10rtm Gnh Indices_update

8/8/2019 10rtm Gnh Indices_update

1/92

1/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

GNH Indices

Dasho Karma Ura, Director

The Centre for Bhutan Studies

February 18th, 2008, Thimphu


2/92

2/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

GNH Indices Construction Timeline

2007 2008 2009


3/92

3/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

GNH Information Flow

GNH Commission

PM + Secretaries +

NEC

SSICBS

MoAMoLHR

MoH

MoHCAMoIC

MoE

MoF

MoFA

MoEA MoWHS

20 Dzongkhag GNH Committee? DT

(Dzongdas + PO + Sector Heads)

205 Gewog GNH Committee ? GT

(GUPs + GDO + Field Officials)

HM

ParliamentJudiciary Constitutional

Bodies

BCCI


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4/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

GNH in Policy Making

GNH PROJECT SELECTION TOOLS

GNH INDICATORS

SINGLE NUMBERGNH INDEXNational Index

Progress

Measurement

Policy Making

Influence

Influence

GNH POLICY SCREENING TOOLS


5/92

5/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

Role of Citizens in GNH Policy Making

PROJECT SELECTION TOOLS

POLICY SCREENING TOOLS

Policy MakingPolicy Making

Citizens

of Bhutan

Report progress through

GNH indicators

Represented by heterogeneous

panel to conduct policy review


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6/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

POLICY SCREENINGPOLICY SCREENING


7/92

7/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

GNH Policy Screening Tools

1. Corruption

Will increase the

opportunity forcorruption

Do not know the

effects on corruption

Will not have any

appreciable effects oncorruption

Will decrease the

opportunity forcorruption

1 2 3 4

Policy Screening Questions

Policy proposals will be rated prior to approval by a series of screening questions

on a 1 to 4 scale in order to carry out any necessary modifications

2. Trust

Will decrease the

degree of trust

between people andgovernment officials

Do not know the

effects on the degree

of trust betweenpeople and

government officials

Will not have any

appreciable effects on

the degree of trustbetween people and

government officials

Will increase the

degree of trust

between people andgovernment officials

1 2 3 4


8/92

8/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008


4. Pollution

Will increase theamount of pollution or

degradation of the air,

land or water

Do not know theeffects on pollution or


land or water

Will not have anyeffect on pollution or


land or water n

Will decrease theamount of pollution or


land or water

1 2 3 4

5. Leisure time

Will decrease

opportunities to spend

time with family and

friends

Do not know the

effects on



friends

Will not have any




friends

Will increase



friends

1 2 3 4

3. Economic security

Will result in a net

decrease in economicsecurity within the

population

Do not know the

differential effects oneconomic security

within the population

Will no not have any

appreciable effects oneconomic security


Will probably result in

a net increase ineconomic security


1 2 3 4


9/92

9/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008


6. Stress

Will increase levels of

stress in the

population

Do not know the

effects on levels of

stress in the

population

Will not have any


levels of stress in the

population

Will decrease levels

of stress in the

population

1 2 3 4

7. Culture

Will decrease the

opportunity for people

to learn about or

participate in cultural

practices and

traditions

Do not know the effecton opportunity to learn

about or participate in

cultural practices and

traditions

Will have no effect onopportunity to learn



traditions

Will increaseopportunity to learn



traditions.

1 2 3 4

8. Social support

Will decrease the

amount of social

support available to

people in time of

need.

Do not know the effect

on the amount of

social support

available in time of

needs

Will have no effect on

amount of social

support available in

time of needs

Will increase the

amount of social

support available to

people in time of

need.

1 2 3 4


10/92

10/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

Corruption 3 Culture 3 Family 2

Social Support 2 Health 4Trust 1

Security 4

Pollution 1

Productivity 4

Equity 1

Information 1

Participation 1

Leisure 1

Stress 2

Biodiversity 2

Spiritual 1

Discrimination 3

Corruption 1

= 37 / 210 out of a potential 84 / 210

Policy must be improved, score is low

Policy Screening Score


Final score


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11/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

BASIC INDICATORSBASIC INDICATORS


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12/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

Domain name Topics covered No. variables

D1 Demographics - Personal demographics

- Employment- Household structure

110

1 Psychological Well-

being

- Satisfaction

- Happiness

- Social support

- Stress

- Mental health- Spirituality

- Emotional experience

75

2 Culture - Languages

- Identity

- Core values

- Community participation

- Local customs- Etiquette

- Value changes

- Knowledge & creativity

- Music & TV

- Architecture/Buildings

231

Survey Domain Summary


13/92

13/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008


3 Education - Non formal education

- Skills known- Skills applied

- Family, civic & cultural

knowledge

- Student attitudes to their

education

- Parental attitudes to their childs

education- Rituals/Religious events

136

4 Health - Overall health

- Disabilities

- Activity limitations

- Substance use

- Physical activity- Food insecurity

- Child rearing

- Suicidal thoughts

- Access to sanitation, access to

hospital service

- Indigenous health services

164



14/92

14/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008


5 Time Use - Time stress

- Time diary

- Activity times

- Activity enjoyment

- Social & family activities

- Woola activities

89

6 Good Governance - Political participation

- Government effectiveness

- Leadership performance

- Satisfaction with government

institutions

- Fairness and rights

- Media

- Transparency & trust

- Corruption

- Contributions

182



15/92

15/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008


7 Community Vitality - Migration

- Volunteering

- Donations

- Belonging

- Community trust

- Community vitality

- Family relationships

- Crime

- Community problems

109

8 Ecology - Ecological values

- Land development

- Quality of arable land

- Quality of forestry

- Soil protection

- Wild fires

- Water use/quality- Air quality

- Experience of ecological

change

- Waste

- Transportation use

- Energy use

214



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16/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008


9 Living Standards - Income

- Financial security

- Debt

- Housing

- In-kind income

76

10 Agriculture - Agricultural trends

- Constraints to crops

- Fertiliser/Insecticide use

- Equipment owned

55

D2 Food - Types of food consumed 51

All 12 sections 1,492



17/92

17/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

GNH Survey

1. Psychological Well-being

2. Cultural Diversity and Resilience

3. Education

4. Health

5. Time Use and Balance

6. Good Governance

7. Community Vitality

8. Ecological Diversity and Resilience

9. Living Standards

10. Agriculture

GNH Domains


18/92

18/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

Survey Results



3. Education

4. Health


6. Good Governance



9. Living Standards

10. Agriculture

GNH Domains


19/92

19/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008


Life satisfaction

Satisfaction with health

Satisfaction with material circumstances

Satisfaction with work-life balance

Satisfaction with personal relationships

Subjective happiness

Not a ver

happ person

er happ

person

Survey question:

On a scale of one to ten, I consider myself


20/92

20/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

0

10

20

30

40

50

Percent

er

r Poor Neit er oornor

oodGood Ver

ood

Qualit of life (scale1-5)

40%

41%

13%5%

1%

Satisfied

Fairl

satisfied

Not

er

satisfied

Dissatisfied

Don't know

Satisfactionwit aterial circumstances

0

5

10

15

20

Percent

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Subjecti e appiness (scale1-10)

Quality of life

Subjecti e qualit of life


Happiness

Subjecti e appiness (scale1-10)

Happiness

Causal factors for appiness

Life satisfaction

Satisfactionwit securit of

finances/li eli ood

66

44 4333 25 20 17 16 11

0

20

40

60

80

Percent

Financial securit

Good famil

Good

ealt

Resources for farmproduction

Access to basic facilities

Personal development/education

Faitand spiritual pursuits

Employment and job satisfaction

Good

overnanceandwelfare system


21/92

21/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

56%34%

5%3%

1%

Satisfied

Fairly satisfied

Not very satisfied

Dissatisfied

Don't know

Satisfactionwit ealt

85%

10%5%

Normal well-being

Some mental distress

Severe mental distress

Mental ealt

63%

27%

6%

2%3%

Satisfied

Fairly satisfied

Not very satisfied

Dissatisfied

Don't know

Satisfactionwit occupations indaily life

87%

10%

2%0%

1%

Satisfied

Fairly satisfied

Not very satisfied

Dissatisfied

Don't know

Satisfactionwit personal relations ips

Life satisfaction

Satisfactionwit ealt


Life satisfaction

Satisfactionwit relations ipwit

immediate family members

Life satisfaction

Satisfactionwit occupations

indaily life

Mental health

Mental ealt status


22/92

22/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

19%

42%

23%

16%

Very stressful

Somewhat stressful

Not very stressful

Not at all stressful

Perceptionof stress

60%

36%

3%

1%

Very

Moderately

Not very

Not at all

Spirituality

Spirituality

Subjective level of spirituality


Stress

Perceptionof stress

during last year

4%

96%

Yes

No

Considerationof suicideever before

Suicide

Considerationof suicideever

before in lifetime


23/92

23/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

Emotional experience

Negative emotions


Survey question:

During the past two weeks, how often have you experienced the following emotions?

Never

Sometimes

ften

0 20 40 60 80

Percent

Never

Sometimes

ften

Anger

Never

Sometimes

ften

0 20 40 60 80

Percent

Never

Sometimes

ften

Frustration

Never

Sometimes

ften

0 20 40 60 80

Percent

Never

Sometimes

ften

Envy

Never

Sometimes

ften

0 20 40 60 80

Percent

Never

Sometimes

ften

Guilt

Never

Sometimes

ften

0 20 40 60 80

Percent

Never

Sometimes

ften

Selfishness

Never

Sometimes

ften

0 20 40 60 80

Percent

Never

Sometimes

ften

Jealousy

Never

Sometimes

ften

0 20 40 60 80

Percent

Never

Sometimes

ften

Pride

Never

Sometimes

ften

0 20 40 60 80

Percent

Never

Sometimes

ften

Sadness


24/92

24/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008


Never

Sometimes

ften

0 20 40 60 80

Percent

Never

Sometimes

ften

Calmness

Never

Sometimes

ften

0 20 40 60 80

Percent

Never

Sometimes

ften

Forgiveness

Never

Sometimes

ften

0 20 40 60 80

Percent

Never

Sometimes

ften

Contentment

Never

Sometimes

ften

0 20 40 60 80

Percent

Never

Sometimes

ften

Generosity

Never

Sometimes

ften

0 20 40 60 80

Percent

Never

Sometimes

ften

Empathy/Compassion

Emotional experience

Positiveemotions

Survey question:

During the past two weeks, how often have you experienced the following emotions?


25/92

25/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

Agenda



3. Education

4. Health


6. Good Governance



9. Living Standards

10. Agriculture

GNH Domains


26/92

26/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

9

55

24

5 3 3

0

20

40

60

Percent

None

1-5

days

6-12

day

s

13-20days

>20days

Don't

know

Cultural/Festival participation


2% 17%

81%

1%

Not important

Important

Very important

Don't know

Maintaining hutanese traditions

31%

51%

16%3%

Always

Sometimes

Never

No suchevent

Attendanceof festivals

85%

7%

3%4%

More concerned

Stayed the same

Less concerned

Don't know

Value changeofmaterial wealth

Identity

Importanceofmaintaining hutanese

traditions withinones everyday life

Cultural activities

Frequencyofattending thetshechu or

other major festival in ones dzongkhag

Values

Opinion on value change in the last few

years regarding material wealth of most

people in Bhutan

Cultural/Festival participation

Attendance of cultural activities

in a year


27/92

27/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008


Values/

Principles in life

Survey question:

Please indicate the importance that you assign to each of the following principles

1%2%

28%

68%

0%

Self-development

1%1%

20%

78%

Family life

1%

2%

35%

62%

0%

Generosity

1%2%

26%

72%

Spiritual faith

1%10%

41%

48%

Material wealth

1%3%

32%

65%

Compassion

0%

1%

26%

72%

0%

Harmony at home/community

2%7%

34%55%

1%

Reciprocity

1%

0%

27%

71%

1%

Responsibility

Legend:

1%2%

35%

62%

0%

Not important

A little important

Important

Very important

Don't know

Generosity


28/92

28/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

0 20 40 60 80 100

Percent

No

Yes

Storytelling to children

0 20 40 60 80 100

Percent

No

Yes

Consultation of astrologer

1%5%

38%56%

More than once a week

Once or twice a month

On special occasions

Never

Traditional sports


45%

24%

12%

5%

14%

Significant changes

Moderate changes

Little changes

No change

Don't know

Changes due to modern architecture

Astrologer

Consultation oftsip for specific

occasions

Traditional sports

Frequency of playing archery

(only men)

Storytelling

Storytelling to children

Architecture

Opinion on result of change in architecture

of Bhutanese houses to modern buildings

in the lifestyle of Bhutanese


29/92

29/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

60%

32%

8%

Yes

No

Don't know

Driglam Namzhapracticed yyouth

Etiquette

Properobservationandpracticeof

Driglam Namzha by the youth today



30/92

30/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

Agenda



3. Education

4. Health


6. Good Governance



9. Living Standards

10. Agriculture

GNH Domains


31/92

31/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

77%

20%2%

2%

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Don't know

Student's opiniononapplicability

3. Education

73%

18%

4%5%

Satisfied

Neithernor

Dissatisfied

Don't know

Parent's satisfactionwitheducation system

79%

16%

5%

Satisfied

Neithernor

Dissatisfied

Student's satisfactionw/education system

Education quality

Students satisfactionwith current

education system

Education quality

Parents satisfactionwith current

education system

Education applicability

Student opinionon the

applicabilityofeducation

86%

7%4%4%

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Don't know

Parent's opiniononapplicability

Education applicability

Parent opinionon the

applicabilityofeducation


32/92

32/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

3. Education

9%7%

15%

69%

2-3 full

At least 1 set

Parts of a few lozey

None at all

Ability to recite any traditional lozey

Traditional knowledge

Ability to recite any

traditional lozey

35%

65%

Yes

No

Knowledge of Dzongda/Drungpa name

Civic knowledge

Knowledge of name of one's

Dzongda/Drungpa

47%

38%

15%

College degree

Post graduation studies

Lower qualification

Student's aspiration for education level

School education

Students aspired education

level


33/92

33/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

5

113

120

1622

14 16

1430

0 10 20 30Percent

Zorig chusum skills

WeavingPainting

CarpentryCarvingSculptureCastingBlacksmithingBambooworksGold-/SilversmithingEmbroideryMasonry

LeatherworksPapermaking

Traditional skillsPercentageof citizens having

basic skills in ZorigChusum

3. Education


34/92

34/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

Agenda



3. Education

4. Health


6. Good Governance



9. Living Standards

10. Agriculture

GNH Domains


35/92

35/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

14%

27%59%

Poorphysical/mental health(0-16healthydays)

Moderatephysical/mental health(17-29healthydays)

Excellent physical/mental health(30healthydays)

Healthydays (of last 30days)

4. Health

23%

60%

17%

Excellent/Very good

Good

Fair/Poor

Subjectivehealth status

Self-rated health

Subjectivehealth status

56%34%

5%3%

1%

Satisfied

Fairly satisfied

Not very satisfied

Dissatisfied

Don't know

Health satisfaction

Health satisfaction

Health satisfaction

14%

12%

12%

12%

50%

Hypertension/High bloodpressure

Arthritis/ heumatism

Back orneck problem

Eye/Visionproblem

OtherorDon't know

Majorhealthproblems of ill people

Diseases/Illnesses

Majorhealthproblems of ill people

Functional health

Healthy/unhealthydays out of

the last 30days


36/92

36/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

17%

83%

Yes

No

Long term disabilities ( 6 months)

4. Health

Long term disabilities

Long term disabilities ( 6 months)

Life expectancy

Life expectancy 66.10 years

Disability adjusted 60.95 years

life-expectancy

Happy life years 45.81 years

6%

67%

22%

5%

nderweight

Healthy weight

Overweight

Obese

Body Mass Index

Body Mass Index

Body Mass Index


37/92

37/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

50

9

4

7

4

5

11

10

0 20 40 60

Percent

Never

Less thanonceamonth

Onceamonth

2-3 times amonth

Onceaweek

Twiceaweek

3-4 times aweek

Everyday

Frequencyofalcohol consumption3%1%

16%

79%

Daily

Occasionally

>1yearago

Never

Smoking frequency

Alcohol

Frequencyofalcohol consumption in the

past 12months

Smoking

Current smoking

4. Health


38/92

38/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

73%

15%

6%7%

Satisfied

Neutral

Dissatisfied

Don't know

Quality of medical staff

35%

35%

25%

4%

3 hours

Distance to nearest healthcare

32%

22%

20%

9%

7%

10%

Hospital

BHU

Tsip

Lama

Choep

Other

First contact in case of health problems

Health system

First contact in case of health problems

Health System

Distance to nearest healthcare

Health system

Quality of medical staff

4. Health


39/92

39/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

Agenda



3. Education

4. Health


6. Good Governance



9. Living Standards

10. Agriculture

GNH Domains


40/92

40/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

3727

1322

00

20

40

60

Percent

Few

times

per

wee

k

Few

times

am

onth

Onc

ea

mon

th

Not

inlast

mon

th

Don't

kno

w

Socializing with friends

59

912 10 10

0

20

40

60

Percent

Never 100 h

Volunteer hours


5%

32%

12%11%

20%

18%

1%Everyday

Few times a week

Once a week

Once a month

Few times a year

Never

Don't know

Frequency of feeling rushed

32%

39%

26%

3%

More rushed

About the same

Less rushed

Don't know

Increase of feeling to be rushed

Stress of overload

Frequency of feeling rushed

Stress of overload

Increase of feeling to be rushed

compared to two, three years ago

Volunteering

Volunteer hours in the past year

Socializing

Socializing with friends in the last

month


41/92

41/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

34%

47%

7%

5%4%

1%

1%

Life-work balance

34%

47%

7%5%4%1%1%

Work

Personal care (incl. sleeping)

Sports/leisure/media

Social/cultural activities

eligious activities

Education/learining

Communityparticipation

Life-work balance


Life-work balance

Balancebetweenpaidwork, unpaidwork, and free

time (Percent ofall activities duringanaverageday)


42/92

42/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

Agenda



3. Education

4. Health


6. Good Governance



9. Living Standards

10. Agriculture

GNH Domains


43/92

43/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

71%

9%

20%

Trust

Distrust

Don't know

Trust in courts

75%

3%

21%

Trust

Distrust

Don't know

Trust in central ministries

6. Good Governance

55%

15%

30%Common

Not common

Don't know

Opiniononexistenceof corruption

Corruption

Opiniononexistenceof corruption

Perception of central ministries

Trust in central ministries

Perception of judiciary

Trust in courts

48%

14%

38% Independent

Not independent

Don't know

Opinionon independenceof courts

Perception of judiciary

Opinionon independenceof

courts


44/92

44/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

11

47

21

9 83

0

20

40

6

0

Percent

Non

e

1-5

days

6-12

day

s

13-2

0da

ys

>20

days

Don't

kno

w

Time devoted to decision making

63%3%

34%Trust

Distrust

Don't know

Trust in media

6. Good Governance

70%

30%

Yes

No

Attendance of zomdue

Political participation

Attendance ofzomdue in past 12

months

39%

26%

36% Independent

Not independent

Don't know

Opinion on independence of media

Perception of media

Opinion on independence of media

Perception of media

Trust in media

Political participation

Average number of days attending

meetings


45/92

45/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

25

30

45

0 20 40 60 80

Percent

Don't know

No

Yes

Freedom from discrimination

11

28

61

0 20 40 60 80

Percent

Don't know

No

Yes

Freedom of speech

Fundamental rights

Freedom of speech

Fundamental rights

Freedom of discrimination

6. Good Governance


46/92

46/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

Agenda



3. Education

4. Health


6. Good Governance



9. Living Standards

10. Agriculture

GNH Domains


47/92

47/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

92

5

3

0 20 40 60 80 100

Percent

Yes

Neutral

No

Family care

47%

19%

35%Always safe

Usually safe

Rarely safe

Community safety

2

3

22

73

0 20 40 60 80

Percent

Don't know

Weak

Somewhat strong

Very strong

Senseofbelonging to local community

3%

97%

Yes

No

Victimof crime

Community safety

Victimof crime during the last

twelvemonths

Belonging

Senseofbelonging to local

community

Community safety

Perceptionof safety in community

Family care

Do family care foreachother?



48/92

48/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

2

6

14

45

33

0 20 40 60

Percent

Don't know

Never

Rarely

Sometimes

Always

Helpfulness of neighbours

7%

38%53%

2%

None of the time

Some of the time

Most/All of the time

Don't know

Support available

25%

71%

4%

People can be trusted

Need to be careful

Don't know

General trust


34%

25%

28%

12%2%

Trust most of them

Trust some of them

Trust a few of them

Trust none of them

Don't know

Sense of trust for neighbors

Trust

Sense of trust in neighbours

Trust

Sense of trust in other people

Social support

Someone to help when you

have problems

Social support

Helpfulness of neighbours


49/92

49/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

14%

24%

9%29%

24%

All

Most

About half

A few

None

Numberof relatives in same community

42%

58%

Yes

No

Participation involunteering

Civic engagement

Participation involunteering during

last 12months

Family proximity

Numberof relatives living in same

community



50/92

50/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

Agenda



3. Education

4. Health


6. Good Governance



9. Living Standards

10. Agriculture

GNH Domains

8 E l i l Di it d R ili


51/92

51/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008


52%42%

6%

Yes

No

Don't know

Increasedproductionofwaste

31%

53%

16%

Yes

No

Don't know

Change inbiodiversity in last 5years

19%

79%

3%

Yes

No

Don't know

Airpollution inone's area

7

3

6

8

14

26

73

0 20 40 60 80

Percent

Wastedisposal

CompostingandburningMunicipal garbagepickup

Taken to landfill

Dumped in forest

Dumpedonopen land

Dumped in rivers/streams

Other

Air quality

Airpollution inone's area

Biodiversity

Noticeof change inbiodiversity in

last fiveyears

Waste

Increasedproductionofwaste

compared toprevious year

Waste

Wastedisposal during last 12months

8 E l i l Di it d R ili


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52/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008


91%

7%2%

Satisfied

Not satisfied

Don't know

Satisfactionwith stateof forest

89%

11%1%

Satisfied

Not satisfied

Don't know

Satisfactionwithwaterquality

13%

83%

5%

Yes

No

Don't know

Unusual flooding inpast fiveyears

Water quality

Satisfactionwithwaterquality

Forest quality

Satisfactionwith stateof forest

inone's area

Soil conditions

Unusual floodingduring thepast

fiveyears

A d


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53/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

Agenda



3. Education

4. Health


6. Good Governance



9. Living Standards

10. Agriculture

GNH Domains

9 Li i St d d


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54/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

4

5

7

6

78

0 20 40 60 80

Percent

Debt >200% of income

Debt 101-200% of income

Debt 50-100% of income

Debt


55/92

55/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

4336

11 10

0

20

40

60

Percent

0-1

pers

ons/roo

m

1-2

pers

ons/roo

m

2-3

pers

ons/roo

m

>3per

sons

/roo

m

Room ratio

3%

97%

Yes

No

Necessity to cut or skip meal

Food security

Necessity to cut the size of meal or

skip meal due to food shortage or lack

of money in the past 12 months

Room ratio

Number of persons per room

9. Living Standards

Agenda


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56/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

Agenda



3. Education

4. Health


6. Good Governance



9. Living Standards

10. Agriculture

GNH Domains

10 Agriculture


57/92

57/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

39

50

3

8

0 20 40 60 80

Percent

Manure only

Both

Chemical only

Neither

Use of fertilizer

10

13

66

11

0 20 40 60 80

Percent

Not applicable

Decreased

Stayed the same

Increased

Number of acres planted

7

12

26

55

0 20 40 60 80

Percent

Not applicable

Decreased

Stayed the same

Increased

Cash income from agriculture

Fertilizer

Use of fertilizer

Acres planted

Change in planted acres

Cash income

Change in cash income

10. Agriculture


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58/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

AGGREGATIONAGGREGATIONMETHODSMETHODS

GNH Index Pyramid


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59/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

Indicators

GNH Index Pyramid

CompositeIndex

GNH INDEX

ClusterIndices

Ind.1 Ind.2 Ind.3

e.g. Trust in media

Cluster Index 1

e.g. Trust

Ind.1 Ind.2 Ind.3 Ind.4

Cluster Index 2

Design & Aggregation Methods of GNH Indices


60/92

6

0/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

Design & Aggregation Methods of GNH-Indices

x = Basic index = (x-xmin/xmax-xmin)

x = Basic index adjusted for distribution = (x-xmin/xmax-xmin) (1-k)

xc = Intermediate index aggregated at the cluster level = x1+x2++xn = x/n

Arithmetic mean based on principle of equal weight of x

Alternatively,

xCI = w1xC1+w2xC2++wnxCn = wCxC/n

Weighted mean, where weights are based on some system of preference.

Aggregation requires unweighted or weighted cluster indicators.

Stock and flow variables

Mostly ordinal data in ranges

Re-scaled or transformed into 0 to 1 values

Re-scaling of Indicators


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6

1/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

Re-scaling of Indicators

Daily Weekly Occasionally Not at all

1 2 3 4

6.6% 1.1% 7.2% 85.1%

Re-scaling codes from 0 to 1

(with 1 as most positive value)

Daily Weekly Occasionally Not at all

1 0.66 0.33 0

0.10

Rescaled

meanCalculate re-scaled mean as

comparable indicator value

Codes used for

data storage1

2

3

Survey question:

Do you practice meditation

1 0.066 0.66 0.011 0.33 0.072 0 0.851 =+ + +

Inequality measurement


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62/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

0

.2

.4

.6

.8

1

0 .2 .4 .6 .8 1

0

.2

.4

.6

.8

1

0 .2 .4 .6 .8 1

Inequality measurement

D=0.29

Percent of population

Distribution coefficient

Percent of totalsum of income

D=0.83

Percent of totalsum of income

Percent of population

Example: Inequality of income distribution

Policymakers can increase the GNH index scoreby more equally distributing any service (i.e. income)

as measured by any single indicator in a cluster index.


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63/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

CLUSTER INDICESCLUSTER INDICES

GNH Cluster Indices


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64/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

GNH Cluster Indices

Cluster Index Indicators Rescaled

mean

Distribution

coefficient

Indicator

score

Happiness

Happiness 0.66 0.80 0.5

3

Mental Health GHQ 0.70 0.89 0.62

Emotional Balance Compassion 0.63 0.76 0.48

Calmness 0.55 0.72 0.40

Frustration 0.67 0.79 0.53

Selfishness 0.86 0.87 0.75

0.54

Spirituality Self-reported 0.84 0.88 0.74

Prayers 0.67 0.71 0.48

Meditation 0.10 0.11 0.01

Karma 0.80 0.84 0.67

Killing 0.89 0.90 0.80

0.54

Culture Importance of tradition 0.90 0.91 0.82

Participation in local festival 0.34 0.69 0.23

Local religious sites 0.37 0.86 0.32

orig Chusum 0.09 0.42 0.04

0.35

GNH Cluster Indices


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65/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

GNH Cluster Indices


mean

Distribution

coefficient

Indicator

score

Human Rights Freedom from discrimination 0.57 0.60 0.34Freedom of speech 0.67 0.67 0.45

Right to form association 0.72 0.77 0.55

Equal pay for equal work 0.81 0.82 0.66

0.56

Trust Trust in central ministries 0.96 0.96 0.92

Trust in courts 0.88 0.88 0.77

Trust in media 0.95 0.95 0.90

Trust in neighbours 0.61 0.68 0.41

0.75

Social Support Family relationship index 0.90 0.93 0.84

Proximity of relatives 0.44 0.55 0.24

Help available in time of need 0.73 0.79 0.58

0.55

GNH Cluster Indices


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66/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

GNH Cluster Indices


mean

Distribution

coefficient

Indicator

score

Income 0.50Ecology Perceived local air quality 0.93 0.93 0.86

Perceived local water quality 0.89 0.89 0.79

Perceived local land degradation 0.78 0.78 0.61

0.76

Health Life expectancy 0.69 N/A 0.69

Healthy days 0.83 0.84 0.70Body Mass Index 0.79 0.81 0.64

0.68

Sample Indicators Happiness


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67/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

Sample Indicators Happiness

Subjective happiness

0

5

1

0

15

20

Pe

rcent

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Subjective happiness (scale 1-10)Subjective happiness (scale 1-10)

Happiness score

Subjective happiness 0.54Cluster Index 0.66 0.88=

Distributioncoefficient

Rescaledmean

=

Sample Indicators Mental Health


68/92

68/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

Sample Indicators Mental Health

12 Mental health questions

In the last four weeks

1. Been able to concentrate

2. Lost sleep over worry

3. Felt you were useful

4. Capable of making decisions5. Constantly under strain

6. Could not overcome diffculties

7. Able to enjoy daily activities

8. Able to face up to problems

9. Unhappy and depressed

10. Losing confidence in yourself

11. Thinking of self as worthless person

12. Feeling reasonably happy

Sample Indicators Emotional Balance


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69/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

Sample Indicators Emotional Balance

1. Compassion

Often 34.8%

Sometimes 56.9%

Never 8.3%

3. Frustration 4. Selfishness

2. Calmness

Often 23.9%

Sometimes 61.8%

Never 14.4%

Often 4.9%

Sometimes 55.6%

Never 39.5%

Often 2.3%

Sometimes 23.9%

Never 73.9%

Cluster Index Emotional Balance


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70/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

C uste de ot o a a a ce

Emotional Balance 0.54

0.63 0.76Compassion

0.48

Cluster Index

Indicators

Calmness

Frustration

0.40

0.53

0.55 0.72

0.67 0.79

=

=

=

Distribution

coefficient

Rescaled

mean

Selfishness

=

=

=

=

0.750.86 0.87 =

Sample Indicators Spirituality


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71/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

p p y

1. Self-reported spirituality

Very 59.6%

Moderately 36.1%

Not very 3.2%

Not at all 1.2%

3. Frequency of meditation

Daily 6.6%

Weekly 1.1%

Occasionally 7.2%

Not at all 85.1%

4. Consideration ofkarma

Always 59.6%

Sometimes 36.1%

Rarely 3.2%

Never 1.2%

2. Frequency of prayers

Daily 53.5%

Weekly 4.7%

Occasionally 31.1%

Not at all 10.8%

Sample Indicators Spirituality


72/92

72/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

p p y

5. Attitudes to taking life

Can never be

justified

79.7%

Can sometimes

be justified

18.2%

Can always be

justified

2.1%

Cluster Index Spirituality


73/92

73/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

p y

Spirituality 0.54

0.84 0.88Self-reportedspirituality

0.74

Cluster Index

Indicators

Frequency of

praying

Frequency ofmeditation

0.48

0.01

0.67 0.71

0.10 0.11

=

=

=

Distribution

coefficient

Rescaled

mean

Consideration of

karma

Attitudes to taking life

=

=

=

=

=

0.67

0.80

0.80 0.84

0.89 0.90

=

=

Sample Indicators Culture


74/92

74/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

p

1. Importance of traditions

Very important 81.3%

Important 17.0%

Not important 1.7%

3. Frequency of visiting local

sites of spiritual significance

Daily 4.6%

Weekly 3.5%

Occasionally 88.8%

Not at all 3.2%

4. Number ofzorig chusum

skills per person

3 or more skills 11.7%

2 skills 14.8%

1 skill 36.2%

No skills 37.3%

2. Frequency of attending cul-

tural/social activities in a year

> 20 days 3.6%

13-20 days 5.7%

6-12 days 24.7%

1-5 days 56.6%

None 9.5%

Cluster Index Culture


75/92

75/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

Culture 0.35

0.90 0.91Importance of traditions

0.82

Cluster Index

Indicators

Frequency of attending

cultural/social activities

Frequency of visiting localsites of spiritual significance

0.23

0.32

0.34 0.69

0.37 0.86

=

=

=

Distribution

coefficient

Rescaled

mean

Number ofzorig chusum

skills per person

=

=

=

=

0.040.09 0.42 =

Sample Indicators Human Rights


76/92

76/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

1. Freedom from discrimination

Yes 44.9%

Dont know 24.9%

No 30.2%

3. Right to form association

Yes 54.5%

Dont know 35.6%

No 10.0%

4. Equal pay for equal work

Yes 70.7%

Dont know 20.0%

No 9.3%

2. Freedom of speech

Yes 61.3%

Dont know 10.9%

No 27.8%

Cluster Index Human Rights


77/92

77/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

Human Rights 0.56

0.57 0.60 0.34

Cluster Index

0.45

0.55

0.67 0.67

0.72 0.77

Distribution

coefficient

Rescaled

mean

=

=

=

0.660.81 0.82 =

Freedom fromdiscrimination

Indicators

Freedom of speech

Right to formassociation

=

=

=Equal pay for equal

work

=

Sample Indicators Trust


78/92

78/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

1. Trust in central ministries

Trust 95.8%

Distrust 4.2%

3. Trust in media

Trust 94.9%

Distrust 5.1%

4. Trust in neighbours

Trust most 34.4%

Trust some 25.1%

Trust a few 28.3%

Trust none 12.2%

2. Trust in courts

Trust 88.4%

Distrust 11.%

Cluster Index Trust


79/92

79/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

Trust 0.75

0.96 0.96 0.92

Cluster Index

0.77

0.90

0.88 0.88

0.95 0.95

Distribution

coefficient

Rescaled

mean

=

=

=

0.410.61 0.68 =

Trust in centralministries

Indicators

Trust in courts

Trust in media

=

=

=Trust in neighbours

=

Sample Indicators Social Support


80/92

80/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

1. Family relationship index

(7 questions)

3. Help available in time of

need

Most of the time 53.8%

Some of the time 39.2%

None of the time 7.0%

2. Number of relatives living in

the same community*

All 14.4%

Most 23.6%

About half 9.2%

A few 29.3%

None 23.6%

*with whom you had contact

in the past month

1. The members of your family

really care about each other

2. You wish you were not part of

your family

3. Members of your family argue

too much

4. You feel like a stranger in your

family

5. You have enough time to spend

with your family

6. There is a lot of understandingin your family

7. Your family is a real source of

comfort

Cluster Index Social Support


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81/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

Social Support 0.55

0.90 0.93 0.84

Cluster Index

0.24

0.58

0.44 0.55

0.73 0.79

Distribution

coefficient

Rescaled

mean

=

=

=

Family relationship index

Indicators

Number of relatives living

in the same community

Help available in timeof need

=

=

=

Sample Indicators Education


82/92

82/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

1. Adult literacy*

Adult literacy rate 54.0%

3. Applicability of education to

daily life

Agree 84.4%

Neutral 12.7%

Disagree 2.9%

2. Combined primary, secon-

dary, tertiary enrolment*

Enrolment rate 63.0%

* data from Bhutan National Human

Development Report2005



Cluster Index Education


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83/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

Education 0.67

0.54 N/A 0.54

Cluster Index

0.63

0.83

0.63 N/A

0.91 0.91

Distribution

coefficient

Rescaled

mean

=

=

=

=

=

=

Adult literacy

Indicators

Combined primary,

secondary, tertiary enrolment

Applicability of educationto daily life

Sample Indicators Income


84/92

84/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

Income*

Purchasing Power

Parity 2,060 USD



Income 0.50Cluster Index 0.50=

Rescaledmean (logged)

=

Sample Indicators Ecology


85/92

85/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

1. Perceived local air quality

Satisfied 92.9%

Not satisfied 7.1%

3. Perceived local land

degradation

No 77.5%

Yes 22.5%

2. Perceived local water quality

Satisfied 89.3%

Not satisfied 10.7%

Cluster Index Ecology


86/92

86/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

Ecology 0.76

0.93 0.93 0.86

Cluster Index

0.79

0.61

0.89 0.89

0.78 0.78

Distribution

coefficient

Rescaled

mean

=

=

=

Perceived local airquality

Indicators

Perceived local

water quality

Perceived local landdegradation

=

=

=

Sample Indicators Health


87/92

87/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

1. Life-expectancy*

Life-expectancy 66.1 years

3. Body Mass Index

Healthy weight 67.3%

Underweight 6.5%

Overweight 21.7%

Obese 4.5%

2. Healthy days (out of last 30)

Excellent

physical/mental health

(30 healthy days)

59.1%

Moderate

physical/mental health

(17-29 healthy days)

26.6%

Poor physical/mental

health

(0-16 healthy days)

14.3%

* data fromAnnual Health

Bulletin 2006

Cluster Index Health


88/92

88/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

Health 0.68

0.69 N/A 0.69

Cluster Index

0.70

0.64

0.83 0.84

0.79 0.81

Distribution

coefficient

Rescaled

mean

=

=

=

Life-expectancyIndicators

Healthy days

Body Mass Index

=

=

=

Specifications of GNH Index


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89/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

Methods of selecting, normalising, and

weighting indicators for the GNH Index

No. of indicators: 35

No. of cluster indices: 12

Normalisation method: Re-scaling (0-1)

Weighting method: Equal weighting

Specifications ofGNH Index:

- Gives meaningful information about

the development of Bhutan

- Can be summarized in a single

number

- Can influence and be influenced by

policy making

Selection criteria per indicator:

GNH Index


90/92

90/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

Composite

Index

Subj.Happiness

Cluster

Indices

0.53

Mental Health 0.62

Emotional Balance 0.54

Spirituality 0.54

Trust 0.75

Education 0.67

Income 0.50

Social Support 0.55

Culture 0.35

Human Rights 0.56

Ecology 0.76

Health 0.68

SAMPLE GNH INDEX 7.04=

Presentation of GNH Index


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91/79GNH Indices 18.02.2008

0

.

.

008 2009 2010 2011

Cultur l r ili

rust

i i st r

iritualit

GNH I x

Cultural

r sili

rust

I om

iritualit

Applications of GNH Indices


92/92

Setting an alternative framework of development for govt.

and people

Providing indicators to sectors to guide development

Allocating resources in accordance with the targets and GNH

screening tools

Measuring the level of happiness and well-being of Bhutan

and any sub-groups within Bhutan at a given point in time

Measuring progress through time

Measuring progress for cross country comparisons

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