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All data and information, both technical and commercial, contained in this report is confidential and shall not be copied or disclosed to other parties without the written permission of ABB Limited. This report remains the property of ABB Limited and shall be returned to ABB Limited or destroyed, at ABB Limited's request, together with any copies. Report: SCOTTO01 HAC Report Version: 2.0 Date: 06 October 2008 Hazardous Area Classification Report Dargavel Energy from Waste Facility ScotGen (Dumfries) Limited
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Page 1: 1092475_Appendix_31

All data and information, both technical and commercial, contained in this report is confidential and shall not be copied or disclosed to other parties without the written permission of ABB Limited. This report remains the property of ABB Limited and shall be returned to ABB Limited or destroyed, at ABB Limited's request, together with any copies.

Report: SCOTTO01 HAC Report

Version: 2.0

Date: 06 October 2008

Hazardous Area Classification Report

Dargavel Energy from Waste Facility

ScotGen (Dumfries) Limited

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Dargavel Energy from Waste Facility - Hazardous Area Classification Report Rev 2.0

ΑΒΒ

Report Ref. SCOTTO01 HAC Report Version 2.0 Page 2 of 22 © Copyright ABB Limited 2009 All data and information, both technical and commercial, contained in this report is confidential and shall not be copied or disclosed to other parties without the written permission of ABB Limited. This report remains the property of ABB Limited and shall be returned to ABB Limited or destroyed, at ABB Limited's request, together with any copies.

Report: Ref. No: SCOTTO01 HAC Report Version: 2.0 Date: 06 October 2008 Prepared for: Lloyd Brotherton

Director Ascot House 51 Water Street Radcliffe Manchester

M26 3DE Tel: 0161 724 1999 Mob: 07984 494609 Prepared by: Mick Donley Senior Consultant Process Hazard Compliance ABB Engineering Services Telephone: +44(0)773 005 1511 ABB Limited

Belasis Hall Technology Park PO Box 99 Billingham TS23 4YS United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0)1642 372000 Email: [email protected]

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Dargavel Energy from Waste Facility - Hazardous Area Classification Report Rev 2.0

ΑΒΒ Report Ref.SCOTTO01 HAC Report Version 2.0 Page 3 of 22 © Copyright ABB Limited 2009 All data and information, both technical and commercial, contained in this report is confidential and shall not be copied or disclosed to other parties without the written permission of ABB Limited. This report remains the property of ABB Limited and shall be returned to ABB Limited or destroyed, at ABB Limited's request, together with any copies.

Contents

1 Introduction 4

2 Area Classification (Risk Assessment) 15

3 Zoning 20

4 Temperature Classification & Gas Group 20

Appendix A Properties of Flammable Materials 21

Appendix B Hazardous Area Classification Layout Drawing 22

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Dargavel Energy from Waste Facility - Hazardous Area Classification Report Rev 2.0

ΑΒΒ Report Ref. SCOTTO01 HAC Report Version 2.0 Page 4 of 22 © Copyright ABB Limited 2009 All data and information, both technical and commercial, contained in this report is confidential and shall not be copied or disclosed to other parties without the written permission of ABB Limited. This report remains the property of ABB Limited and shall be returned to ABB Limited or destroyed, at ABB Limited's request, together with any copies.

1 Introduction

This document details the Hazardous Area Classification (HAC) Risk Assessment that

was completed for the Dargavel Energy from Waste Facility (EFW) on 28 Feb 2008 at

Otto Simon Offices, Cheadle, Manchester. The HAC assessed the current design basis

of the planned facility, to be located at Dumfries, Scotland.

The facility is designed to thermally treat waste and recover energy that would otherwise

be lost to landfill. The treatment facility employs the EnerWaste Gasification technology.

This is a batch gasification process, where the fuel is heated in refractory lined chambers

to produce a synthesis fuel gas.

The advanced thermal treatment process is a sequencing batch gasification system

sourced through Planet Advantage Ltd. There will be 2 trains of equipment initially. Each

train comprising 4 Primary Gasification Chambers and 1 Secondary Combustion

Chamber, a boiler and gas cleaning station. A common turbine will be used for all

streams and would ultimately provide approximately 6.2MW of electricity for export as

well as other equipment to recover energy as heat.

The facility will have an initial waste fuel capacity of 40,000 tonnes per year but the

technology is modular in nature and can be scaled to the full planning limit of 60,000

tonnes in the future.

The Area Classification Risk assessment was a team event comprising:

• Lloyd Brotherton Dargavel Facility Project Director (ScotGen)

• Finni Einarsson Dargavel Process Specialist (EnerWaste Europe Ltd)

• Stephen Cochrane Dargavel Process Specialist (EnerWaste Europe Ltd)

• Steve Townsend Dargavel Facility Project Manager (Otto Simon)

• Derek Oldfield Senior Control Electrical Project Engineer (Otto Simon)

• Dave Brindley Senior Process Engineer (Otto Simon Ltd)

• Mick Donley Review Leader (ABB Consultant)

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Dargavel Energy from Waste Facility - Hazardous Area Classification Report Rev 2.0

ΑΒΒ Report Ref. SCOTTO01 HAC Report Version 2.0 Page 5 of 22 © Copyright ABB Limited 2009 All data and information, both technical and commercial, contained in this report is confidential and shall not be copied or disclosed to other parties without the written permission of ABB Limited. This report remains the property of ABB Limited and shall be returned to ABB Limited or destroyed, at ABB Limited's request, together with any copies.

Ascot Environmental is the main contractor for ScotGen (Dumfries) Ltd who own and

operate the site.

Otto Simon are acting as the Clients Engineer providing specialist process engineering

support to Ascot Environmental for the facility.

EnerWaste Europe are providing the gasification equipment.

Guidance to assist with the area classification was taken from:

• BS EN 60079-10 Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres – Part 10:

Classification of hazardous areas.

• IEC 60079-20 Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres – Part 20 : Data for

flammable gases and vapours, relating to the use of Electrical Apparatus.

• BS EN 61241-10 Electrical apparatus for use in the presence of combustible dust –

Part 10 : Classification of areas where combustible dusts are or maybe present.

• Institute of Petroleum Area Classification Guideline Part 15 (IP15) 3rd Edition. – Area

Classification Code for Installations Handling Flammable Fluids. Part 15 of the IP

Model Code of Safe Practise in the Petroleum Industry (Energy Institute London).

• ABB ‘Guidance for Area Classification’ which provides ‘Supplementary Guidance for

BS EN 60079-10 and BS EN 50281-3’.

• Safe Handling of Combustible Dusts (HSG 103) : Precautions against explosions.

HSE Books.

• CFD Modelling of Low Pressure Jets for Area Classification – HSL/2005/11 – Health

and Safety Laboratory.

• ATEX and DSEAR: Hazardous Area Classification and Laboratory Operations –

Health and Safety Executive

• HSE Technical Measures Document -Hazardous Area Classification and Control of

Ignition Sources.

The HAC review process assesses plant equipment under normal and abnormal

conditions; it does not consider catastrophic failure of plant / equipment nor mechanical /

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Dargavel Energy from Waste Facility - Hazardous Area Classification Report Rev 2.0

ΑΒΒ Report Ref. SCOTTO01 HAC Report Version 2.0 Page 6 of 22 © Copyright ABB Limited 2009 All data and information, both technical and commercial, contained in this report is confidential and shall not be copied or disclosed to other parties without the written permission of ABB Limited. This report remains the property of ABB Limited and shall be returned to ABB Limited or destroyed, at ABB Limited's request, together with any copies.

process safety risk assessments. As prescribed by IEC 60079-10, it is not the aim of

hazardous area classification to guard against the ignition of major releases of

flammable materials under catastrophic failure of plant, e.g. the rupture of a pressure

vessel or pipeline, or the cold failure of a tank which, in properly run facilities, has a very

low probability of occurrence. The incidence of such releases must be kept within

acceptable limits by correct design, construction, maintenance and operation of facilities.

The following Dargavel Project documents were used during the review:

Title Drawing Number Rev

OttoSimon Project Drawings (Otto Simon Project No: 4106)

Process Description First Draft 06/02/08

Process Schematic Draft

Process Flow Diagram 4106/AE/000/002 Draft P4

Site Layout 4106/AE/000/005 P6

Aptech (Powder Syste ms) Drawings

Sodium Bicarbonate Storage &

Dosing P&ID (Aptech (Powder

Systems)

13041-7105 2

EnerWaste Europe Ltd Drawings

Process Diagram 002-C001-000 (4106-

SG-100-RP005 Rev B)

Edition 2

Secondary Combustion Chamber

(SCC)

002-C001-004 (4106-

SG-200-RP008 Rev B)

Edition 2

Primary Combustion Chamber

(PCC)

002-C001-005 (4106-

SG-100-RP007 Rev B)

Edition 2

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Dargavel Energy from Waste Facility - Hazardous Area Classification Report Rev 2.0

ΑΒΒ Report Ref. SCOTTO01 HAC Report Version 2.0 Page 7 of 22 © Copyright ABB Limited 2009 All data and information, both technical and commercial, contained in this report is confidential and shall not be copied or disclosed to other parties without the written permission of ABB Limited. This report remains the property of ABB Limited and shall be returned to ABB Limited or destroyed, at ABB Limited's request, together with any copies.

1.1 Properties of Flammable Materials

A Properties of Flammable Materials list has been developed for the materials expected

to be present, however for the benefit of the report the main materials present are

reviewed below.

Property data is taken from ‘IEC 60079-20:2000 Data for Flammable Gases and

Vapours, Relating to the Use of Electrical Apparatus’, supported by MSDS sheets where

required.

The Dargavel Facility handles a range of commercial/industrial hazardous and non-

hazardous wastes in solid form. Hazardous waste (including oily rags, resins and heavy

sludges) is to be handled. No bulk liquids are to be handled as a waste fuel. Liquids in

sealed containers of maximum quantity 5 litres will only be allowed as an unavoidable

admixture within the waste fuel. Heavy semi-solids could be considered potentially

flammable, however in reality they are most likely to be materials with relatively high

flash points (higher than local ambient temperature). Waste fuels are transported on

pallets or similar containers for loading by human operator using a telescopic handler or

other similar mobile plant. Waste fuels are not stored in the facility for an extended

period as the time delay between unloading from delivery vehicle to loading into the

gasifiers is kept to a minimum. Any leaking containers would be separated from the

pallet by facility operator at the unloading point and dealt with immediately by isolation

and reject back to the delivering customer. These materials are considered non-

flammable when external to the gasifiers.

For the convenience of this report, the main materials are considered below.

Waste ash from gasifiers is considered non-flammable.

Heavy gas oil fuel (diesel) is used as a start up fuel for the primary and secondary

chambers and to maintain temperature in the secondary chamber. This is stored in a

bunded storage tank. For the purposes of this assessment this diesel fuel is considered

as non-flammable (external to the chambers), due to its relatively high flash point.

Sodium bicarbonate is non-combustible (has properties of fire-extinguishment).

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ΑΒΒ Report Ref. SCOTTO01 HAC Report Version 2.0 Page 8 of 22 © Copyright ABB Limited 2009 All data and information, both technical and commercial, contained in this report is confidential and shall not be copied or disclosed to other parties without the written permission of ABB Limited. This report remains the property of ABB Limited and shall be returned to ABB Limited or destroyed, at ABB Limited's request, together with any copies.

Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) is potentially combustible, with a minimum

explosive concentration of 140g/m3 (approximately 3 times the density required for most

typically explosive dusts).

Flue gas dosing material (approx 95% Sodium Bicarbonate & 5% PAC). Due to the

high proportion of Sodium bicarbonate (and the modest combustibility of PAC), the mix is

considered non-combustible.

Residue from Bag Filter – considered non-combustible as made up from combination

of fly ash and flue gas dosing material.

Plant Effluent is essentially waste liquid, mainly water and hence considered non-

combustible. It may contain trace oil from drips from delivery vehicles but is not a typical

process effluent i.e. it is not process drains containing wash down solvents or oil leaking

from process equipment.

It should be noted that if the process materials, operating conditions or the process

configuration are altered in the future, then an assessment to deem the requirements of

a further area classification risk assessment should be undertaken by the responsible

parties.

1.2 Ambient Temperature

The Dargavel facility is located near to Dumfries in Scotland, and is subject to typical UK

ambient temperature, with general max external temp of the site considered to be

typically 20-30Deg C.

1.3 Process Description

1.3.1 Process Overview

The Dargavel Energy from Waste (EFW) Facility is an advanced thermal treatment plant,

designed to recover energy from solid commercial/industrial waste material and use this

to generate electrical power and recover energy as heat.

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ΑΒΒ Report Ref. SCOTTO01 HAC Report Version 2.0 Page 9 of 22 © Copyright ABB Limited 2009 All data and information, both technical and commercial, contained in this report is confidential and shall not be copied or disclosed to other parties without the written permission of ABB Limited. This report remains the property of ABB Limited and shall be returned to ABB Limited or destroyed, at ABB Limited's request, together with any copies.

The thermal treatment process involves gasification of the waste material to produce an

energy rich fuel gas, known as synthesis gas (Syngas). This Syngas is combusted and

the heat in the resulting flue gas recovered to generate super heated steam. This

superheated steam is used to drive a turbine, which in turn drives an electrical generator

to produce power and energy recovery as heat.

The advanced thermal treatment process is a sequencing batch gasification system.

There will be 2 trains of equipment initially. Each train comprising 4 Primary Gasification

Chambers and 1 Secondary Combustion Chamber, a boiler and gas cleaning station. A

common turbine will be used for all eventual streams and will provide approximately

6.2MW of electricity for export plus energy recovery as heat.

The Dargavel EFW facility comprises a 2 stream plant rated for a waste throughput of

40,000tpa. The main equipment in each stream are:

• 4 Primary Gasification Chambers (PGC’s)

• 1 Syngas Combustion Chamber (Secondary Combustion Chamber (SCC))

• 1 Steam Boiler

• 1 Flue Gas Cleaning Plant

1.3.2 Waste Handling

The facility handles solid commercial/industrial waste comprising a mix of hazardous and

non-hazardous waste. Waste delivery is by road vehicle at a rate of less than 40

vehicles/day, Monday to Friday plus approximately 20 vehicles on Saturday mornings.

Non-hazardous waste is tipped onto the facility floor by the road vehicle. Hazardous

waste is supplied in sealed consignments often located on pallets. The pallets are

unloaded by telescopic handler or similar suitably equipped mobile plant.

Materials are loaded to the next available chamber. Non-hazardous waste (generally

lighter/softer material with lower calorific value) is loaded at the base of the chamber,

with hazardous waste loaded to the top of the chamber.

The maximum amount of hazardous waste per chamber is unlikely to exceed half the

total weight for that chamber and would more usually be less than half.

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Dargavel Energy from Waste Facility - Hazardous Area Classification Report Rev 2.0

ΑΒΒ Report Ref. SCOTTO01 HAC Report Version 2.0 Page 10 of 22 © Copyright ABB Limited 2009 All data and information, both technical and commercial, contained in this report is confidential and shall not be copied or disclosed to other parties without the written permission of ABB Limited. This report remains the property of ABB Limited and shall be returned to ABB Limited or destroyed, at ABB Limited's request, together with any copies.

1.3.3 Waste Gasification Chambers

Each stream comprises 4 refractory lined waste gasification chambers, operating on a

batch basis. The gasification process cycle is 24hour process (approximately) and is

defined by 5 distinct phases:

1. Waste Ignition (< 1hours) gas oil used as an accelerant

2. Gasification (6 to 8 hours)

3. Residual Carbon Reduction (6 to 8 hours )

4. Cool Down (6 to 8 hours )

5. De-ashing and Waste Loading (< 1 hour)

To provide a continuous Syngas flow and energy recovery, the batch operation of the

gasification chambers is staggered such that at least one gasification chamber is always

producing Syngas. The process is therefore considered as being semi-continuous.

Waste Gasification Phase

Gasification chamber is loaded with waste, and the chamber sealed closed.

Waste gasification in the gasification chamber is initiated by igniting the waste using an

ignition burner fuelled by a small quantity of heavy fuel oil (diesel). As the temperature in

the chamber increases, the waste gasification process becomes self sustaining and the

use of fuel is no longer required (this is when gases from the chamber reaches a preset

temp, usually 200DegC). During the gasification process, air is injected into the gasifier

from underneath, and the flow is regulated to ensure that the gasification occurs in an

oxygen deficient atmosphere. This phase ensures complete combustion of the waste

material. Operating temp of the chamber is in the range of 850/900DegC.

The Syngas generated by the gasification chamber is directed into the Syngas

combustion chamber (secondary combustion chamber).

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Dargavel Energy from Waste Facility - Hazardous Area Classification Report Rev 2.0

ΑΒΒ Report Ref. SCOTTO01 HAC Report Version 2.0 Page 11 of 22 © Copyright ABB Limited 2009 All data and information, both technical and commercial, contained in this report is confidential and shall not be copied or disclosed to other parties without the written permission of ABB Limited. This report remains the property of ABB Limited and shall be returned to ABB Limited or destroyed, at ABB Limited's request, together with any copies.

Residual Carbon Reduction Phase

At the end of the waste gasification phase, the chamber enters the residual carbon

reduction phase, where the chamber is operated with an excess of oxygen to oxidise

residual carbon in the ash to ensure that waste incineration directives are satisfied.

Cool Down Phase

Following completion of the residual carbon reduction phase, the chamber begins a cool

down phase. This cools the ash (using air) to a point where it can be safely handled. The

heated air stream is directed to the Syngas combustion chamber and used in the

combustion of the Syngas.

De-Ashing and Waste Loading Phase

When the ash in the gasifier chamber has been cooled down to acceptable limits, the

gasification air flow is stopped and the gasification chamber is isolated from the Syngas

combustion chamber. The ash is removed from the gasification chamber and a fresh

batch of wastes loaded into the chamber ready for the beginning of the ignition phase.

1.3.4 Syngas Combustion Chamber (Secondary Combusti on Chamber – SCC)

Each stream has one secondary combustion chamber serving the four gasification

chambers.

The Syngas combustion chamber has four gas inlet ports, one dedicated per gasification

chamber. In normal operation, all four of the gas ports are in use. At least one port is

receiving Syngas from the gasification chamber in gasification mode, two or three ports

are receiving combustion air from the gasification chambers in residual carbon reduction

and/or cool down mode. Only during the relatively short de-ashing and reloading is any

individual gasification chamber isolated from the secondary chamber and so off-line.

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ΑΒΒ Report Ref. SCOTTO01 HAC Report Version 2.0 Page 12 of 22 © Copyright ABB Limited 2009 All data and information, both technical and commercial, contained in this report is confidential and shall not be copied or disclosed to other parties without the written permission of ABB Limited. This report remains the property of ABB Limited and shall be returned to ABB Limited or destroyed, at ABB Limited's request, together with any copies.

As Syngas enters the Syngas combustion chamber and is mixed with combustion air it is

combusted. The energy release during this combustion allows regulation of the

temperature to those standards set by the Waste Incineration Directive (WID).

In order to comply at all times with the Waste Incineration Directive, the Syngas

combustion chamber incorporates a support fuel burner (diesel). This is not used in

normal operation and is only necessary when the gasification facility is being started up

from cold, during shutdown or when the waste fuel has a low calorific value.

An emergency vent (venting externally) is located between the secondary combustion

chamber and the waste heat boiler. This vent is primarily for the protection of any

downstream equipment during abnormal events and any gas vented would be

approximately 1100DegC and considered un-ignitable. Any venting operation will be of

short duration.

Comment on un-ignitable gas

When the emergency vent operates, the air supply to the PGC will stop and there may

be a small volume of pyrolisis gas released from the PGC that is in the gasification mode

(due to the retained heat). It is anticipated that this would burn in the SCC together with

air pulled from the other PGCs (due to chimney effect of emergency vent) and flue gas

would be emitted to atmosphere. The project team consider it possible that a ‘puff’ of

Pyrolisis gas may be emitted into the building from the PGC prior to the emergency vent

opening – this will be for an extremely short duration.

Recommendation.

R1. Consider adoption of gas detectors within facility to confirm frequency and extent of

any ‘puff’ of Pyrolisis gas. These could be of portable type and would be most valuable

during commissioning activities.

1.3.5 Steam Boiler

Each stream incorporates a fire tube type boiler that is used to recover the heat from the

flue gas stream exiting the Syngas combustion chamber. This cools the flue gas down to

180DegC prior to it being treated in the flue gas cleaning plant and emitted to

atmosphere. The heat recovered from the flue gas is used in the boiler to heat boiler

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Dargavel Energy from Waste Facility - Hazardous Area Classification Report Rev 2.0

ΑΒΒ Report Ref. SCOTTO01 HAC Report Version 2.0 Page 13 of 22 © Copyright ABB Limited 2009 All data and information, both technical and commercial, contained in this report is confidential and shall not be copied or disclosed to other parties without the written permission of ABB Limited. This report remains the property of ABB Limited and shall be returned to ABB Limited or destroyed, at ABB Limited's request, together with any copies.

feed water and generate superheated steam at a pressure of 40BarG and a temperature

of 400DegC.

1.3.6 Flue Gas Cleaning Plant

The Flue Gas Cleaning plant uses a combination of Sodium Bicarbonate and Powdered

Activated Carbon (PAC) to treat the acidity and other pollutants of the Flue Gas

emissions in a standard design system.

PAC is dosed in proportional to the Sodium Bicarbonate at approximately 5%PAC to

95% Sodium Bicarbonate.

PAC is delivered in Fabric Intermediate Bulk Containers (FIBC). The cleaning plant has

its own dedicated PAC supply system comprising FIBC discharge station, transfer screw,

storage hopper (50litres) and volumetric feeder. FIBCs will be lifted by a fork lift truck

(FLT) and placed on the FIBC discharge station. During loading of the FIBC to the

station, the bag acts to essentially seal the transfer station, additionally dust extraction

from the stations is used. The PAC transfer system including screw feeders is

considered to operate as a filled system.

The dosed flue gas passes through a bag filter before vent to atmosphere via the multi-

flue chimney.

Spent residue from the bag filter is collected in ‘big-bags’ for off-site disposal.

1.4 Facility Ventilation

The assessment was completed on the facility achieving a ventilation rate of at least 7-9

air changes per hour.

1.5 Material Handling Practices & Spillages

The facility is operated by a dedicated team of operators, maintaining the facility to

general industrial standards of cleanliness and housekeeping. Dust layers are controlled

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ΑΒΒ Report Ref. SCOTTO01 HAC Report Version 2.0 Page 14 of 22 © Copyright ABB Limited 2009 All data and information, both technical and commercial, contained in this report is confidential and shall not be copied or disclosed to other parties without the written permission of ABB Limited. This report remains the property of ABB Limited and shall be returned to ABB Limited or destroyed, at ABB Limited's request, together with any copies.

through routine cleaning operations supported by specific cleaning following any

maintenance activities that have resulted in material deposits outside normal standards.

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ΑΒΒ Report Ref. SCOTTO01 HAC Report Version 2.0 Page 15 of 22 © Copyright ABB Limited 2009 All data and information, both technical and commercial, contained in this report is confidential and shall not be copied or disclosed to other parties without the written permission of ABB Limited. This report remains the property of ABB Limited and shall be returned to ABB Limited or destroyed, at ABB Limited's request, together with any copies.

2 Area Classification (Risk Assessment)

2.1 Waste Delivery to Facility Floor – ‘Waste Reception Hall’

The Waste Reception Hall contains non-hazardous waste tipped to the floor from road

vehicle, and hazardous waste sealed in specific consignments, usually held on pallets or

similar. The materials are held here prior to loading.

Although nominally ‘hazardous materials’ are present the area is classed as non-

hazardous as the hazardous materials are all relatively high flash point materials, held in

sealed containers.

Assessment. Non-Hazardous Area .

2.2 Gasification Chambers

The gasifier is controlled by its own Burner Management System (BMS), supplied

complete as part of the EFW facility and is considered to be of standard BMS design.

The BMS is considered to achieve a standard burner management type basis of safety

and it is not considered appropriate to apply hazardous area classification techniques to

ensure a basis of safety.

Assessment. Gasifier classified as a Non-Hazardous Area.

Comment on emergency shutdown and possible release of short ‘puff’ of synthesis gas.

It is considered possible that the release of a small ‘puff’ of synthesis gas from the PGC

following emergency shutdown. In line with the general DSEAR approach to burners and

burner systems, it is not considered appropriate or helpful to zone based on this potential

‘puff’ situation, as zoning (and the associated selection of appropriate ‘Ex’ rated

equipment) will not achieve a satisfactory basis of safety as any gas released will likely

still find an ignition source in the form of hot surfaces on the burner system. Instead this

assessment relies on the application of correct design, construction, maintenance and

operation principles for the facility. Additionally as per described elsewhere in the report,

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ΑΒΒ Report Ref. SCOTTO01 HAC Report Version 2.0 Page 16 of 22 © Copyright ABB Limited 2009 All data and information, both technical and commercial, contained in this report is confidential and shall not be copied or disclosed to other parties without the written permission of ABB Limited. This report remains the property of ABB Limited and shall be returned to ABB Limited or destroyed, at ABB Limited's request, together with any copies.

the PGC is controlled by its own Burner Management System (BMS) considered

appropriate to achieve a standard burner management type basis of safety.

This report contains a recommendation to monitor for this ‘puff’ of gas situation. If the

findings of any monitoring are outside the design basis of the facility then the operators

should consider the need to reassess the basis of safety of the facility. However it is

advised that zoning would still not achieve any reliable basis of safety for the reasons

described above, particularly the predictable likelihood that a hot surface will act as an

ignition source for any gas released.

2.3 Secondary Combustion Chamber

The secondary combustion chamber is controlled by its own Burner Management

System (BMS), supplied complete as part of the EFW facility and is considered to be of

standard BMS design. The BMS is considered to achieve a standard burner

management type basis of safety and it is not considered appropriate to apply hazardous

area classification techniques to ensure a basis of safety.

Assessment. Secondary Combustion Chamber classified as a Non-Hazardous

Area.

Comment on emergency venting and possible ‘puff’ of pyrolysis gas.

The operational description of the SCC noted the possibility of the release of a small

‘puff’ of pyrolysis gas following emergency vent operation. In line with the general

DSEAR approach to burners and burner systems, it is not considered appropriate or

helpful to zone based on this potential ‘puff’ situation, as zoning (and the associated

selection of appropriate ‘Ex’ rated equipment) will not achieve a satisfactory basis of

safety as any gas released will likely still find an ignition source in the form of hot

surfaces on the burner system. Instead this assessment relies on the application of

correct design, construction, maintenance and operation principles for the facility.

Additionally as per described elsewhere in the report, the SCC is controlled by its own

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ΑΒΒ Report Ref. SCOTTO01 HAC Report Version 2.0 Page 17 of 22 © Copyright ABB Limited 2009 All data and information, both technical and commercial, contained in this report is confidential and shall not be copied or disclosed to other parties without the written permission of ABB Limited. This report remains the property of ABB Limited and shall be returned to ABB Limited or destroyed, at ABB Limited's request, together with any copies.

Burner Management System (BMS) considered appropriate to achieve a standard

burner management type basis of safety.

This report contains a recommendation to monitor for this ‘puff’ of gas situation. If the

findings of any monitoring are outside the design basis of the facility then the operators

should consider the need to reassess the basis of safety of the facility. However it is

advised that zoning would still not achieve any reliable basis of safety for the reasons

described above, particularly the predictable likelihood that a hot surface will act as an

ignition source for any gas released.

2.4 Flue Gas Treatment Facility

MSDS for PAC material states that it is potentially combustible, but requires a minimum

concentration of 140g/m3 which is a relatively dense dust cloud.

Dust clouds of this density are not considered realistic outside of the PAC system due to

the combination of:

• The action of lowering the FIBC on to the FIBC discharge station acts to

essentially seal the station.

• The system post the FIBC station is essentially powder filled

• The dust extraction system present at the FIBC will experience only small

quantities of dust, significantly below the 140g/m3 threshold for combustible

clouds.

The PAC is mixed with 95% Sodium Bicarbonate which renders the mix non-

combustible.

PAC Storage - For the 2 stream plant, PAC store will contain 6 bags + 2 bags on the

FIBC discharge stations

Assessment. Treatment area classified as Non-Hazard ous.

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ΑΒΒ Report Ref. SCOTTO01 HAC Report Version 2.0 Page 18 of 22 © Copyright ABB Limited 2009 All data and information, both technical and commercial, contained in this report is confidential and shall not be copied or disclosed to other parties without the written permission of ABB Limited. This report remains the property of ABB Limited and shall be returned to ABB Limited or destroyed, at ABB Limited's request, together with any copies.

2.5 Bag Filter

The Bag Filter only handles materials considered as non-combustible (95% Sodium

Bicarbonate/5%PAC dosing mix and flue gas)

Assessment. Area is classified as Non-Hazardous.

2.6 CEMS Area - Hydrogen Bottle Storage X2

These 2 hydrogen bottle are stored outside in dedicated secure cage. They are used to

supply the VOC analyser. The bottles are located in a naturally well ventilated area and

operate at ambient temperatures. The screwed connections at the tops of the gas bottles

are considered to act as secondary sources of release and give rise to a zone in which a

flammable atmosphere is not likely to occur in normal operation and if it does will only

exist for a short time and hence is classified as Zone 2. This zone extends to a sphere of

1.0m radius around the bottle top connections.

The most likely cause of the potential release path at the screwed connections is created

by pick up of small dirt particles at the screw threads created during bottle change-over.

In reality the both the frequency of bottle change-over and the likely hood of dirt pick up

is considered to be relatively low, however the possibility is acknowledged.

Assessment Zone 2 spheres of 1meter radius at gas bottle top screwed

connections.

VOC Analyser

The VOC analyser (supplied with hydrogen via continuous pipeline from hydrogen

bottles covered above) is considered as a piece of standard laboratory equipment and in

line with general DSEAR principles and specific HSE guidance for laboratory

applications, is not considered suitable for zoning. Instead a safe basis of operation is

achieved via the following:

• Analyser is on the low pressure side of the regulator, hence any release

(considered highly unlikely) will be low rate and quickly dispersed

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Dargavel Energy from Waste Facility - Hazardous Area Classification Report Rev 2.0

ΑΒΒ Report Ref. SCOTTO01 HAC Report Version 2.0 Page 19 of 22 © Copyright ABB Limited 2009 All data and information, both technical and commercial, contained in this report is confidential and shall not be copied or disclosed to other parties without the written permission of ABB Limited. This report remains the property of ABB Limited and shall be returned to ABB Limited or destroyed, at ABB Limited's request, together with any copies.

• Pipe work connections will be leak tested during installation/commissioning,

minimising any likelihood of leak

• Pipe work connections will be subjected to repeat leak testing following any need

for connections to be broken, minimising any likelihood of leak

• Analyser is sited such that good practise is achieved to ensure equipment is not

subject to any obvious forms of vibration or impact damage.

Due to the above the analyser is not considered as zoned and is considered as a safe

area.

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Dargavel Energy from Waste Facility - Hazardous Area Classification Report Rev 2.0

ΑΒΒ Report Ref. SCOTTO01 HAC Report Version 2.0 Page 20 of 22 © Copyright ABB Limited 2009 All data and information, both technical and commercial, contained in this report is confidential and shall not be copied or disclosed to other parties without the written permission of ABB Limited. This report remains the property of ABB Limited and shall be returned to ABB Limited or destroyed, at ABB Limited's request, together with any copies.

3 Zoning

3.1 Hydrogen Bottle Store (2 Gas Bottles) for CEMS

� Zone 2 sphere of 1.0m radius around the bottle top screwed connections.

4 Temperature Classification & Gas Group

4.1 Temperature Classification

This defined for the Zone 2 area at the Hydrogen Bottles associated with the CEMS

equipment.

Temp class T1 determined.

4.2 Gas Group

This defined for the Zone 2 area at the Hydrogen Bottles associated with the CEMS

equipment.

Gas group IIC determined.

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Dargavel Energy from Waste Facility - Hazardous Area Classification Report Rev 2.0

ΑΒΒ Report Ref. SCOTTO01 HAC Report Version 2.0 Page 21 of 22 © Copyright ABB Limited 2009 All data and information, both technical and commercial, contained in this report is confidential and shall not be copied or disclosed to other parties without the written permission of ABB Limited. This report remains the property of ABB Limited and shall be returned to ABB Limited or destroyed, at ABB Limited's request, together with any copies.

Appendix A Properties of Flammable Materials

A separate Properties of Flammable Materials listing has been produced - Doc Ref

SCOTTO01/FlamProp/0001.

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Dargavel Energy from Waste Facility - Hazardous Area Classification Report Rev 2.0

ΑΒΒ Report Ref. SCOTTO01 HAC Report Version 2.0 Page 22 of 22 © Copyright ABB Limited 2009 All data and information, both technical and commercial, contained in this report is confidential and shall not be copied or disclosed to other parties without the written permission of ABB Limited. This report remains the property of ABB Limited and shall be returned to ABB Limited or destroyed, at ABB Limited's request, together with any copies.

Appendix B Hazardous Area Classification Layout Dra wing

Refer to Hazardous Area Classification Drawing – Doc Ref. SCOTTO01/AC Drg/0001.