /April

✦ Remember the difference between the present perfectand the past simple.I’ve been a teacher for three years. = I’m a teacher now.I was a teacher for three years. = I’m not a teacher now.

2 Verb + to + infinitiveI want to go to bed early.Would you like to go out tonight?He’s hoping to buy a new car.They decided to go to France.

✦ Use to + infinitive after these verbs:want need would like hopetry decide plan

I’d like to be a doctor.I like going to the cinema.

✦ Remember the difference:Use would like + to + infinitive to talk about what youwant to do now or in the future.Use like + verb + -ing to talk generally about what youlike / don’t like.

3 so / because

Reason ResultIt was raining. I took my umbrella.

It was raining so I took my umbrella.I took my umbrella because it was raining.I was tired. So I went to bed.

✦ Use so and because to connect reason with result.

✦ because answers the question Why …?

4 had to / didn’t have to

( and '

IYouHe had to get up early yesterday.She didn’t have to leave the city.ItWeThey

/

Did you have to get up early?

&

Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.

✦ Use had to + infinitive to talk about past obligations.

5 Questions with / without auxiliariesWhat novel did Boris Pasternak write in 1957?

Pasternak = subject

Who wrote Dr Zhivago?

Who (question word) = subject

✦ Remember the normal order for questions (QASI). Inthese questions, the question word is not the subject.

�Q uestion �A uxiliary �S ubject �I nfinitive

What novel did Pasternak write?

✦ If a question word (Who, etc.) is the subject of theverb, don’t use do / does / did.Who painted Guernica? ��� Who did paint Guernica?

I’ve been up here for 431 days …

… but I’d really like to get down.

English File 2

© Oxford University Press

1 Present perfect + for / since Write for orsince.

1 for two years

2 I was a child

3 September

4 half an hour

5 1996

6 a long time

Write sentences for pictures 1 to 5 with forand since. Use contractions.

1 He’s been on the island for 20 years.

2 They

3 He

4 She

5 They

Write How long …? questions for pictures 1to 5.

1 How long has he been on the island?

2

3

4

5

c

b

a 2 Verbs + to + infinitive Complete with thecorrect verb.

be change have study go out

1 He’s decided to change his job.

2 I’m tired. I don’t want today.

3 We’re planning a party next weekend.

4 To pass the exam, you need harder.

5 Would you like a teacher?

Write the verb in the correct form.

1 He likes cooking. (cook)

2 Would you like rich? (be)

3 I’d like abroad. (work)

4 Do you like ? (swim)

5 I don’t like in the city. (drive)

3 so / because Complete with the right word.

1 You missed the beginning of the film becauseyou were late.

2 She was ill she didn’t go to work.

3 We had champagne it was my birthday.

4 They needed to relax they went onholiday.

5 He bought a book he wanted to learn Arabic.

4 had to / didn’t have to Complete with theright form.

1 Did you have to wear a uniform at school?(you)

2 A bus came after five minutes so wait long. (we)

3 work late yesterday. We were very busy. (I)

4 get up early yesterday? (he)

5 pay for their flight. Their companypaid. (they)

5 Questions with / without auxiliaries Cross out the wrong form.

1 What happened / did happen?2 Who lives / does live in that flat?3 What means this word / does this word mean?4 What film saw you / did you see?5 Who went / did go to the party?

b

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Grammar check 5

54 yearsNovember

10 years

20 years 19901 2

4 5

3

have / her motorbike

work / here

be / on the island

be / married

live / in their house

© Oxford University Press

English File 2

English File 1

© Oxford University Press

1 Object pronouns

I me Listen to me.

you you I love you.

he him She hates him.

she her This is Jane. I work with her.

it it Do you like it?

we us Please give us more money.

you you See you tomorrow!

they them What do you think of them?

� There are eight object pronouns: me, you, etc.

� Put the object pronoun after the verb / verb + preposition. I hate you. I you hate.

2 There is / are + a / an / some / any

Singular

�+ There’s a lamp

�– There isn’t an ashtray on the table.

�? Is there a vase

�� ✗ Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t.

Plural

�+ There are some photos

�– There aren’t any books on the table.

�? Are there any bananas

�� ✗ Yes, there are. / No, there aren’t.

� Use a / an + a singular noun.

� Use some + plural nouns in �+ .

� Use any + plural nouns in �? and �– .

Grammar file 6

3 Verb be : past simple

�+

I / He / She / It wasat home last night.

We / You / They were

�–

I (etc.) wasn’tat work yesterday.

We (etc.) weren’t

�?

Was I (etc.)in class yesterday?

Were you (etc.)

�� ✗

Yes,I (etc.) was.

No,I (etc.) wasn’t

you (etc.) were. you (etc.) weren’t.

Contractions wasn’t = was not weren’t = were not

� There are only two forms: was and were.

� Present to past: am / is ➝ was, are ➝ were.He is at home today. ➝ He was at home last night.

Word order in questions

Verb Subject

Was he in bed last night?

Where were you yesterday?

� Put the verb before the subject in questions.

4 There was / were

Singular

�+ There was a lamp

�– There wasn’t an ashtray on the table.

�? Was there a vase

�� ✗ Yes, there was. / No, there wasn’t.

Plural

�+ There were some photos

on the table.�– There weren’t any books

�? Were there any bananas

�� ✗ Yes, there were. / No, there weren’t.

� Present to past: There is / are ➝ There was / were.

�

�

© Oxford University Press

Grammar check 6

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1 Pronouns Complete with object pronouns.

1 Bye! See you on Monday.

2 ‘Why do you drink black tea?’

‘Because I like !’

3 ‘What do you think of politicians?’

‘I hate .’

4 ‘We’ve got a problem. Can you help ?’

‘Sorry, I’m busy now. Can you come and see

this afternoon?’

5 ‘Does Peter love Maria?’

‘Yes. He wants to marry but she

doesn’t love .’

2 a There is / are + a / some / any Complete.

Singular Plural

� There’s a TV. There are some CDs.

� There isn’t a chair. chairs.

? sofa? Are there any sofas?

b Write sentences.

1 / shelves behind / desk �

There are some shelves behind the desk.

2 / radios in / window �

3 / plants on / shelves �

4 / people in / window ?

1

3

2

5

4

3 a Verb be : past simple Where were theyyesterday? Write sentences.

1 He was at work. 4 home.

2 bed. 5 garden.

3 park.

b Complete with was / wasn’t or were / weren’t.

1 ‘Was it your birthday last week?’

‘Yes, it .’

2 ‘ you at home last Wednesday?’

‘No, I .’

3 ‘Where your brother last month?’

‘He in Lisbon.’

4 ‘ your parents at the party?’

‘No, they .’

5 ‘Where you this morning?’

‘I at the dentist’s.’

4 There was / were Complete with the right

form, � , � , or ? .

1 I’m sorry we’re late. There was a lot of traffic.

2 ‘ a football match on TV last

night?’ ‘No, .’

3 ‘ a lot of guests at the

wedding?’ ‘Yes, about threehundred people.’

4 ‘ a photo of you in the paperyesterday!’

5 three letters for you this

morning but any postcards.

6 many students in class lastFriday. Only two!

English File I

1 The gerund (verb + -ing)I don’t mind washing-up but I hate ironing.I’m afraid of flying.Smoking is bad for your health.

✦ Use the gerund:1 after verbs of feeling:

like, love, hate, enjoy, mind, preferI love shopping.

2 after prepositionsI’m good at cooking.

3 as the subject of a sentenceSwimming is the best form of exercise.

✦ Remember:I like travelling. ��� I’d like to go to Australia.

2 Describing people (look / look like)

He looks friendly.

She looks like her sister.

✦ Use look + adjective. Use look like + noun.

✦ Use look / look like to describe the impression aperson gives you.

✦ Remember the difference.

What does he look like? He’s tall, with blue eyes.

= appearance

What’s he like? He’s quite shy but he’s very nice.

= personality / appearance

Grammar file 6

3 QuantitiesI’ve got a lot of books, but I haven’t got many CDs, andI’ve only got a few tapes.They drank a lot of wine, not much beer, and very littlelemonade.

How much coke did they drink? How many crisps didthey eat?Were there many people? Was there much noise?

There was a lot of noise. There were lots of children.

✦ For large quantities

For small quantities

✦ A lot of food words are U but the containers are C.How much coke did they drink? ��� How many cans of coke …?

4 too, too much / many, (not) enough

I don’t want to go out. I’m too tired.I’m stressed. I’ve got too much work.There are too many chairs in this room.

✦ To say there’s more than you need, use:too + adjectivetoo much + U nounstoo many + C nouns

✦ too, too much / many have a negative meaning. My house is very big. (It’s got five bedrooms.)My house is too big. (I’d like a smaller one.)

Have you got enough money?The table isn’t big enough for six people.There isn’t enough food for everybody.

✦ enough = all that you need

✦ Use enough after an adjective but before a noun.

5 one / ones

Which bag do you prefer, the blue one or the red one?Which shoes are you going to buy? The cheap ones?

✦ Use adjective + one / ones in place of adjective + noun.the blue car = the blue one ��� The blue.

Ah, he looks like his father.

( a lot / lots of a lot / lots of

' (not) many (not) much

/ How many …? How much …?

a few / very few a little / very little

English File 2

© Oxford University Press

1 Gerund and Infinitive Write the gerund.

1 be being

2 hope

3 fly

4 listen

5 run

6 work

7 study

8 write

Put the verbs into the correct form.

1 I hate cycling (cycle) to work every day.

I want to buy (buy) a motorbike.

2 My son’s very good at

(ski). He’d like (be) a

ski instructor.

3 I know you don’t like

(do) your homework, but you have

(do) it if you want

(pass) your exams.

4 (find) a good job is

really hard. You need

(have) a lot of luck.

5 We enjoy (travel) to

different places. Next summer we’ve decided

(go) to Iceland.

2 look / look like Complete with a form of look / look like.

1 She looks like her sister.

2 They’re very fair – they Swedish.

3 He doesn’t veryintelligent.

4 People say I BarbaraStreisand.

5 André about 40, buthe’s only 25.

6 He’s very tall – he abasketball player.

b

a 3 Quantifiers Write questions and answers.

(How) much / many a lot a little a few

1 How many potatoes are there?

A lot.

2 ?

3 ?

4 ?

5 ?

4 too, too much / many, (not) enough Correctthe mistake in each sentence.

1 People drive too much fast.

2 This room isn’t enough big.

3 There were too much people.

4 Hong Kong’s too much crowded.

5 There isn’t time enough.

6 There’s too many traffic.

5 one / ones Complete with an adjective + one / ones.

brown cheaper German old short

1 This is too expensive. I’d like a cheaper one.

2 I don’t like the black shoes. I prefer the

.3 Do you prefer the modern flat or the

?4 Which one’s your brother, the tall one or the

?5 Don’t buy the English sausages! Get the

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Grammar check 6

© Oxford University Press

English File 2

English File 1

© Oxford University Press

2 Past simple

�+ Regular verbs

Present Past Spelling

watch watched+ ed

play played

live lived+ d

I smoke I smoked

stop stopped1 vowel + 1 consonant ➝ double consonant

study studied consonant + y ➝ ied

Pronunciation

voiced (e.g. play) /d/ played lived studied

unvoiced (e.g. watch) /t/ watched kissed stopped

ending /t/ and /d/ /Id/ wanted needed painted

(e.g. want / need)

�+ Irregular verbs

Present Past

I go I wentI have I hadI meet I metI see I saw

� Verbs are only irregular in �+ .

�– Regular and irregular verbs

I (etc.) didn’tsee a film

yesterday.arrive

�? �� ✗

Did I (etc.)see a film

yesterday?Yes,

I (etc.)did.

arrive No, didn’t.

Contraction didn’t = did not

� Use didn’t + infinitive in negatives. I didn’t saw a film.

� Use did + infinitive in questions. Did you saw …?

Word order in questions

�Q uestion �A uxiliary �S ubject �I nfinitive

Did you go out last night?

Who did they go with?

What did Pam do?

� Remember: word order = �A �S �I and �Q �A �S �I� Present simple GRAMMAR FILE 3

3 Past time expressions

He went to the USA

yesterday (afternoon).this morning, etc.last night / week / month / year.in 1989.two years ago.

� Don’t use the. the last year

� Time expressions can go at the beginning or end of a sentence.

Grammar file 7

1 Present to past

Present simple Past simple

�+ I / You / We / They workworked

He / She / It works

�– I (etc.) don’t work for IBM.

I (etc.)

didn’t work for IBM.He (etc.) doesn’t

�? Do you (etc.) work Did you (etc.) work

What time does the film finish? What time did the film finish?

� The past simple is the same for all personal pronouns (I / he, etc.). � Use did in �? and didn’t in �– .

© Oxford University Press

Grammar check 7

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4 How there? By plane.

5 How long ? Four days.

6 Where ? In a five-starhotel.

7 any photos? Yes, I took alot of photos.

8 a good time? Yes, I had agreat time!

5 Regular and irregular verbs Complete withthe verbs in the past.

(not) be cannot drive see get(not) have play read stay watch look

1 We stayed at home last night but we didn’t

television. We somecomputer games.

2 I saw all The Godfather films and I the book.

3 We 30 km to a famous restaurant but

we a very good meal.

4 She for her keys but she findthem.

5 He a taxi. Luckily it veryexpensive.

6 Past time expressions Match the sentencehalves.

1 They worked in Sicily for c

2 She was born thirty years

3 We travelled to China in

4 They got a new car

5 Leonardo da Vinci was born on

6 I didn’t do very much last

7 You spoke to her at

a 1994.b April 15th, 1452.c fifteen years.d night.e yesterday.f half past eleven.g ago.

.............................................................

.............................................................

1 Present to past Complete.

Present Past

a We live in Jakarta. We lived in Jakarta.

b He lives in a flat. He in a flat.

c They don’t need it. They need it.

d She doesn’t speak She speakFrench. French.

e you have you havelunch? lunch?

f What she do? What she do?

Study tip

☛ Compare tenses Study the chart. Which hasmore forms? Present simple / Past simple.

2 Regular verbs: spelling Write the verbs in thepast tense.

call called close love

stop try wash

work worry

3 Irregular verbs Complete.

Infinitive Past tense Negative

1 can could couldn’t

2 get didn’t get

3 went didn’t

4 didn’t have

5 leave didn’t

6 didn’t meet

7 read didn’t

8 didn’t say

9 see didn’t

10 take didn’t

4 Questions Complete the questions.Remember Q A S I !

1 Where did you go? Bali.

2 Who with? I went alone.

3 Why there? On business.

�

�

?

English File I

Grammar file 7

1 Present perfect + yet / already

Have you had breakfast yet?No, I haven’t had it yet.Yes, I’ve already had it.

✦ Use yet in * sentences and ?.Use already in + sentences.

✦ Put yet at the end of the sentence.Put already before the main verb.

✦ Use yet to ask if someone has done something or tosay that someone hasn’t done something.Use already to emphasize that someone has donesomething.

2 Present perfect + just

✦ Use just + present perfect in + sentences to say thatsomething happened very recently.

✦ Put just before the main verb.

3 Why …? To + infinitive / For + noun

✦ Use to + verb (infinitive) or for + noun to answer thequestion Why …?

✦ Compare Because + subject + verb.Why did he go to the bank? (Because he wanted) to get some money.

✦ Don’t use for with to + infinitive.I came here to learn English. ��� … for to learn …

4 should / shouldn’t (advice / opinion)I can’t sleep at night. What should I do?

You should see a doctor.You shouldn’t drink coffee.

I don’t think people under 18 should drive cars.

✦ should / shouldn’t + infinitive is the same for allpersons.

✦ Use should / shouldn’t + infinitive to give advice /your opinion.

5 Phrasal verbsTurn on the light. It’s dark in here. Turn it on.It’s hot. Can I take off my jacket? Can I take it off?

✦ A phrasal verb = verb + particle (preposition or adverb) with a new meaning.Turn up the TV. = make the TV louder

✦ With most phrasal verbs, if the object is a noun, youcan put the object between the verb and the particle.Put on your coat. �� Put your coat on.

✦ When the object is a pronoun it always goes betweenthe verb and the particle.Put it on. ��� Put on it.

She’s looking after my cat. She’s looking after it.I’m looking for my keys. I’m looking for them.

✦ Remember, with some phrasal verbs the object alwaysgoes after the particle, e.g. look after, / look for.

I went to Ireland.

I went there to see some friends.I went there for a holiday.

Why did you go there?

I’ve just arrived. Can you pick me up?

English File 2

© Oxford University Press

1 Present perfect + yet / already Writesentences with already or yet.

1 she / post the letters

She’s already posted the letters.

2 Jim / arrive?

3 I / do my homework

4 the film / not start

5 my parents / go to work

6 you / have lunch?

7 Michelle / leave

2 Present perfect + just Complete with just +present perfect.

1 Would you like some coffee? No thanks, I’ve just had some. (have)

2 Congratulations! We the good news. (hear)

3 Have you done your homework yet?

Yes, I it. (finish)

4 I’m going to the hospital to see my sister.

She an operation.(have)

5 I Robert. He doesn’tlook very well. (see)

6 You’re too late for the last bus.

It . (go)

3 Why ...? to + infinitive, for + noun Completewith to or for.

1 We went to their house for a drink.

2 We’re going to Australia see mybrother.

3 I’m learning English my work.

4 I went to the travel agent’s book myticket.

5 She bought a new dress wear at thewedding.

6 They’re going to Tunisia a holiday.

4 should / shouldn’t (advice / opinion) Giveadvice for pictures 1 to 5 using should / shouldn’t and an expression from the list.

go to bed late tell the policelook for another onesend her some flowers smoke

1 You should look for another one.

2

3

4

5

5 Phrasal verbs Complete with the words.

after away back out up down

1 Take that cassette back to the shop – it’s broken.

2 Look these words in a dictionary.

3 I’m going out. Look your little brother.

4 He took his wallet to pay for the meal.

5 Turn the radio . It’s too loud.

6 Throw that rubbish .

Rewrite sentences 1 to 6 with a pronoun (it / him / them).

1 Take it back to the shop.

2

3

4

5

6

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Grammar check 7

1 2

3

45

I want to be healthy.

I hate my job. I’ve lost my passport.

It’s my girlfriend’s

birthday on Saturday.

I’ve got an exam

tomorrow.

© Oxford University Press

English File 2

English File 1

© Oxford University Press

1 Present continuous

�+

I ’m

You / We / They ’re studying.

He / She / It ’s

�–

I ’m not

You / We / They aren’t studying.

He / She / It isn’t

�?

Am I

Are you / we / they studying?

Is he / she / it

�� ✗

Yes,

I am. I’m not.

we are. No, we aren’t.

she is. she isn’t.

� Spelling of -ing form.� like / love / hate + (verb)-ing GRAMMAR FILE 4

Word order in questions

Verb be Subject -ing form

Is he cleaning the house?

What are they doing?

� Put the verb be before the subject in questions.

2 Simple or continuous?

Present simple Present continuous

My sister works in a bank. Today she’s working at home.

I always have breakfast at 7.00. It’s 7.00 now. I’m havingbreakfast.

� Use the present simple for things you do every day / week / year, etc.

� Use the present continuous for things you are doing now.

Grammar file 8

3 Future plans: (be) going to …

�+

I ’m

You (etc.) ’re going to buy a car.

He (etc.) ’s

�–

I ’m not

You (etc.) aren’t going to buy a car.

He (etc.) isn’t

�?

Am I

Are you (etc.) going to buy a car?

Is he (etc.)

�� ✗

I am. I’m not.

Yes, she is. No, she isn’t.

we are. we aren’t.

What are you going to do next weekend?I’m going to (go to) Bucharest next year.

� Use (be) going to + infinitive for future plans.

� With the verb go you don’t need to say go twice.

4 Future time expressions

today / tonight.this morning / afternoon /evening.

We’re going to get marriedtomorrow (morning, etc.).next week / month / summer / year.

� Time expressions can go at the beginning or end of a sentence. � Past time expressions GRAMMAR FILE 7

5 it

What time is it? It’s 11.30. It’s late.It’s 12th January. It’s Friday. It’s my birthday.It’s hot today. It rained yesterday.

� Use it for times, dates, and weather.

�

�

© Oxford University Press

Grammar check 8

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3 a (be) going to … Complete the sentences.

1 I’m going to run a marathon tomorrow. �

2 We get a microwave. �

3 you retire soon? ?

4 They come next summer. �

5 he help you? ?

6 She do her homeworktonight. �

b Write the questions. Use contractions.

1 they going when married to are get ?

When are they going to get married?

2 is to what she the going wear wedding to ?

3 what you going give to are them ?

4 where to they going that go are after ?

2 Present simple or present continuous?Choose the correct tense.

1 a Do you readthis exercise now?

b Are you reading

2 a They don’t watchTV very often.

b They aren’t watching

3 a I don’t lookfor a new job.

b I’m not looking

4 a What do you wearat work?

b What are you wearing

4 Future time expressions Match the sentencehalves.

1 Are you going to study at d

2 He’s going to South America next

3 Are we going to the cinema

4 She isn’t going to meet us tomorrow

5 They aren’t going to work in

a the summer.b evening.c month.d the weekend?e tonight?

5 it Complete with it + verb be (past or present).

1 Is it raining?

No, .

2 very hot last weekend.

Yes, but going to be cold next week.

3 What’s the time?

a quarter to seven.

Oh, no! very late. Let’s go.

4 on the phone.

Who 5 to?

6 to her bank

manager.

7 .

Why 8 ?

Because 9

onions.

1 He’s checking in at the airport.

Where 2 to?

3 to Hawaii.

1 Present continuous What are they doing? Complete the sentencesand questions. Use the verbs.

check in fly (x 2) talk (x 3) cry (x 2) cut

1 2 3

English File I

1 Echo questionsHana smokes. Does she?I didn’t enjoy it. Didn’t you?I’ll help you. Will you?

✦ Make echo questions with the auxiliary verb + the subject pronoun.

✦ Use echo questions to show interest and surprise.

2 So / Neither do I., I do / don’t., etc.

Agree Disagree

I love football. So do I. I don’t.I played yesterday. So did I. I didn’t.

I don’t like tennis. Neither do I. I do.I’m not a good player. Neither am I. I am.

✦ To agree:Use So + auxiliary + subject pronoun to agree with a+ sentence.Use Neither + auxiliary + subject pronoun to agreewith a * sentence.

✦ To disagree:Use subject + * auxiliary to disagree with a +sentence.Use subject + + auxiliary to disagree with a *sentence.

3 Uses of will

1 Offers of help Shall I carry your bags?I’ll open the door for you.

2 Promises We won’t be late.I’ll always love you.

3 Unplanned decisions I’ll have the steak, please.I’ll do it now.

4 Predictions I think Liverpool will win.I don’t think I’ll enjoy it.

✦ Remember the four uses of will / won’t + infinitive.

✦ Use Shall I / we …? for offers.Shall I open the window? ��� Will I …

✦ Remember:can ➝ will / won’t be able ��� I will canthere is / are ➝ there will be (there’ll be)

4 The passive

( ' /

Present Rice is grown It isn’t grown Is it grownin China. in Germany. in France?

Cars are made They aren’t Are they madein Brazil. made in Monaco. in Korea?

Past Paper was It wasn’t When was itinvented by the invented by the invented?Chinese. Greeks.

The pyramids They weren’t Were they were built by built by the built by the the Egyptians. English. Pharaohs?

✦ Make the present passive with am / is / are + pastparticiple.

✦ Make the past passive with was / were + pastparticiple.

✦ Use the preposition by to say who did the action.

✦ Use the passive when we aren’t interested in who doesthe action.

✦ The passive is quite formal. We use it more in writingthan speaking.

5 must / mustn’t + infinitive

( You must go to bed.

' She mustn’t go to work.

/ How many tablets must I take?

✦ must / mustn’t + infinitive is the same for all persons.

✦ Use must / mustn’t for strong advice and obligation.

Grammar file 8

No, he hasn’t. And neither have I.

Haven’t you?

I’ve worked here for twenty-five years and

I’ve never been ill in my life.

English File 2

© Oxford University Press

1 Echo questions Write echo questions.

1 My brother’s a pilot. Is he?

2 They’ve got a lot of money.

3 I don’t like horror films.

4 He lives with his parents.

5 I can’t use a computer.

6 I wouldn’t like to be famous.

7 They got married last week.

8 I’ll help you.

2 So / Neither (do) I., I do / don’t.

Complete B’s sentences.

1 I like coffee. So do I, especially cappuccino.

2 I went out last night. I didn’t. I stayed at home.

3 I haven’t got a car.

have I. We’ll have to walk.

4 I’d like a drink.

So I. I’m very thirsty.

5 I can’t ski.

I . I’m quite good.

6 I don’t like Sally.

I. I think she’s awful.

7 I’m tired.

I. Really tired.

8 I like Indian food.

I . I think it’s too hot.

3 The passive Write the verbs in the passive(present or past).

1 The Coliseum was built by the Romans.(build)

2 English is spoken all over the world. (speak)

3 Cocoa to makechocolate. (use)

4 When computers ?(invent)

5 Datsun cars in Japan.(make)

6 I to their party lastweek. (not invite)

4 Uses of will

Match the sentences 1 to 5 and pictures A to E.

1 I’ll get you an aspirin.

2 I think Newcastle’ll win today.

3 They’re perfect. I’ll take them.

4 I won’t forget you. I’ll write!

5 Shall I turn the music down?

Match sentences 1 to 5 to their use.

a promise an offer of help and

an unplanned decision a prediction

5 must / mustn’t + infinitive Complete.

1 You must see the film. It’s wonderful!

2 You drink and drive.

3 You tell anybody. It’s a secret.

4 You be here at 6.00. It’s veryimportant.

5 You hitchhike alone. It’s verydangerous.

6 You come and visit me soon.

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Grammar check 8

A

B C

D E

© Oxford University Press

English File 2

English File 1

© Oxford University Press

1 Comparative adjectives + than

Adjective Comparative Spelling

1 old older1 syllable + er

cheap cheaper

2 big bigger 1 vowel + 1 consonant hot hotter ➝ double consonant

3 happy happierconsonant + y ➝ ier

easy easier

4 famous more famous 2 or more syllables ➝expensive less expensive more / less + adjective

5 good betterirregular

bad worse

I’m taller than my brother.My English is better than my Spanish.

� Use comparative adjectives + than to compare things.

2 Predictions: (be) going to …

� Use (be) + going to + infinitive for predictions (= we can see what’s going to happen in the future).

� Form of (be) going to …� Future plans GRAMMAR FILE 8

3 Adverbs of manner

Adjective Adverb Spelling

bad badly+ ly

careful carefully

easy easilyconsonant + y ➝ ily

angry angrily

good wellirregular

fast fast

He eats quickly.I speak French well.

� Adverbs describe verbs.

� Adverbs usually go after the verb / verb + noun I speak well French.

4 Countable / uncountable nouns

� There are two kinds of noun in English: countable (C) and uncountable (U).

� C = things you can count, U = things you can’t count. a rice / two butters

a / an / some / any

�+ I’d like

an onion. (C)�– I don’t want

a tomato. (C)

�? Do you need

�+ I’d like some

coffee. (U)We need potatoes. (C)

�– We don’t needany

butter.We haven’t got bananas.

�? Have you got anyrice?oranges?

� Use a / an + C singular nouns.

� Use some + C plural nouns and U nouns in �+ .

� Use any + C plural nouns and U nouns in �? and �–

� Remember: use some in questions to offer or ask

for things.Would you like some coffee?Can I have some water, please?

How much …? / How many …?

How muchcoffeemoney

do you want?

How manypotatoescups of coffee

� Use How much …? + U nouns.

� Use How many …? + C plural nouns.

a lot of

I eat a lot of bananas.She drinks a lot of coffee.

� Use a lot of with C and U nouns.

Grammar file 9

.

© Oxford University Press

Grammar check 9

3 Adverbs of manner Change the sentence.Use the same adjective to make the adverb.

1 It was a really bad game.Both teams played really badly.

2 He’s happy. He’s smiling .

3 They were quick workers.

They worked .

4 Their English is very good.

They speak English very .

4 Countable / Uncountable nouns Write C or U.

1 cup C 4 hand 7 salt

2 petrol 5 hat 8 toothbrush

3 rain 6 man 9 money

5 a / an / some / any Complete.

1 We bought some nice fruit yesterday.

2 I haven’t got very good car.

3 There aren’t shops in our street.

4 Are there tissues in that box?

5 I’d like apple, please.

6 There was cheese in the fridge but

there weren’t eggs.

7 Would you like more coffee?

6 How much …? / How many …? Complete thequestions. Use the right tense.

1 He bought some fruit juice.How much did he buy?

2 She took a lot of photos.

How take?

3 I don’t drink a lot of coffee.

How drink?

4 They spent a lot of money.

How spend?

5 I’d like some oranges.

How like?

5 Oh, no! I’

late.

4 They’

an accident.

2 We’

a film.

3 She’

the race.

1 He’s going to rob the bank.

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1 a Comparative adjectives Write thecomparatives in the right group.

bad difficult easy sad good hungryimportant near small thin

+ -er double -ierconsonant

smaller sadder

more / less irregular

b Write sentences.

1 Diamonds are more valuable than gold.(valuable)

2 My father’s than me. (fat)

3 London’s than New York. (old)

4 Milk’s than water. (expensive)

5 Water’s than ice. (heavy)

6 Arthur’s than her. (young)

2 Predictions: (be) going to … What’s going tohappen? Complete with the verbs.

be have rob see win

English File I